1. How did Southern slaves who were still working on plantations react to Union conquest?
a. They openly sided with their southern owners to fight the Union soldiers.
b. They subtly sabotaged Union soldiers.
c. They immediately turned against their owners.
d. They did nothing.
[d]
2. Who were the Gullah?
a. Southern blacks in Louisiana
b. Southern blacks in the low country
c. mixed-race residents in Georgia
d. mixed-race residents in Virginia
[b]
3. At the end of the Civil War, what was the first issue the U.S. government had to address?
a. what rights to give freed slaves
b. reestablishing loyal governments in the south
c. punishing southern leaders
d. reestablishing the southern way of life
[b]
4. What was the most important task facing the freed slaves at the end of the Civil War?
a. b. c. d. [c]
finding jobs establishing homes re-uniting families leaving plantations
5. What happened to the person who assassinated Lincoln?
a. b. c. d. [c]
He was captured, tried and hung. He was never captured.
He was killed by U.S. troops. He committed suicide.
6. Many Americans blamed __________ for orchestrating the conspiracy against Lincoln.
a. b. c. d. [d]
General Robert E. Lee Andrew Johnson
John C. Calhoun Jefferson Davis
7. Approximately how many Confederates relocated out of the country after the defeat of the South?
a. 10,000
b. 30,000
c. 50,000
d. 80,000
[a]
8. When the Civil War ended, how did most northern Democrats feel the ex-Confederate states should be treated?
a.
b. c. d.
Southerners should resume their previous position in the Union with no punishment.
Punishment should be swift and harsh for all southerners.
Only high-ranking officers should be punished.
All southerners who took an oath of allegiance to the U.S. government should be
readmitted. [d]
9. Confederate men in particular were hindered in accepting defeat by the concept of
a. paternalism.
b. nationalism
c. republicanism.
d. individualism.
[a]
10. What was the purpose of the 13th amendment?
a. b. c. d. [a]
It outlawed slavery.
It gave all slaves citizenship.
It gave male slaves citizenship. It entitled male slaves to vote.
11. What position did President Johnson take regarding Reconstruction?
a. b. c. d. [d]
He imposed strict rules on southern elites for re-admittance. He favored full rights for freed slaves.
He was sympathetic to plantation elites.
He was a staunch defender of white supremacy.
12. In the 1865 elections, voters in the Lower South tended to vote for a. Republicans.
b. Whigs.
c. Democrats.
d. Unionists. [c]
13. Why was the condition of the southern economy a major concern to Congress?
a. Northern Republicans did not want the South to become financially independent.
b. A weak southern economy could lead to renewed conflict among the southern
states.
c. A strong southern economy could encourage another Civil War.
d. The sale of wealthy plantations could cause the rise in the power of wealthy
plantation owners.
[b]
14. What was the approximate cost of emancipation to southerners?
a. b. c. d. [d]
$10 million $55 million $100 million $3 billion
15. What action did President Johnson take regarding the continuation of the Freedman’s Bureau?
a. He pushed for additional financing.
b. He supported legislation to extend its power.
c. He vetoed its extension.
d. He did not approve the extent of its authority but recognized it was important to
Reconstruction.
[c]
16. What did the emancipation process in America have in common with that of Jamaica and South Africa?
a. b. c. d.
[b]
17. By some estimates slave property represented approximately ________ of the wealth of the Deep South.
a. 40% b. 60% c. 75% d. 90%
Emancipation was gradual in all three countries.
Emancipaiton was disruptive in all three countries.
Emancipation prohibited social restrictions on blacks in all three countries. Emancipation efforts explicitly sought to overturn the concept of racial superiority in all three countries.
[b]
18. Which of the following is NOT included in the 14th Amendment?
a. Citizenship for freedmen
b. Citizenship for all naturalized citizens
c. Age requirement for voting
d. Right to vote for freedmen
[d]
19. What was Congress’ main motivation in seizing control over the process of Reconstruction?
a. gaining political advantage
b. protecting southern whites
c. curtailing racial violence
d. jump-starting the southern economy
[c]
20. What year did Congress pass the first series of Reconstruction Acts?
a. 1866
b. 1867
c. 1868
d. 1869
[b]
21. What action did Congress take regarding the Civil Rights Act?
a. b. c.
d. [b]
It was passed by the House but not the Senate.
Congress passed the legislation over Johnson’s veto.
Congress initially passed the legislation but withdrew its approval when Johnson vetoed it.
It was rejected by both the House and Senate.
22. In order to make a living, many blacks
a. bought small parcels of agricultural land.
b. contracted out as sharecroppers.
c. moved to northern industries.
d. moved west.
[b]
23. Most sharecroppers engaged in the cultivation of which of the following crops? a. rice
b. indigo c. tobacco
d. cotton [d]
24. Revenue from cotton production was unreliable because
a. sharecroppers’ wages drove the price up.
b. land was scarce.
c. of competition from Egypt and India.
d. Great Britain no longer needed southern cotton for manufacturing purposes.
[c]
25. In 1860, what other countries besides the U.S. remained major slave economies?
a. Cuba and Jamaica
b. Cuba and Brazil
c. Brazil and Jamaica
d. Jamaica and Haiti
[b]
26. Which of the following was the reason some white men joined the Republican Party?
a. sympathy for blacks
b. interest in developing southern industry
c. backlash against southern Democrats whom they blamed for secession
d. as a way to show loyalty to the Union
[c]
27. What jeopardized the re-election of Grant in 1872?
a. b. c. d. [a]
widespread charges of corruption
his conservative approach to economic recovery his inexperience as a politician
lack of Republican support
28. Which of the following Republican policies garnered immense criticism because it increased the tax burden?
a. new roads
b. public education
c. high tariffs
d. communication infrastructure
[b]
29. Which type of plantation workers had the best possibility of negotiating working conditions?
a. sugar b. cotton
c. rice
d. tobacco [a]
30. What made western settlement particularly difficult after the Civil War?
a. b. c. d. [c]
lack of available land for private use
U.S. government’s reluctance to support transportation improvements renewed control of the West by the Sioux and other Indians
inability of settlers to finance resettlement
1. For former slaves who chose to remain on their plantations, what was one of the biggest problems they faced?
a. working out fair contracts with former masters
b. finding food
c. learning new skills
d. finding adequate housing facilities
[a]
2. What was one of the purposes of the Freedman’s Bureau?
a. b. c. d. [b]
show freed slaves how to vote
help resolve labor disputes
hand out loans for food and housing relocate freed blacks to northern factories
3. Why did both southern elites and northern Democrats denounce the Freedman’s Bureau?
a. It required freed blacks to occupy elected positions.
b. It offered charity instead of wage opportunities.
c. It represented federal infringement on the rights of states.
d. It hindered job opportunities for white men.
[c]
4. In what year was Lincoln assassinated?
a. 1863
b. 1865
c. 1866
d. 1867
[b]
5. Besides Lincoln, who else was a victim of the assassination plot?
a. William Seward
b. General Sherman
c. Edwin Stanton
d. Andrew Johnson
[a]
6. Where did most exiled Confederates tend to relocate after the Civil War?
a. California
b. Mexico
c. Brazil
d. Canada
[c]
7. Following the end of the Civil War, most southern women
a. were on equal footing with Southern men.
b. fought for social changes that would elevate their status.
c. returned to traditional gender roles.
d. became more involved in politics.
[c]
8. Which of the following statements best describes the attitude of southern whites following emancipation?
a. Southern whites fully accepted emancipation once the defeat of the South was inevitable.
b. Once emancipation was unavoidable, southern whites worked to establish white supremacy.
c. Southern whites encouraged blacks to pursue elected office.
d. Southern whites implemented property holding restrictions on blacks for voting
purposes.
[b]
9. How did Jamaica provide America with a lesson in emancipation?
a. Emancipation in Jamaica occurred with little bloodshed.
b. Both countries felt justified in curtailing black rights.
c. Jamaican elites provided American southerner whites with the argument of
scientific consensus to justify white racial superiority.
d. Most Americans agreed freed southern slaves had nothing in common with the
slave population of Jamaica.
[c]
10. What was the goal of the radical Republicans?
a. to keep southern society the way it was
b. to curtail black voting rights
c. to make sure there were strict conditions placed on the South’s re-admittance to the Union
d. to allow Southerners “self-reconstruction” [c]
11. What particular aspect of the black codes was the most reprehensible to freed blacks?
a. b. c. d. [b]
voting restrictions
apprenticeship laws
contract limitations
limits on property ownership rights
12. Black codes applied to
a. b. c. d. [c]
only ex-slaves.
only previously freed blacks and ex-slaves.
all blacks and mulattoes, regardless of previous free or slave status. only ex-slaves and mulattoes.
13. By the second half of 1865, most northerners were upset with Johnson because
a. he was not doing enough toward reconstruction.
b. he wanted to remake southern society.
c. he supported southern ideology that re-admittance should be painless.
d. he was too tough on readmitting requirements for the southern states.
[c]
14. How did Congress complicate the process of Reconstruction at the end of 1865?
a. It refused to seat elected southern delegates.
b. It passed legislation upholding black codes.
c. It refused to go into session until Reconstruction was settled.
d. It was evenly divided in its support of, and opposition to Johnson’s Reconstruction plan.
[a]
15. What was the political make up of Congress in 1865?
a. b. c. d. [d]
Congress was evenly split between Democrats and Republicans. Congress was made up of a Republican House with a Democratic Senate. Congress was made up of a Democratic House with a Republican Senate. It was overwhelmingly Republican.
16. Who was responsible for initiating the Civil Rights Act? a. Lyman Trumball
b. President Johnson
c. John Logan
d. Henry Clay
[a]
17. What was President Johnson’s position on the Civil Rights Act?
a. b. c.
d. [c]
He agreed it was necessary and supported it.
He agreed it was necessary but politically he could not support it.
He vetoed it because he argued that it gave black Americans equality under the law at the expense of whites.
He had no opinion on the Act.
18. What was the main question the Republicans had regarding the 14th and 15th amendments?
a. Is it appropriate for the federal government to safeguard individual rights?
b. Would the passage of these amendments further alienate southern whites?
c. Should women be included?
d. Would Republicans lose their majority in Congress?
[a]
19. Besides the question of citizenship, what else did the 14th Amendment address?
a. protection of freed people’s political rights
b. debts of the ex-Confederate states
c. protection of freed people’s personal rights
d. inclusion of freed blacks in political positions
[b]
20. What partisan political considerations entered into the discussion of the 14th Amendment?
a. b. c. d. [c]
The deletion of the 3/5 clause would hurt southern representation in the House. Enfranchising black men would be advantageous to Democrats.
Enfranchising black men would be advantageous to Republicans. Enfranchising naturalized residents would create a new political party.
21. What made the post-Civil War amendments different from the Bill of Rights?
a.
b. c.
d. [a]
The post-Civil War amendments grant Congress the power to legislate individual rights.
The post-Civil War amendments protect people from government action.
The post-Civil War amendments were unanimously endorsed by Congress and the President.
The post-Civil War amendments did not require state approval for passage.
22. How did the Reconstruction Acts affect ex-Confederate states?
a. They made it easier for the states to get back in the Union.
b. The southern states were divided into districts run by former Union generals.
c. They gave states the right to control election laws.
d. Southern states were realigned to increase their representation in the House.
[b]
23. What caused the House of Representatives to impeach President Johnson?
a. b. c. d. [a]
He violated the Tenure of Office Act.
He violated the Civil Rights Amendments. He violated the Reconstruction Acts.
He was accused of bribery.
24. What was the Republican strategy for political success during Reconstruction?
a. b. c. d. [d]
keep southern whites happy
maintain control of northern states
look to the western territories for support retain full support of African Americans
25. Which of these groups or institutions did NOT play an important role in building free black communities?
a. b. c. d. [c]
black church communities black-owned businesses black-owned banks
black women’s groups
26. An new introduction, meant to help establish a new life for free blacks, that was supported by both free blacks and northerners was
a. literacy.
b. religion.
c. sharecropping.
d. land ownership.
[a]
27. “Juneteenth” celebrations originated as acknowledgments of
a. the passage of the 13th amendment.
b. the birth of Abraham Lincoln.
c. the end of the Civil War.
d. the end of Reconstruction.
[c]
28. What action did Congress take to address the activities of the Ku Klux Klan?
a. b. c. d. [a]
established the Department of Justice
arrested and prosecuted the leaders of the Klan
urged local governments to prosecute Klan members through local laws nothing
29. What was the outcome of the legal decision in Cruikshank v. U.S.?
a. b.
c. d. [b]
It reinforced the civil rights of black citizens.
It severely weakened the ability to prosecute civil rights violations under the 14th amendment.
It punished the leaders of the Colfax Massacre.
It signaled that any violation of a person’s civil rights would not be tolerated.
30. Southerners who wanted economic development hoped to achieve it through the establishment of
a. industry.
b. shipbuilding.
c. railroads.
d. telegraphs.
[c]
1. Which
a. Robert Frost
American poet famously memorialized the assassination of Lincoln in poetry?
b. Walt Whitman
c. Alfred Lloyd Tennyson
d. Stephen Foster
[b]
2. Which
a. blurring of gender roles
of the following was a change that occurred in Southern society?
b. more equality within the social hierarchy
c. men lost their head of household status
d. women gained more power in business decisions
[a]
3. Where
a. South Africa
did the Morant Bay Rebellion take place? b. Cuba
c. Jamaica d. Haiti [c]
4. The first Civil Rights Act, designed to protect the rights of citizens, was passed in
a. 1864.
b. 1866.
c. 1867.
d. 1868.
[b]
5. Post-Civil War America can best be described as
a. a time when executive power increased.
b. a time when judicial power increased.
c. a time when legislative power increased.
d. the era of states’ rights.
[c]
6. As a dedicated proponent of federal protection for individual rights, Thaddeus Stevens suggested which of the following ideas?
a. return of ex-Confederate states to the Union unpunished
b. redistribution of southern land holdings to former slaves
c. compensation of white slaveholders for their loss
d. moving northern manufacturing to the South to encourage economic development
[b]
7. What was the purpose of the black code laws of 1865?
a. b. c. d. [b]
to ensure freed blacks were given the right to vote by state legislatures to restrict black freedoms
to grant voting rights but not participation in the judicial process
to eliminate any remains of white supremacy
8. How did Republicans hope to increase their viability as a political party?
a. by appealing to white northern businessmen
b. by appealing to enfranchised black voters
c. by raising campaign funds
d. by supporting a southerner for president in the 1868 election
[b]
9. The 15th amendment prohibited denial of the right to vote based solely on a. age.
b. nationality.
c. race.
d. gender. [c]
10. Most of the new members of the Republican Party in the post-Civil War Era were
a. northern white men.
b. southern white men.
c. western men.
d. black men.
[d]
1. Who were the carpetbaggers?
a. Southern whites moving north to get rich
b. Northern whites moving south to get rich
c. Freed blacks moving north to earn a living
d. Freed blacks moving west to earn a living
[b]
2. What was the central campaign issue used by the Democrats in the elections of 1874, 1875 and 1876?
a. morality
b. corruption
c. race
d. taxes
[c]
3. During the 1860s and 1870s, the number one goal of southern Republicans was
a. the education of blacks.
b. economic development.
c. mechanization of plantation agriculture.
d. to rebuild cities.
[b]
4. What do most contemporary historians regard as the reason Congressional Reconstruction failed?
a. At the time, it was not an appropriate response to the situation.
b. It was not properly funded.
c. The federal government did not aggressively respond to southern white resistance.
d. It could never have worked because blacks were not adequately prepared for
emancipation.
[c]
5. What was the purpose of the Union League?
a. b. c. d. [b]
6. Which
a. It created a lucrative global market for cotton.
b. It stunted regional economic expansion.
c. It provided a stepping stone for blacks.
d. It provided a long-term solution to the labor problem in the South.
[b]
Support for black education Support for black politics
To find jobs for freedmen
To provide black-only social events
of the following best describes the sharecropping experience?
7. Which
a. Knights of Labor
of the following superseded the Klan in targeting blacks and their supporters?
b. Enforcement Bureau
c. White League
d. Farmer’s Alliance
[c]
8. Why is the election of 1876 significant in American politics?
a. It began an era of Republican state dominance in the South.
b. It was a landslide for the Democrats in the North.
c. It began an era of Republican presidents that lasted for several decades.
d. It initiated an era of Democratic dominance in the South that continued for most
of the 20th century.
[d]
9. What was one of the first things that President Hayes did when he was elected in 1876? a. Withdrew U.S. troops from the South and ended Reconstruction
b. Encouraged prosecution of Ku Klux Klan leaders
c. Tightened control on southern state governments by sending federal troops to
troubled areas
d. Requested a cease fire from militant white supremacy groups [a]
10. One of the most significant reasons that westward expansion increased following the Civil War was because
a. of the development of the Pony Express.
b. the U.S. military was able to subdue the Indians on the Great Plains.
c. of the completion of the transcontinental railroad.
d. the telegraph lines were expanded.
[c]