1. Where did Salvation Army missionaries typically look for their converts? a. in the executive offices of big corporations
b. amongst government bureaucrats
c. on the islands of Hawaii and the Philippines
d. in barrooms, on street corners, and in brothels [d]
2. One of the most important consequences of late nineteenth century industrialization and global migrations was
a. urbanization.
b. the demise of racism.
c. the expansion of democratic principles.
d. the rise in food prices.
[a]
3. Which European city grew roughly as fast as New York? a. Naples
b. Warsaw
c. Berlin
d. Rotterdam [c]
4. How many immigrants arrived in the United States between 1870 and 1900?
a. about 2 million
b. less than 5 million
c. approximately 11 million
d. more than 20 million
[c]
5. Which of the following cities is properly matched with its dominant industry of the late 19th century?
a. Portland, Oregon - cigars
b. Tampa, Florida - lumber
c. Winston-Salem , North Carolina– cotton
d. Johnston, Pennsylvania – iron and steel
[d]
6. What did the suburbs of the late 19th century offer to those well-off enough to afford them?
a. rich hunting grounds
b. convenient shopping
c. tree-lined neighborhoods
d. quicker commutes to work
[c]
7. As a result of steamship technology,
a. more migrants arrived in the US from more distant destinations.
b. more immigrants moved from the East Coast into the American heartland.
c. more Americans emigrated to Australia.
d. more immigrants remained in Europe.
[a]
8. What motivated Japanese to emigrate to the United States around the turn of the century?
a. They felt victimized by Japan's rising taxes.
b. They sought to escape religious persecution.
c. They suffered racial discrimination at the hands of Korean imperialists.
d. They resented the massive immigration of Chinese into Japan.
[a]
9. A majority of 70 percent of immigrants between 1880 and 1910 was made up of
a. children under the age of 16 .
b. women.
c. men.
d. mentally and physically disabled people.
[c]
10. What was the American Protective Association?
a. b. c. d. [c]
a group of businessmen opposed to tariff reductions
the women's organization committed to the prevention of domestic violence a nativist organization advocating strict immigration laws
a group of reformers lobbying for a ban on child labor
11. What happened with the immigration restriction bill before Congress in the 1890s?
a. b. c. d. [d]
Democrats successfully blocked it.
Republicans split over the issue and the bill failed.
President Cleveland issued a similar executive order after the bill failed. President Grover Cleveland vetoed it as "un-American."
11. Who were “Americanos”?
a. Italian immigrants used this term for US citizens.
b. Italians used this word to describe American tourists in Europe.
c. This was an insult immigrants hurled at those that assimilated too quickly.
d. Italians used this word for returned immigrants from the United States.
[d]
12. Why were immigrant laborers especially vulnerable to economic disaster?
a. They could not get used to the hard physical work in the United States.
b. They had a hard time living frugally.
c. They worked almost exclusively in seasonal agriculture.
d. They lacked the safety nets that protected them from busts and sickness.
[d]
13. Why did so many wives and children in immigrant families work for wages as well?
a. For most immigrants, this was a familiar custom in the old country.
b. Most immigrant men did not make enough money to support a family
c. Immigrant children were not allowed in schools anyway.
d. Immigrants desired extra spending money for the small luxuries of working- class life.
[b]
14. Immigrant enclaves at the turn-of-the-century
a. were rarely exclusive.
b. remained isolated into the middle of the 20th century
c. were hotbeds of violent crime.
d. lacked the public social life native neighborhoods have in common. All.
[a]
15. Who amongst Gilded Age immigrants was most likely to embrace all things American?
a. older men
b. younger women
c. the wealthy
d. the poor
[b]
16. Which adjective would best fit the city of Chicago at the turn of the 20th century?
a. sleepy
b. underdeveloped
c. clean
d. undisciplined
[d]
17. Why did the audiences of vaudeville shows enjoy the portrayal of contemporary ethnic stereotypes?
a. It fed their ethnic feuds and neighborhood rivalries.
b. It provided a counterweight to the worse prejudices of Anglo-Americans.
c. The numerous performances helped ease ethnic tensions and create a sense of belonging.
d. Immigrants were familiar with these stereotypes from vaudeville in the old country.
[c]
18. The sports and recreation craze of 1890s was part of a larger reaction to
a. obesity.
b. the vanity of young Americans.
c. the militarization of American society.
d. the regimentation of urban industrial society.
[d]
19. Which of the following emerged as one of the greatest urban crises at the turn of the century?
a. public transportation
b. housing shortage
c. police brutality
d. traffic congestion
[b]
20. What made the Democratic politician William M. Tweed famous?
a. b. c. d. [d]
He pushed through significant immigration reform.
He was a fierce defender of union rights.
He established racial segregation throughout the South.
He stole between $50 million and $200 million from New York City.
21. The founding voice of the social Gospel movement was
a. Josiah Strong.
b. Grover Cleveland.
c. William M Tweed.
d. Frances Willard .
[a]
22. Why did charity workers regularly inspect and investigate families requesting their help?
a. They wanted to ensure they were providing sufficient support.
b. They wanted to discern the worthiness of the family in need.
c. They wanted to make sure that no need was overlooked.
d. The inspection of charity cases was a federal regulatory requirement.
[b]
23. Why did the settlement house workers believe that the environment in which people lived shaped their lives?
a. Many of them were disciples of Charles Darwin and other naturalists.
b. They had lived among the poor and witnessed the destructive environments.
c. They were raised in liberal settings that discounted individual accountability.
d. Most were immigrants and had serious misgivings about the United States.
[b]
24. What did “anties” of the Gilded Age oppose?
a. b. c. d. [a]
alcohol consumption common-law marriage immigration
wage labor
25. Why did national politics in the late 19th century accomplish so little of substance?
a. At the time there was no demand for political change on a national level.
b. National politics were preoccupied with the demands of foreign affairs.
c. The main focus of most politicians was to hold onto office rather than risk
change.
d. The political differences amongst the many parties in Congress were too big
to accomplish anything.
[c]
26. What did the coinage act of 1873 accomplish?
a. b. c. d. [b]
It introduced silver as the basis for the national currency. It made gold the nation's monetary standard
It prohibited the use of greenbacks.
It established the Federal Reserve system.
27. What was the approximate turnout of eligible male voters in the presidential election of 1896?
a. 45 percent
b. 65 percent
c. 80 percent
d. 97 percent
[c]
28. The People’s (Populist) Party first appeared in
a. the Northeast.
b. the South
c. the cities.
d. the West [d]
29. Why did the speech William Jennings Bryan gave at the Democratic Party convention in 1896 become known as "The Cross of Gold Speech"?
a. b. c. d. [d]
Bryan's oratory was elegant, and but failed to capture the hearts of his listeners. In his speech, Bryan opposed the free coinage of silver.
Bryan's speech was unusually loaded with biblical references.
In his speech Bryan likened the gold standard to Christ’s cross.
1. To what religious faith did members of the Salvation Army belong?
a. Protestant Christianity
b. Catholicism
c. Judaism
d. Islam
[a]
2. What disturbing question did the dramatic expansion of cities in the late 19th century pose for Americans?
a. Could the United States ever reach the European level of civilization?
b. Did cities constitute an advance or the decline of the Republic?
c. Were cities ever going to produce the comfort level of country living?
d. Could American farmers ever feed the growing urban population?
[b]
3. Which of the following cities claimed a population of over 1 million people at the midpoint of the 19th century?
a. Chicago
b. Paris
c. Philadelphia
d. Tokyo
[b]
4. In 1900, what percentage of those dwelling in the nation's 12 largest urban centers were either foreign-born or had parents who were born abroad?
a. 30 percent
b. 40 percent
c. 50 percent
d. 60 percent
[d]
5. Which region remained largely rural at the turn of the century?
a. the Pacific Northwest
b. the Northeast
c. the South
d. the Midwest
[c]
6. Why did the cities of the late 19th century begin to grow vertically?
a. Technological innovations made the skyscraper possible, and it became the
housing format of choice.
b. Congested and densely packed, many cities could only grow up.
c. The new economy required space for the armies of blue-collar workers.
d. Environmental restrictions limited the possibilities for cities to develop
horizontally.
[b]
7. Which nation had the largest proportion of immigrants at of the end of the 19th century?
a. Australia
b. New Zealand
c. Argentina
d. Canada
[c]
8. Why did the French Canadians from Québec head south to New England?
a. They were facing an overpopulated countryside and diminishing access to
land at home.
b. They were hoping to find employment in the steel and lumber mills of New
England.
c. They suffered serious persecution for holding on to the French language.
d. A predominantly Jewish community, they feared the anti-Semitism of
Canadians.
[a]
9. Why did Protestant Americans believe that Roman Catholics could never be loyal Americans?
a. At the time, the United States Constitution mandated the Protestant faith.
b. Catholics had a primary allegiance to the Pope.
c. The social values of their faith made Catholics unsuitable for a capitalist
economy.
d. The sexism of Catholics made it impossible for them to respect the voting
rights of women.
[b]
10. Why did Chinese migrants to the West Coast maintain their language, dress, and hairstyles?
a. California and other Western states required Chinese to remain easily identifiable.
b. In the frontier West, the Chinese -- like any other immigrants -- had to live with what they brought.
c. Many Chinese were sojourners planning on returning to China.
d. Many Chinese earned good money in the tourism industry by remaining
authentically "Asian."
[c]
11. Which of the following was the LEAST likely reason for immigrants to return to their homeland?
a. climate
b. homesickness
c. the secular nature of American society
d. economic failure
[a]
12. What triggered the blaze of anti-Chinese sentiment in the 1870s?
a. b. c. d. [d]
the California gold rush
the criminal activities of Chinese gangs in Western cities the Opium Wars
a severe economic depression
13. Americanization could create the most serious tensions and misunderstandings between
a. brothers and sisters.
b. parents and children.
c. neighbors.
d. friends.
[b]
14. Why did Italy see dramatic increases in landholding at the turn of the century?
a. The massive outmigration to the United States reduced competition over
existing real estate.
b. Italians imported American real estate law, making landholding easier
c. The increase in land ownership was a result of return migration and the influx
of capital.
d. The Italian government made land ownership easier in order to discourage
outmigration.
[c]
15. Which of the following migrant groups is properly matched with their particular job and industry concentration in America at the turn of the century?
a. Poles – steel mills
b. German Jews – municipal work crews
c. Italian men – garment industry
d. Eastern European Jews – liquor trade
[a]
16. Why did immigrant laborers suffer death and injury at much higher rates than their native-born counterparts?
a. They spent their evenings in saloons and tended to sleep on the job.
b. They were unhappy with their jobs and refused to follow orders.
c. Language barriers of made it difficult for them to understand directions.
d. They were physically weaker and got injured more easily.
[c]
17. How did immigrants at the turn of the century support newcomers from the old country?
a. They used their connections to win them jobs in high places.
b. They got them an apartment and covered their rent for a few months.
c. They opened their homes to provide them a foothold in America.
d. They taught them English.
[c]
18. Many immigrants in late 19th century America began to reject the tradition of arranged marriages and embraced more American notions of
a. dating.
b. romantic love.
c. living single.
d. employing a matchmaker.
[b]
19. How did middle-class citizens in the United States and Europe view cities in the late 19th century?
a. They were sites of boredom and predictability.
b. They were enviable pinnacles of civilization.
c. They were the primary social problem of the age.
d. They served as models for diversity and multicultural understanding.
[c]
20. Which of late
a. b. c. d. [b]
21. Which a.
b. c. d. [d]
a. b. c.
d. [c]
sport helped create a sense of community in the diverse and fragmented cities 19th century America?
basketball baseball American football soccer
sport was popular with modern middle class women after the 1890s? bicycling
soccer
softball
basketball
22. What accounted for the bad governance of so many cities in the Gilded Age?
a. b. c. d. [a]
They sought to blunt the influence of Roman Catholicism.
They were meant to help immigrant workers negotiate good labor contracts. They served as churches for immigrants.
They were supposed to promote the activities of city government.
There was too much red tape.
Citizens did not pay the taxes to fund proper city government.
Political machines often were more interested in lining their pockets than serving their constituents.
Most city dwellers felt they did not need a city government.
23. What was the purpose of the city missions?
24. By 1900 the number of settlement houses in US cities was approximately
a. 10.
b. 100.
c. 200.
d. 1000.
[b]
25. How did Jacob Riis succeed at getting New York's worst tenements destroyed and the child labor laws more effectively enforced?
a. He appealed to president Theodore Roosevelt.
b. He worked as the city's health and safety inspector.
c. His photography made the plight of New York's poor visible to millions.
d. Riis transformed New York through his philanthropic real estate developments.
[c]
26. Like many reforms of the era, temperance and prohibition was
a. a hopeless cause.
b. an international movement.
c. terribly misguided.
d. an outgrowth of socialism.
[b]
27. Who supported the gold standard?
a. Republicans
b. Populists
c. Democrats
d. farmers
[a]
28. Why did Charles Guiteau assassinate Presient James Garfield?
a. A labor radical, he was angry over Garfield's anti-union stance.
b. He had hoped to obtain an office in the Garfield demonstration.
c. He was a deranged man looking for attention.
d. Garfield had had an affair with Guiteau’s wife.
[b]
29. How did Democrats, the governing party, fare in the 1894 midterm elections?
a. They gained seats in House and Senate because of their handling of the
economic crisis.
b. They lost over 100 seats, the largest shift in congressional power in history.
c. They lost over 100 seats to the Populist party which made a strong showing
nationwide.
d. They held on to exactly half of all seats, securing the perfect stalemate for the
next two years.
[b]
30. The Populist party opposed
a. the direct election of Senators.
b. a graduated income tax.
c. the protection of labor unions.
d. a deregulated railroad industry.
[d]
1. Which of these factors most likely prompted rural people to look to cities for work?
a. the need for adventure
b. interest in urban culture
c. agricultural mechanization
d. a distaste for hard work
[c]
2. Why was the city of Chicago so ideally situated for dramatic growth during the Gilded Age?
a. It was built on flat land.
b. It was far away from hostile Indians.
c. The adjacent lake provided sufficient water.
d. It sat between the nation's manufacturing and farm-belt.
[d]
3. Most "new" immigrants originated in
a. Northwestern Europe.
b. Latin America.
c. Southeast Asia.
d. Southeastern Europe.
[d]
4. Which
a. Let them learn their constitutional rights so they can be engaged citizens.
b. Give them the opportunity to educate themselves so they can contribute to
of the following best describes the efforts to “Americanize“ immigrants?
society.
c. Let us change them without them changing us.
d. Let's learn from the best of what the immigrants have to offer. [c]
5. Which
a. Youngsters developed a lifetime interest in the mechanical arts.
b. Children quickly learned the importance of saving and spending wisely.
c. Children from low-income families were likely to remain low income
workers.
d. Children who worked at an early age often rose to success and prominence.
[c]
6. The Alianza Hispano Americana started in 1894 in the town of a. Tucson.
b. Miami.
c. Los Angeles.
of the following was a long-term consequence of child labor?
d. New York. [a]
7. Amusement parks provided a much-needed outlet for
a. suburbanites.
b. young working people.
c. international tourists.
d. the elite.
[b]
8. The lifeblood of the politics and Gilded Age was
a. reform.
b. fiscal policy.
c. patronage
d. lobbying.
[c]
9. What important principle of the Social Gospel did Hull House and other settlement
houses represent?
a. Work hard and prosper.
b. Live among the poor and share their lives.
c. Empathize, educate, elevate.
d. Let individualism blossom.
[b]
10. Who did farmers look to in their effort to ensure equal rights to all and special privileges to none?
a. the federal government
b. railroad corporations
c. banks
d. unions
[a]
1. What drove the growth of second-tier cities in the Gilded Age?
a. b. c. d. [a]
a specialization in manufacturing or processing
bedroom communities in suburban housing developments the business of trade and transportation
the emergence of modern state and county capitals
2. Which transportation innovation had a particularly big impact on American cities after the 1880s?
a. the car
b. the railroad
c. the horse and buggy
d. the streetcar
[d]
3. Which of the following forms of housing had existed well before the Gilded Age in the United States?
a. townhouses
b. apartments
c. tenements
d. multi-family triple-deckers
[a]
4. What drove the migration of Eastern European Jews to the United States in the late 19th century?
a. religious persecution in the Russian Empire
b. a potato plight in most farmlands west of the Ural
c. the discount rates at which customers could buy steamship voyages
d. news of the fortunes to be made in the American textile industry
[a]
5. Because of the transitory nature of sojourners, they had little interest in
a. a decent wage.
b. shorter working hours.
c. safe working conditions.
d. joining a union.
[d]
6. What was the most important thing immigrants brought back home to the old country during the Gilded Age?
a. American cars
b. dollars
c. the English language
d. new ideas about democracy
[d]
7. Why did most Roman Catholic immigrants insist on building their own separate ethnic parishes?
a. They wanted their own priests who spoke their language.
b. Their religious practices were rarely compatible with those of other Roman
Catholics.
c. They wanted to avoid excessive control and oversight by the Pope.
d. They used parishes to hide their wealth from taxation. [a]
8. Which of the following was the most important promise the United States kept towards its immigrants?
a. free public education
b. the right to vote for everyone
c. the right to bear arms
d. the right to a living wage
[a]
9. In contrast to city missions, what did charity organizations try to accomplish at the turn of the century?
a. They sought to convert the poor to a particular sect.
b. They tried to convince the poor that they did not deserve help.
c. They emphasized the moral rehabilitation of the poor.
d. They tried to convince the poor that their stubborn religious faith had kept
them destitute.
[c]
10. Throughout the 1880s, 1890s, and long after, African American voters in the South overwhelmingly voted for
a. Democrats.
b. Republicans.
c. the People’s Party.
d. Black candidates only.
[b]