<QUESTIONLIST> <QUESTION id='q1' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q2' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q3' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q4' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q5' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q6' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q7' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q8' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q9' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q10' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q11' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q12' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q13' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q14' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q15' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q16' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q17' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q18' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q19' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q20' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q21' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q22' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q23' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q24' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q25' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q26' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q27' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q28' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q29' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q30' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q31' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q32' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q33' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q34' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q35' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q36' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q37' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q38' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q39' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q40' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q41' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q42' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q43' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q44' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q45' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q46' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q47' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q48' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q49' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q50' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q51' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q52' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q53' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q54' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q55' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q56' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q57' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q58' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q59' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q60' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q61' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q62' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q63' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q64' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q65' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q66' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q67' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q68' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q69' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q70' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q71' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q72' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q73' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> </QUESTIONLIST> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q1'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following did not promote the growth of a U.S. rail network?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q1_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Standardized gauge width for tracks]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The use of automatic couplers]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Government sanctions against pools, which were a form of monopoly]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Standardized time zones]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The introduction of air brakes and other safety devices]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q1_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q2'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[What was the status of railroads and railroad owners by 1880?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q2_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[They were stimulating the development of a national market.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[They were consuming 20 percent of the nation's steel.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[They were gaining the acceptance of most Americans, who believed that railroad owners deserved all that they earned.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[They were requesting that the government set up a regulatory commission for their industry.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Both A and C]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q2_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q3'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Railroads remained profitable by doing which of the following?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q3_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Raising rates.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Lowering rates.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Offering rebates to individual travelers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Combining several operating divisions into one that could be more easily managed.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Placing additional cars on each train.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q3_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q4'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following most accurately describes railroads in the late 1800s?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q4_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[They were becoming less expensive to build and operate as knowledge of the industry increased.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[More and more people were becoming millionaires because of their investments in railroads.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The United States had 185,000 miles of track by 1890.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Those who used the railroads for commerce felt that the shipping rates were basically fair.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Train travelers became satisfied with the prices they paid for fares because rates for shippers were so high.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q4_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q5'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the case of Munn v. Illinois, the Supreme Court ruled which of the following was legal?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q5_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Monopolies]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Regulatory commissions]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Pools]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Rebates]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Trusts]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q5_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q6'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[What was the federal government's first attempt to regulate the railroads?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q6_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Passing the Interstate Commerce Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Adopting higher tariffs against foreign competition]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Passing the National Reclamation Act to determine a fair price for railroad services]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Prosecuting railroad magnates such as Cornelius Vanderbilt for abuses]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Passing a law outlawing monopolies]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q6_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q7'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[John D. Rockefeller made his fortune in what sector of the economy?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q7_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Banking]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Railroads]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Steel]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Oil]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Electricity]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q7_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q8'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Andrew Carnegie worked to achieve vertical integration in his business, which is defined as]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q8_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[allowing blacks the same access to jobs as whites.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[working hard to continually become more productive.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[controlling all aspects of an industry.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[building ever larger and taller buildings.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[All of the above]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q8_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q9'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[What was Thomas Edison's most immediately successful invention?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q9_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Incandescent lamp]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Phonograph]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Transformer]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Telephone]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Electric switch]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q9_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q10'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Why did the situation for U.S. workers begin to change by the 1870s?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q10_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Fewer immigrants entered the country, and laborers became more in demand.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Technology began to replace craft skills with machines, with the result that workers were relegated to less skilled areas.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Women and children were treated with more concern than in the past.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Real wages decreased and hours worked per week increased.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Both A and B]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q10_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q11'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which industry was the first to confront large-scale labor issues?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q11_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Oil]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Steel]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The railroad]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Farm equipment]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Textiles]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q11_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q12'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which union embraced women, blacks, and agricultural workers, as well as workers from various skilled crafts?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q12_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[American Federation of Labor]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[National Labor Union]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Knights of Labor]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[American Railway Union]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Ladies Garment Union]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q12_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q13'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The fact that many people associated the Haymarket affair with labor violence resulted in which of the following?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q13_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Losses in membership for most unions.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[A purge of union radicals from leadership positions.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[A complete restructuring of the unions so they would seem more orderly.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Temporary outlawing of national unions.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[All of these]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q13_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q14'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following statements regarding the American Federation of Labor (AFL) is true?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q14_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The AFL became heavily involved in the politics of the time.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The AFL excluded the majority of industrial workers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The AFL embraced immigrant laborers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The AFL never gained more than 100,000 members.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Both B and D]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q14_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q15'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[What English writer advocated applying Charles Darwin's principles of evolution to human existence, i.e., a doctrine known as Social Darwinism?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q15_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Herbert Spencer]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Horatio Alger]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Henry George]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Samuel Gompers]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Lester Frank Ward]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q15_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q16'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following events took place the year after the defeat of Custer at the Battle of Little Big Horn?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q16_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Dawes Severalty Act was passed by Congress.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Chief Joseph unsuccessfully attempted to lead his band of 650 Nez Percé to Canada.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Geronimo led successful Apache raids throughout the Southwest before being exiled to Florida.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Both A and B]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[None of these events took place the year after Custer's defeat.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q16_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q17'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[White settlement on the Great Plains during the 1880s started with which group of settlers?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q17_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Miners]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Farmers]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Cattle ranchers]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Soldiers]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[European immigrants]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q17_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q18'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following statements regarding the cattle industry in the American West is false?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q18_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The cattle boom was relatively short-lived.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The harsh winter of 1886-1887 killed thousands of cattle and the hopes of many investors.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Range wars broke out between cattle ranchers and sheep ranchers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Only one out of every ten cowboys was African American.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[All of these statements are accurate.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q18_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q19'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[What was the intent of the Homestead Act of 1862?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q19_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[To provide settlers with 640-acre tracts of land]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[To encourage settlers to move to the West by providing financial assistance for their move]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[To allow individuals to claim and eventually purchase 160-acre tracts of land]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[To encourage western settlement as a means of solving lingering problems with the Plains Indians]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[None of these]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q19_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q20'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[What Joseph Glidden invention transformed farming in the West?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q20_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The windmill]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Barbed wire]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The cultivator]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The steam-powered thresher]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The tractor]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q20_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q21'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the years following the end of Reconstruction, Redeemers sought to do which of the following?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q21_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Keep the South from becoming industrialized.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Join with Readjusters in fighting for more public services.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Help blacks in the South gain more rights.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Bring urbanization and development to the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Both C and D]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q21_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q22'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following statements regarding industrialization in the South is true?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q22_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the major cotton-producing states, investment in manufacturing increased tenfold from 1869 to 1889.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[By 1880, the South contained about 40,000 miles of railroad tracks.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Southern labor mills were hampered by ever-increasing calls for unionization.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Cotton mill employees often earned about seventy-five cents per day.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[All of these are accurate.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q22_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q23'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following was a problem faced by the South after the Civil War?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q23_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Decimation of its forests with the growth of the lumber industry]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Low wages in its few factories]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[A lack of necessary capital for investment]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Both A and B]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Both B and C]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q23_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q24'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[For African Americans in the South, the post-Reconstruction era included]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q24_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[an increase in tenant farming and sharecropping.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[an increase in violence.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[an increase in segregation laws.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[continuing discrimination.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[All of these]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q24_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q25'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Who is the person credited with inventing Coca Cola?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q25_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Asa Candler]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[John Pemberton]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[James Morgan]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Thomas Edison]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Joseph Glidden]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q25_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q26'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following was not a popular leisure activity in the 1880s?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q26_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Baseball]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Vaudeville]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Football]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA["Buffalo Bill" traveling shows]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Circuses]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q26_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q27'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[During the late nineteenth century, wealthy businessmen created private universities, including which of the following?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q27_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Stanford]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Yale]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Harvard]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Dartmouth]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Princeton]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q27_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q28'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which act established the civil service system?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q28_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Emergency Powers Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Pendleton Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Hepburn Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Government Reorganization Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Civil Rights Act of 1875]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q28_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q29'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following events about the Election of 1884 is not accurate?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q29_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Grover Cleveland was the presidential nominee for the Democrats.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[James B. Blaine was the presidential nominee for the Republicans.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Both presidential candidates were plagued by rumors of scandal and corruption.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Republican candidate won the popular vote but lost the electoral vote.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Democratic candidate won the popular vote and the electoral vote.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q29_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q30'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following statements regarding the U.S. attempt to dominate the West, at the expense of Native Americans, is true?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q30_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Geronimo raided throughout the Southwest for two years during the early 1880s before he was captured and executed.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Chief Joseph led a band of about 650 Nez Percé toward Canada in 1877, but their attempt to migrate there was thwarted.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Implementation of the Dawes Act resulted in the selling of 200 million acres of Indian land that was set aside for reservations to white settlers and speculators.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[All of these]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[None of these]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q30_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q31'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following inventions made its debut last?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q31_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The phonograph]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q31_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Kodak camera]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q31_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The telephone]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q31_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The typewriter]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q31_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q32'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following acts, which were designed to facilitate settlement on the Great Plains or in the West, was passed first?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q32_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Timber and Stone Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q32_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Homestead Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q32_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Desert Land Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q32_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Westward Expansion Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q32_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q33'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Federal land grants to railroads totaled well over 130 million acres, in addition to other state and federal assistance of nearly $500 million.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q33_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q33_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q33_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q34'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Rebates were railroad discounts given to passengers who used a particular rail company for frequent business travel.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q34_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q34_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q34_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q35'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The founder of the Standard Oil Company was J. P. Morgan.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q35_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q35_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q35_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q36'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Bessemer process in steel making was the favored means of producing steel rails.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q36_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q36_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q36_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q37'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[New immigrants to the United States in the 1870s provided much of the unskilled labor in U.S. factories.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q37_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q37_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q37_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q38'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Nearly 50,000 children under the age of sixteen were working in U.S. factories in 1880.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q38_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q38_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q38_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q39'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Knights of Labor advocated both stronger unions and less government intervention in business.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q39_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q39_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q39_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q40'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Nez Percé tribe and its leader, Chief Joseph, managed to avoid reservation life by fleeing Oregon and escaping to Canada.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q40_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q40_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q40_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q41'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In 1880, southern farmers produced between 5 and 6 million bales of cotton.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q41_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q41_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q41_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q42'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: A regulated width for all railroad tracks across the nation, finalized in 1886; after that time, trains could use all tracks interchangeably]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q42_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[standard gauge]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q43'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Name given by critics to businessmen such as Cornelius Vanderbilt and Andrew Carnegie, who were known for their ruthless methods]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q43_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[robber barons]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q44'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: State agencies that became prevalent after the Civil War; their purpose was to establish standard operating practices for railroads]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q44_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[railroad commissions]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q45'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Case in which the Supreme Court ruled that states were within their rights to regulate railroad rates]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q45_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Munn v. Illinois]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q46'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Five-member commission established to investigate complaints of railroad misconduct and suits against companies]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q46_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Interstate Commerce Commission]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q47'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Founder of the Standard Oil Company, and one of the richest men in the United States]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q47_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[John D. Rockefeller]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q48'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Business arrangements in which investors joined together and created a board to oversee the company]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q48_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[trusts]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q49'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Scottish immigrant who grew wealthy in the steel industry; he was the personification of the self-made man]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q49_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Andrew Carnegie]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q50'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Business practice involving gaining control of all aspects of a particular industry (for example, Carnegie controlling everything from iron extraction to steel production to distribution of the finished product)]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q50_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[vertical integration]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q51'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: U.S. inventor, most recognized for his development of an incandescent lamp, which led to the development of electricity]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q51_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Thomas Alva Edison]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q52'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Early union organized and led by Terrence Powderly, and noted for including not only skilled workers but also agricultural workers and women]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q52_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Knights of Labor]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q53'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Chicago protest of the treatment of strikers at the McCormick Reaper Company; when violence erupted and several people were killed, many Americans became alarmed and began to turn away from unions]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q53_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Haymarket Riot]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q54'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Union led by Samuel Gompers and aimed at organizing only craftspeople and skilled workers; it was one of the country's most successful early unions]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q54_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[American Federation of Labor]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q55'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Writer noted for his optimistic rags-to-riches stories in the late 1800s]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q55_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Horatio Alger]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q56'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: 1887 law that attempted to divide Indian reservations into farm sites, educate native children in "American" ways, and thus provide citizenship to those who changed their culture]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q56_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Dawes Severalty Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q57'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Allowed people to homestead 160-acre tracts in the West; the act was not successful because farmers in the arid West needed many more acres to have much chance of making a living]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q57_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Homestead Act of 1862]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q58'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Inventor of barbed wire in 1873, which allowed fencing to transform the face of the American West]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q58_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Joseph Glidden]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q59'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Those who took over state governments in the South after Reconstruction, and who believed they had saved, or redeemed, the South from a disastrous foray into multiracial politics]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q59_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Redeemers]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q60'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Term used by southerners who pushed for the South to industrialize so it could advance economically]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q60_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[New South]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q61'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Southern farmer who owned no land but worked for a landowner; his wages were a percentage of the crop he produced, and he was perpetually in debt and tied to the landowner]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q61_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[sharecropper]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q62'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Atlanta druggist who became famous for inventing Coca Cola]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q62_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[John Pemberton]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q63'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Author who wrote under the pen name of Mark Twain; he vividly captured images of a vanishing America along the Mississippi River.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q63_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Samuel L. Clemens]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q64'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Tax placed on goods imported into the United States, usually for the purpose of making U.S. products more attractive than foreign goods]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q64_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[protective tariff]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q65'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Law passed to reform the spoils system; created a civil service system and changed the way political contributions could be made]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q65_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Pendleton Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q66'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Elected president in 1880, he was assassinated by an upset office seeker early in his presidency]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q66_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[James A. Garfield]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q67'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Describe the growth of the railroad industry in the United States during the 1800s. Assess its importance to the development of the country, including its impact on business, farmers, and ordinary Americans. Discuss some of the major complaints against the early railroads and examine steps taken by the federal government during this period to try to regulate the railroads and stop abuses. Evaluate the government's response.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q67_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Answers will vary.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q68'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify and discuss the contribution of the major industrialists and inventors of the late 1800s, assessing the importance of each to the industry with which he or she is associated. Explain how and to what extent Standard Oil and Carnegie Steel practiced horizontal and vertical integration, respectively. Identify the methods that Rockefeller and Carnegie used to strangle competition and hold down costs, and describe the impact that oil and steel had on the U.S. economy. How accurate do you feel the term robber barons was for such people? Explain.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q68_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Answers will vary.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q69'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Describe how labor changed for skilled workers in the late nineteenth century, and discuss workers' reactions to such changes.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q69_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Answers will vary.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q70'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Describe the development and growth of early labor unions such as the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor. Compare and contrast the goals, strengths, and weaknesses of these two late nineteenth-century unions.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q70_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Answers will vary.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q71'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Describe the settlement of the West. Focus on the treatment of Native Americans, with regard to cattle ranching, mining, and farming. Explain the developments that made farming on the Great Plains possible, and describe life on a typical farm.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q71_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Answers will vary.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q72'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Describe the economic and social changes that took place in the South during the late nineteenth century.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q72_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Answers will vary.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q73'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Describe developments in American art, literature, and popular culture during the 1880s.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q73_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Answers will vary.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION

<QUESTIONLIST> <QUESTION id='q1' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q2' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q3' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q4' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q5' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q6' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q7' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q8' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q9' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q10' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q11' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q12' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q13' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q14' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q15' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q16' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q17' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q18' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q19' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q20' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q21' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q22' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q23' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q24' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q25' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q26' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q27' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q28' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q29' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q30' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q31' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q32' class='QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q33' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q34' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q35' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q36' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q37' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q38' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q39' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q40' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q41' class='QUESTION_TRUEFALSE' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q42' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q43' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q44' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q45' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q46' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q47' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q48' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q49' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q50' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q51' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q52' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q53' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q54' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q55' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q56' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q57' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q58' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q59' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q60' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q61' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q62' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q63' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q64' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q65' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q66' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q67' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q68' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q69' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q70' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q71' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q72' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> <QUESTION id='q73' class='QUESTION_ESSAY' points='1'/> </QUESTIONLIST> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q1'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following did not promote the growth of a U.S. rail network?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q1_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Standardized gauge width for tracks]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The use of automatic couplers]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Government sanctions against pools, which were a form of monopoly]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Standardized time zones]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q1_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The introduction of air brakes and other safety devices]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q1_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q2'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[What was the status of railroads and railroad owners by 1880?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q2_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[They were stimulating the development of a national market.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[They were consuming 20 percent of the nation's steel.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[They were gaining the acceptance of most Americans, who believed that railroad owners deserved all that they earned.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[They were requesting that the government set up a regulatory commission for their industry.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q2_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Both A and C]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q2_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q3'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Railroads remained profitable by doing which of the following?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q3_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Raising rates.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Lowering rates.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Offering rebates to individual travelers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Combining several operating divisions into one that could be more easily managed.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q3_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Placing additional cars on each train.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q3_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q4'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following most accurately describes railroads in the late 1800s?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q4_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[They were becoming less expensive to build and operate as knowledge of the industry increased.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[More and more people were becoming millionaires because of their investments in railroads.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The United States had 185,000 miles of track by 1890.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Those who used the railroads for commerce felt that the shipping rates were basically fair.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q4_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Train travelers became satisfied with the prices they paid for fares because rates for shippers were so high.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q4_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q5'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the case of Munn v. Illinois, the Supreme Court ruled which of the following was legal?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q5_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Monopolies]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Regulatory commissions]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Pools]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Rebates]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q5_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Trusts]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q5_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q6'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[What was the federal government's first attempt to regulate the railroads?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q6_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Passing the Interstate Commerce Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Adopting higher tariffs against foreign competition]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Passing the National Reclamation Act to determine a fair price for railroad services]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Prosecuting railroad magnates such as Cornelius Vanderbilt for abuses]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q6_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Passing a law outlawing monopolies]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q6_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q7'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[John D. Rockefeller made his fortune in what sector of the economy?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q7_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Banking]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Railroads]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Steel]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Oil]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q7_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Electricity]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q7_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q8'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Andrew Carnegie worked to achieve vertical integration in his business, which is defined as]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q8_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[allowing blacks the same access to jobs as whites.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[working hard to continually become more productive.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[controlling all aspects of an industry.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[building ever larger and taller buildings.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q8_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[All of the above]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q8_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q9'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[What was Thomas Edison's most immediately successful invention?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q9_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Incandescent lamp]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Phonograph]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Transformer]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Telephone]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q9_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Electric switch]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q9_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q10'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Why did the situation for U.S. workers begin to change by the 1870s?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q10_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Fewer immigrants entered the country, and laborers became more in demand.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Technology began to replace craft skills with machines, with the result that workers were relegated to less skilled areas.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Women and children were treated with more concern than in the past.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Real wages decreased and hours worked per week increased.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q10_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Both A and B]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q10_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q11'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which industry was the first to confront large-scale labor issues?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q11_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Oil]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Steel]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The railroad]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Farm equipment]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q11_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Textiles]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q11_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q12'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which union embraced women, blacks, and agricultural workers, as well as workers from various skilled crafts?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q12_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[American Federation of Labor]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[National Labor Union]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Knights of Labor]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[American Railway Union]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q12_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Ladies Garment Union]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q12_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q13'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The fact that many people associated the Haymarket affair with labor violence resulted in which of the following?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q13_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Losses in membership for most unions.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[A purge of union radicals from leadership positions.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[A complete restructuring of the unions so they would seem more orderly.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Temporary outlawing of national unions.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q13_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[All of these]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q13_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q14'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following statements regarding the American Federation of Labor (AFL) is true?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q14_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The AFL became heavily involved in the politics of the time.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The AFL excluded the majority of industrial workers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The AFL embraced immigrant laborers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The AFL never gained more than 100,000 members.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q14_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Both B and D]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q14_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q15'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[What English writer advocated applying Charles Darwin's principles of evolution to human existence, i.e., a doctrine known as Social Darwinism?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q15_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Herbert Spencer]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Horatio Alger]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Henry George]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Samuel Gompers]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q15_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Lester Frank Ward]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q15_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q16'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following events took place the year after the defeat of Custer at the Battle of Little Big Horn?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q16_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Dawes Severalty Act was passed by Congress.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Chief Joseph unsuccessfully attempted to lead his band of 650 Nez Percé to Canada.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Geronimo led successful Apache raids throughout the Southwest before being exiled to Florida.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Both A and B]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q16_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[None of these events took place the year after Custer's defeat.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q16_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q17'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[White settlement on the Great Plains during the 1880s started with which group of settlers?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q17_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Miners]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Farmers]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Cattle ranchers]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Soldiers]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q17_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[European immigrants]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q17_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q18'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following statements regarding the cattle industry in the American West is false?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q18_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The cattle boom was relatively short-lived.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The harsh winter of 1886-1887 killed thousands of cattle and the hopes of many investors.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Range wars broke out between cattle ranchers and sheep ranchers.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Only one out of every ten cowboys was African American.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q18_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[All of these statements are accurate.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q18_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q19'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[What was the intent of the Homestead Act of 1862?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q19_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[To provide settlers with 640-acre tracts of land]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[To encourage settlers to move to the West by providing financial assistance for their move]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[To allow individuals to claim and eventually purchase 160-acre tracts of land]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[To encourage western settlement as a means of solving lingering problems with the Plains Indians]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q19_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[None of these]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q19_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q20'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[What Joseph Glidden invention transformed farming in the West?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q20_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The windmill]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Barbed wire]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The cultivator]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The steam-powered thresher]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q20_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The tractor]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q20_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q21'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the years following the end of Reconstruction, Redeemers sought to do which of the following?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q21_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Keep the South from becoming industrialized.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Join with Readjusters in fighting for more public services.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Help blacks in the South gain more rights.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Bring urbanization and development to the South.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q21_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Both C and D]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q21_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q22'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following statements regarding industrialization in the South is true?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q22_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[In the major cotton-producing states, investment in manufacturing increased tenfold from 1869 to 1889.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[By 1880, the South contained about 40,000 miles of railroad tracks.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Southern labor mills were hampered by ever-increasing calls for unionization.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Cotton mill employees often earned about seventy-five cents per day.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q22_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[All of these are accurate.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q22_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q23'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following was a problem faced by the South after the Civil War?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q23_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Decimation of its forests with the growth of the lumber industry]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Low wages in its few factories]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[A lack of necessary capital for investment]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Both A and B]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q23_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Both B and C]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q23_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q24'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[For African Americans in the South, the post-Reconstruction era included]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q24_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[an increase in tenant farming and sharecropping.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[an increase in violence.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[an increase in segregation laws.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[continuing discrimination.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q24_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[All of these]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q24_a5'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q25'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Who is the person credited with inventing Coca Cola?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q25_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Asa Candler]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[John Pemberton]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[James Morgan]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Thomas Edison]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q25_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Joseph Glidden]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q25_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q26'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following was not a popular leisure activity in the 1880s?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q26_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Baseball]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Vaudeville]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Football]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA["Buffalo Bill" traveling shows]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q26_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Circuses]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q26_a3'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q27'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[During the late nineteenth century, wealthy businessmen created private universities, including which of the following?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q27_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Stanford]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Yale]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Harvard]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Dartmouth]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q27_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Princeton]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q27_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q28'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which act established the civil service system?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q28_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Emergency Powers Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Pendleton Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Hepburn Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Government Reorganization Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q28_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Civil Rights Act of 1875]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q28_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q29'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following events about the Election of 1884 is not accurate?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q29_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Grover Cleveland was the presidential nominee for the Democrats.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[James B. Blaine was the presidential nominee for the Republicans.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Both presidential candidates were plagued by rumors of scandal and corruption.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Republican candidate won the popular vote but lost the electoral vote.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q29_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Democratic candidate won the popular vote and the electoral vote.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q29_a4'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q30'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following statements regarding the U.S. attempt to dominate the West, at the expense of Native Americans, is true?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q30_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Geronimo raided throughout the Southwest for two years during the early 1880s before he was captured and executed.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Chief Joseph led a band of about 650 Nez Percé toward Canada in 1877, but their attempt to migrate there was thwarted.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Implementation of the Dawes Act resulted in the selling of 200 million acres of Indian land that was set aside for reservations to white settlers and speculators.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[All of these]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q30_a5' position='5'> <TEXT><![CDATA[None of these]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q30_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q31'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following inventions made its debut last?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q31_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The phonograph]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q31_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Kodak camera]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q31_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The telephone]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q31_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[The typewriter]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q31_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE id='q32'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Which of the following acts, which were designed to facilitate settlement on the Great Plains or in the West, was passed first?]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q32_a1' position='1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Timber and Stone Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q32_a2' position='2'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Homestead Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q32_a3' position='3'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Desert Land Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q32_a4' position='4'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Westward Expansion Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q32_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_MULTIPLECHOICE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q33'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Federal land grants to railroads totaled well over 130 million acres, in addition to other state and federal assistance of nearly $500 million.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q33_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q33_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q33_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q34'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Rebates were railroad discounts given to passengers who used a particular rail company for frequent business travel.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q34_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q34_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q34_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q35'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The founder of the Standard Oil Company was J. P. Morgan.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q35_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q35_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q35_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q36'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Bessemer process in steel making was the favored means of producing steel rails.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q36_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q36_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q36_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q37'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[New immigrants to the United States in the 1870s provided much of the unskilled labor in U.S. factories.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q37_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q37_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q37_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q38'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Nearly 50,000 children under the age of sixteen were working in U.S. factories in 1880.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q38_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q38_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q38_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q39'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Knights of Labor advocated both stronger unions and less government intervention in business.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q39_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q39_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q39_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q40'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[The Nez Percé tribe and its leader, Chief Joseph, managed to avoid reservation life by fleeing Oregon and escaping to Canada.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q40_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q40_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q40_a2'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_TRUEFALSE id='q41'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[In 1880, southern farmers produced between 5 and 6 million bales of cotton.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q41_a1'> <TEXT>True</TEXT> </ANSWER> <ANSWER id='q41_a2'> <TEXT>False</TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> <CORRECTANSWER answer_id='q41_a1'/> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_TRUEFALSE> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q42'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: A regulated width for all railroad tracks across the nation, finalized in 1886; after that time, trains could use all tracks interchangeably]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q42_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[standard gauge]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q43'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Name given by critics to businessmen such as Cornelius Vanderbilt and Andrew Carnegie, who were known for their ruthless methods]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q43_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[robber barons]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q44'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: State agencies that became prevalent after the Civil War; their purpose was to establish standard operating practices for railroads]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q44_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[railroad commissions]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q45'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Case in which the Supreme Court ruled that states were within their rights to regulate railroad rates]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q45_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Munn v. Illinois]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q46'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Five-member commission established to investigate complaints of railroad misconduct and suits against companies]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q46_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Interstate Commerce Commission]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q47'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Founder of the Standard Oil Company, and one of the richest men in the United States]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q47_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[John D. Rockefeller]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q48'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Business arrangements in which investors joined together and created a board to oversee the company]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q48_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[trusts]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q49'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Scottish immigrant who grew wealthy in the steel industry; he was the personification of the self-made man]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q49_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Andrew Carnegie]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q50'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Business practice involving gaining control of all aspects of a particular industry (for example, Carnegie controlling everything from iron extraction to steel production to distribution of the finished product)]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q50_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[vertical integration]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q51'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: U.S. inventor, most recognized for his development of an incandescent lamp, which led to the development of electricity]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q51_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Thomas Alva Edison]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q52'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Early union organized and led by Terrence Powderly, and noted for including not only skilled workers but also agricultural workers and women]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q52_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Knights of Labor]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q53'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Chicago protest of the treatment of strikers at the McCormick Reaper Company; when violence erupted and several people were killed, many Americans became alarmed and began to turn away from unions]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q53_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Haymarket Riot]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q54'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Union led by Samuel Gompers and aimed at organizing only craftspeople and skilled workers; it was one of the country's most successful early unions]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q54_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[American Federation of Labor]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q55'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Writer noted for his optimistic rags-to-riches stories in the late 1800s]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q55_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Horatio Alger]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q56'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: 1887 law that attempted to divide Indian reservations into farm sites, educate native children in "American" ways, and thus provide citizenship to those who changed their culture]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q56_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Dawes Severalty Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q57'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Allowed people to homestead 160-acre tracts in the West; the act was not successful because farmers in the arid West needed many more acres to have much chance of making a living]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q57_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Homestead Act of 1862]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q58'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Inventor of barbed wire in 1873, which allowed fencing to transform the face of the American West]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q58_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Joseph Glidden]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q59'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Those who took over state governments in the South after Reconstruction, and who believed they had saved, or redeemed, the South from a disastrous foray into multiracial politics]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q59_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Redeemers]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q60'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Term used by southerners who pushed for the South to industrialize so it could advance economically]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q60_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[New South]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q61'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Southern farmer who owned no land but worked for a landowner; his wages were a percentage of the crop he produced, and he was perpetually in debt and tied to the landowner]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q61_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[sharecropper]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q62'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Atlanta druggist who became famous for inventing Coca Cola]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q62_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[John Pemberton]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q63'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Author who wrote under the pen name of Mark Twain; he vividly captured images of a vanishing America along the Mississippi River.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q63_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Samuel L. Clemens]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q64'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Tax placed on goods imported into the United States, usually for the purpose of making U.S. products more attractive than foreign goods]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q64_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[protective tariff]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q65'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Law passed to reform the spoils system; created a civil service system and changed the way political contributions could be made]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q65_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Pendleton Act]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q66'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify: Elected president in 1880, he was assassinated by an upset office seeker early in his presidency]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q66_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[James A. Garfield]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q67'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Describe the growth of the railroad industry in the United States during the 1800s. Assess its importance to the development of the country, including its impact on business, farmers, and ordinary Americans. Discuss some of the major complaints against the early railroads and examine steps taken by the federal government during this period to try to regulate the railroads and stop abuses. Evaluate the government's response.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q67_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Answers will vary.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q68'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Identify and discuss the contribution of the major industrialists and inventors of the late 1800s, assessing the importance of each to the industry with which he or she is associated. Explain how and to what extent Standard Oil and Carnegie Steel practiced horizontal and vertical integration, respectively. Identify the methods that Rockefeller and Carnegie used to strangle competition and hold down costs, and describe the impact that oil and steel had on the U.S. economy. How accurate do you feel the term robber barons was for such people? Explain.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q68_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Answers will vary.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q69'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Describe how labor changed for skilled workers in the late nineteenth century, and discuss workers' reactions to such changes.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q69_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Answers will vary.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q70'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Describe the development and growth of early labor unions such as the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor. Compare and contrast the goals, strengths, and weaknesses of these two late nineteenth-century unions.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q70_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Answers will vary.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q71'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Describe the settlement of the West. Focus on the treatment of Native Americans, with regard to cattle ranching, mining, and farming. Explain the developments that made farming on the Great Plains possible, and describe life on a typical farm.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q71_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Answers will vary.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q72'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Describe the economic and social changes that took place in the South during the late nineteenth century.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q72_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Answers will vary.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> <QUESTION_ESSAY id='q73'> <BODY> <TEXT><![CDATA[Describe developments in American art, literature, and popular culture during the 1880s.]]></TEXT> <FLAGS> <ISHTML value='true'/> <ISNEWLINELITERAL value='false'/> </FLAGS> </BODY> <ANSWER id='q73_a1'> <TEXT><![CDATA[Answers will vary.]]></TEXT> </ANSWER> <GRADABLE> </GRADABLE> </QUESTION_ESSAY> </POOL>