By prohibiting the extension of slavery into the territories, the

Dred Scott Decision inflamed the Southern states and helped

drive the nation toward civil war.



A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  B

Southern states insisted that the Constitution specifically allowed

states to secede from the Union as the only way they could

protect their basic rights.



A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  A

Because he believed that the Framers created a perpetual union

that couldn't be broken, President Lincoln denied that any state

had the right to secede from the Union.



A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  A

The Emancipation Proclamation (1863. freed all of the slaves,

thus ending slavery in America.





A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  B

The 13th Amendment to the Constitution abolished slavery in

America.





A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  A

The 14th Amendment to the Constitution made all blacks citizens

and prohibited violation of their civil rights by the states.





A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  A

Federal and state governments were prohibited from denying

their citizens the right to move from place to place under

provisions of the 15th Amendment.



A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  B

Black Codes were passed in the Southern states to help blacks

find employment.





A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  B

The Civil War Amendments (13th, 14th, and 15th. did little to

protect the rights of blacks in the South, because federal officials

did little to enforce the provisions of the amendments.



A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  A

The Ku Klux Klan's terrorist tactics were successful in

intimidating blacks so that they would not claim their rights

under the law.



A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  A

When Congress realized that the 13th Amendment was not

sufficient to protect the rights of blacks in the South, they passed

the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to protect blacks.



A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  A

Those laws in the South which kept blacks from voting because

they were desperately poor were called poll taxes.





A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  A

Substantive due process insures that individuals accused of

crimes are entitled to fair procedures in a court of law.





A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  B

All citizens are entitled to equality of condition under the equal

protection clause of the 14th Amendment.





A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  B

The 14th Amendment extended the status of national citizenship

to people regardless of race.





A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  A

The Supreme Court incorporated the Bill of Rights to insure that

the Federal government would protect individual rights under the

14th Amendment.



A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  B

While not specifically mentioned in the Constitution or the Bill

of Rights, the right of privacy was upheld by the Supreme Court

in Griswold v. Connecticut (1965..



A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  A

The Supreme Court established the principle of separate

but equal in public accommodations in its decision in

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896..



A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  A

Jim Crow laws in the South eased the transition from segregation

to integration in places of public accommodation.





A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  B

Integration on Montgomery, Alabama, public bus system was

accomplished in 1956 after a year of a black boycott of ridership

until segregation was ended.



A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  A

The Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954.

held that the "separate but equal" principle in places of public

accommodation was unconstitutional.



A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  A

Martin Luther King, Jr., and NAACP adopted civil disobedience

as a tactic to insure that nonviolent direct action would be

employed to end segregation.



A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  A

In reaction to the push by black civil rights leaders to end

segregation, white citizens councils were organized in the

South to continue segregation.



A.  True





B.  False





C. 





D.





E.





Answer:  A

Constitutional questions over whether women were citizens made

it difficult for women to get voting rights in the second half of

the 19th century after the Civil War.



A.  True





B.  False





C.  





D.





E.





Answer:  A

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., appealed to blacks to use violent

tactics to secure civil rights in his letter from a Birmingham jail.





A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  B

Among other things, the Civil Rights of 1964 prohibited job

discrimination by businesses and labor unions.





A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  A

The 15th Amendment extended the right to vote to blacks.







A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  A

Despite the fact that blacks acquired the right to vote under the

Constitution after the Civil War, Southern whites found other

legal ways to keep blacks from voting.



A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  A

Women finally got the right to vote with ratification of the 19th

Amendment.





A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  A

The decline in voter turnout has resulted in the increased power

of bureaucrats and lobbyists in governing the nation.





A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  A

The use of the poll tax as a means of denying the right to vote

in Federal elections was ended with the passage of the 24th

Amendment.



A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  A

The purpose of Jim Crow laws in the South was to end

discrimination in that region.





A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  B

The main purpose of Affirmative Action programs was to

prevent discrimination in housing.





A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  B

When implemented Affirmative Action programs would meet the

basic food and housing needs for all Americans.





A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  B

The Supreme Court supported the Regents of University of

California (1978. in their assertion that Alan Bakke was not

discriminated against when less qualified minority candidates

were given slots at UC Davis Medical Schools over him.

A.  True





B.  False





C.





D.





E.





Answer:  B

The Emancipation Proclamation







A.  freed all the slaves





B.  freed only those slaves in the Northern border states





C.  freed only those slaves in states or parts of states still in

     rebellion



D.  was a symbolic gesture but freed no slaves





E.





Answer:  C

The 13th Amendment to the Constitution







A.  allowed states to secede from the Union





B.  provided for an income tax





C.  abolished slavery





D.  prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages





E.





Answer:  C

The 14th Amendment to the Constitution had what impact on

blacks when ratified?





A.  It gave each family 40 acres and a mule.





B.  It gave them the right to vote.





C.  It made them citizens and prohibited violation of their civil

     rights by the states.



D.  It gave them money to compensate for their work while they

     were considered slaves.



E.





Answer:  C

The 15th Amendment prohibited national and state governments

from denying citizens their            because of their race, color,

or status as former slaves.



A.  civil rights





B.  right to move from place to place





C.  right to vote





D.  right to own property





E.





Answer:  C

Black Codes were passed in the Southern states to







A.  help African Americans find employment





B.  limit the newly won freedoms of former slaves





C.  help local governments protect African Americans





D.  deny state citizenship to the freed slaves





E.





Answer:  B

In the decades immediately following their ratification, the Civil

War Amendments did little to protect the rights of African

Americans because



A.  freed slaves refused to support the amendments





B.  Reconstruction policies prohibited the amendments from

     taking effect



C.  Federal officials did little to enforce the provisions of the

     amendments



D.  several Supreme Court rulings prohibited the states from

     passing civil rights legislation



E.





Answer:  C

Why was the Dred Scott decision so significant?







A.  By saying that the Federal government did not have the

     right to exclude slavery from the territories, it inflamed

     the Northern states and helped drive the nation to Civil War.

B.  By prohibiting the extension of slavery into the territories, it

     inflamed the Northern states and helped drive the nation to

     Civil War.

C.  By not allowing Dred Scott to sue for his freedom, it slowed

     the path to Civil War.



D.  By allowing Dred Scott to sue for his freedom, it inflamed

     the Southern states who seceded from the Union.



E.





Answer:  A

Why did the Southern states insist that they had the right to

secede from the Union?





A.  Many Southern states never ratified the Constitution.





B.  The Constitution allows states to secede.





C.  Since the Union was only a federation of sovereign states,

     they could leave the Union to protect their basic rights.



D.  The Northern states began to compete with the Southern

     states in the slave trade.



E.





Answer:  C

Why did President Lincoln deny that any state had the

Constitutional right to secede from the Union?





A.  The Constitution specifically prohibits secession.





B.  The Framers had created a perpetual Union which couldn't

     be broken.



C.  All states had agreed not to leave the Union when they

     ratified the Constitution.



D.  No state could leave the Union while it owed money to the

     National treasury.



E.





Answer:  B

The Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case helped

provoke the Civil War by ruling that





A.  Congress could not prohibit slavery in the territories.





B.  states could not impose tariffs on imported goods





C.  former slaves were entitled to full enjoyment of the rights of

     citizenship



D.  federal price supports for cotton were unconstitutional





E.





Answer:  A

When Southern states seceded from the Union, they justified

their actions by arguing that the United States was a





A.  sovereign nation





B.  constitutional democracy





C.  democratic republic





D.  federation of sovereign states





E.





Answer:  D

The impact of the Black Codes were to







A.  encourage blacks to exercise their rights





B.  allow slaves to acquire land on plantations where they

     worked as slaves



C.  prevent former slaves from developing the political power

     they may have gained with education and the right to vote



D.  chase most former slaves out of the South





E.





Answer:  C

Which of the statements describing the Ku Klux Klan's purposes

is accurate?





A.  to encourage blacks to register and vote





B.  to see that blacks would be fairly treated in the exercise of

     their civil rights



C.  to intimidate and terrorize blacks to keep them from claiming

     their rights



D.  to maintain public order in the South when Union troops

     were withdrawn



E.





Answer:  C

The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was passed because







A.  Congress did not believe that the 13th Amendment was

      enough to protect the rights of blacks



B.  rights of freed blacks were especially violated in the North





C.  the efforts of the Ku Klux Klan to protect black rights were

     insufficient



D.  President Andrew Johnson lobbied hard for its passage





E.





Answer:  A

The laws that kept blacks in the South from voting because they

were desperately poor were





A.  poll taxes





B.  literacy tests





C.  grandfather clauses





D.  Black Codes





E.





Answer:  A

What clause in the 14th Amendment guarantees that no

government can interfere with basic civil rights except

according to established procedures of law?



A.  privileges and immunities clause





B.  citizenship clause





C.  due process of law clause





D.  limitation of representation clause





E.





Answer:  C

Substantive due process







A.  insures that individuals have absolute rights





B.  limits government from making laws in areas in which they

     have no business in interfering



C.  insures that individuals accused of crimes are entitled to fair

     procedures in a court trial



D.  guarantees that government has the authority to maintain

     public order



E.





Answer:  B

Equal protection of the laws clause of the 14th Amendment

means that





A.  all citizens are entitled to equality of condition





B.  all laws must equally protect all citizens under all

     circumstances



C.  no individual or group may receive special privileges or be

     deprived of certain rights under the law



D.  legislatures may not pass laws that treat people differently

     even if there is a reasonable basis for doing so



E.





Answer:  D

The right to equal protection of the laws means that the government







A.  is responsible for seeing that people have the same opportunities





B.  may not unfairly or unreasonably treat people differently





C.  is responsible for ensuring that people have a decent standard of living





D.  may not conduct unreasonable searches and seizures of private property





E.  





Answer:  A

How did the 14th Amendment change the meaning of national

citizenship?





A.  It gave the states the authority to define national citizenship.





B.  It made national citizenship unavailable to Confederate

     officials who actively rebelled against the Union.



C.  It defined the period of residence required to become a

     naturalized citizen.



D.  It extended the status of national citizenship to people

     regardless of race.



E.





Answer:  D

Why did the Supreme Court incorporate the Bill of Rights?







A.  To insure Federal government would protect individual rights.





B.  To insure that state governments would be prohibited from

     violating individual rights that the Federal government was

     prohibited from violating.

C.  To guarantee individuals would not violate another's

     individual rights.



D.  To spell out the Bill of Rights in terms that one could not

     misunderstand.



E.





Answer:  B

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965. upheld the right            that is

not specially included in the Constitution or Bill of Rights.





A.  of a writ of habeas corpus





B.  of privacy





C.  to a fair trial





D.  against double jeopardy





E.





Answer:  B

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896. established what principle?







A.  right to exercise civil disobedience





B.  poll taxes were unconstitutional





C.  separate but equal in public accommodations





D.  literacy tests were unconstitutional





E.





Answer:  C

Jim Crow laws in the South had what impact?







A.  reduced production of bootleg liquor





B.  enforced segregation by prohibiting integration of blacks and

     whites in places of public accommodation



C.  prevented blacks from voting





D.  eased the transition from segregation to integration





E.





Answer:  B

Under the separate but equal doctrine, the Supreme Court upheld

laws requiring racial segregation, despite claims that such laws

violated the



A.  "privileges and immunities" clause





B.  "due process" clause





C.  "equal protection" clause





D.  "commerce" clause





E.





Answer:  C

NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored

People. effectively used what weapon to end segregation on

Montgomery, Alabama, public buses in 1956?



A.  massive sit-ins on the bus system





B.  terrorist tactics to prevent the buses from running





C.  boycotting ridership on the buses until they ended segregation





D.  establishing a rival bus system





E.





Answer:  C

What was the significance of Brown v. Board of Education

(1954.?





A.  upheld the Constitutionality of Jim Crow laws





B.  ended the Montgomery, Alabama, bus boycott





C.  held poll taxes to be unconstitutional





D.  held that "separate but equal" was unconstitutional and began

     requiring the integration of public schools



E.





Answer:  D

Civil disobedience as a tactic used by black civil rights groups

successfully employed what means?





A.  whatever means would achieve their ends





B.  nonviolent direct action





C.  indirect violence against public property





D.  direct violence against public and private property





E.





Answer:  B

Which of the following was not an organization which tried to

advance the condition of blacks in the South?





A.  National Association for Advancement of Colored People

     (NAACP.



B.  Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC.





C.  white citizens councils





D.  Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC.





E.





Answer:  C

The leaders of the civil rights movement were significantly aided

by the Constitution's protection of





A.  freedom of assembly and petition





B.  the privileges and immunities of citizenship





C.  property rights





D.  the separate but equal doctrine





E.





Answer:  B

The struggle to extend voting rights to women was made

especially difficult by





A.  constitutional provisions which prohibited women from

     voting



B.  traditional views held by many people about the proper role

     of women



C.  constitutional questions over whether women were citizens





D.  the failure of states to grant women voting rights





E.





Answer:  C

In his letter from a Birmingham jail, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.,

defended what tactic used by blacks to advance civil rights?





A.  civil disobedience





B.  violent terrorist tactics





C.  writing letters to condemn racism





D.  securing firearms from other countries





E.





Answer:  A

Civil Rights Act of 1964 advanced the civil rights of blacks in

each of these areas EXCEPT





A.  places of public accommodation





B.  school integration





C.  prohibited discrimination in housing





D.  prohibited job discrimination by businesses and labor unions





E.





Answer:  B

The right to vote was extended to blacks with passage of







A.  literacy tests and understanding clauses





B.  Civil Rights Act of 1964





C.  15th Amendment to the Constitution





D.  19th Amendment to the Constitution





E.





Answer:  C

Women's suffrage was achieved with passage of the







A.  15th Amendment





B.  Civil Rights Act of 1964





C.  19th Amendment





D.  14th Amendment





E.





Answer:  C

The decline in voter turnout or participation has resulted in







A.  increased influence of special interest voters





B.  decreased number of opportunities to vote





C.  increased importance of political parties





D.  decreased cost of conducting elections at all levels





E.





Answer:  A

At the present time, which of the following groups in the United

States can vote?





A.  blacks





B.  women





C.  Native-Americans





D.  persons over 18 years of age





E.  all of these groups





Answer:  E

Which of the following amendments to the Constitution prohibits

the use of the poll tax as a means of denying the right to vote in

Federal elections?



A.  15th Amendment





B.  19th Amendment





C.  24th Amendment





D.  26th Amendment





E.





Answer:  C

To end discrimination in America, Congress had enacted or

created each of the following EXCEPT





A.  Education Act of 1972





B.  Equal Pay Act of 1972





C.  Equal Employment Opportunities Commission





D.  Jim Crow Laws





E.





Answer:  D

What is the main purpose of Affirmative Action programs?







A.  remove legal barriers to equal opportunity





B.  provide programs which open up opportunity through

     remedial help and preferential treatment to make up for

     past discrimination

C.  enhance voting rights





D.  prevent discrimination in housing





E.





Answer:  B

In principle, Affirmative Action programs for women and

minorities were designed to





A.  remedy the effects of past discrimination





B.  stop the flow of illegal immigrants to the United States





C.  meet the basic food and housing needs of all citizens





D.  stop school segregation





E.





Answer:  A

In Regents of University of California v. Bakke (1978., the

Supreme Court held that





A.  quotas and group entitlements were constitutional





B.  there was not such a thing as reverse discrimination





C.  by admitting less qualified minorities over Bakke to

     UC Medical School, Bakke was denied the equal protection

     of the laws

D.  minorities were entitled to preferential treatment because of

     past discrimination



E.





Answer:  C