section_0 Section Pool Subsection Multiple Choice false none vertical false 121 0.0 2d998916-10cb-44c6-b308-4baf67965dbc Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Why was it important to Augustus to retain the outward trappings of the republican state?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> f9f6b139-9d9e-4282-af49-67b2cb4099b9 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">How would you characterize Augustus’s social policies? What goals were his policies meant to achieve?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> d3645a30-96bf-43f5-a995-650fc188f7d0 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">How much credit, if any, does Augustus deserve for what is referred to as the <i>Pax Romana</i>, the "Roman peace"?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> c85a0c9a-b5e7-4dbc-a2e1-d44e7523ab43 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">How does the literature of the late Republic, the Augustan Age, and the Early Empire reflect the political problems of each period?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> bd4deeda-ceca-4073-832e-723da052fdbd Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">In what ways did imperial governance in the Age of Augustus and the Early Empire address the problems and weaknesses that led to the collapse of the Republic?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> cb5596e5-3f63-41bf-a0af-b8bc4995af57 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Define “Romanization.” In what areas and with what social groups was Romanization most complete? Why?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 352cd436-ba56-4cbf-b057-1b54558c8f6c Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What accounts for the prosperity of the early empire? In your opinion, what factor was most important? Why?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 5d93c802-6ac6-40c5-bf69-4610e0d19980 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Assume that you are a Roman citizen living in Rome in the second century C.E. Discuss both the potential good and bad aspects of your daily existence.</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 90506a1d-3c84-4215-81c7-cdc61aea95c4 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">It has been said of the Romans that two of their major contributions to Western civilization were in the areas of law and engineering. What exactly did the Romans achieve in each area?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> db34c733-d257-4ee8-801a-173225c8283c Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The historian Edward Gibbon claimed that the Roman Empire in second century C.E. was a true Golden Age. What evidence could give credence to Gibbon's argument and what evidence could be given to refute it?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> ca311053-df41-42c9-afe7-8d9c844eabdf Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Explain the factors involved in the spread of Christianity in the Roman Empire. To what groups did Christianity most appeal? Why?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 3139bad0-9391-4468-bddb-f33bf80de167 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What message did Virgil intend to convey to his Roman audience in his epic masterpiece, the <i>Aeneid</i>?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 79cb02dc-6131-4fd1-857f-f0f3fd5fd049 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Compare and contrast the second century and the third century C.E. in the Roman Empire.</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 03028c9c-78b6-4e7e-b3f4-013701bea0a5 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">One historian has said that the Romans became Christians and the Christians became Romans. Is that an accurate assessment of the relationship between Rome and early Christianity? Why or why not?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> de769678-6a85-4287-aacd-a8a1772944ee Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What important changes took place in the Roman family in the first two centuries C.E.?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 3dbae784-8c4c-4dc9-99b4-17738fd445e1 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">How and why did the teachings of Christianity pose a challenge traditional Roman attitudes, values, and lifestyles?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> d753f0a4-5bf3-4c16-9146-18062afbbc02 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Augustus</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> bc3a1550-bf54-47df-b170-b29b0d15854e Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">principate</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 907bf078-8622-4047-991b-eaf71527f691 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><i>pax Romana</i></div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 6d3b062c-bd93-4380-8258-8e25fa48dcf0 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">the imperial cult</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 15ab9f1d-2b39-4825-9883-3b55f5e29ff9 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Horace</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 33773721-cea4-4149-9a8f-a446f7777054 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Julio-Claudians</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> df73eec0-48e0-434c-b345-aae3d63b6a81 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Flavians</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 2ae9952b-4293-4fb4-bc36-94100dff6ee6 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">good emperors</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 660c5c0c-0c8e-4b22-88e1-05e13e2031e6 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">the Silk Road</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 1152ab43-dd4a-4733-82f5-e326aab65bd4 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Seneca</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 0651273f-fc3e-4f15-89c4-705ce8036a5f Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Romanization</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 9d22ede1-6d9e-4b8d-9d52-0d006d886e65 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Tacitus</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 7b0d737a-e239-4899-8434-b17bd555e60a Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">"Bread and Circuses"</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> ab4d3d8e-1502-47ac-a56d-4cd9d439da21 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Pontius Pilate</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 487b1306-e623-4581-b177-bf85931ff786 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Septimius Severus</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> b2efdf8f-4cfc-43d2-88d6-941f38f5cfc2 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Goths and Franks</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 0e98912f-07ca-45a1-95b6-89d49c92a4ba Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Sadducees and Pharisees</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 18be52b0-9f16-4b9a-8fb4-da615af58bab Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Essenes and the Dead Sea Scrolls</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> c049aa82-043c-4312-8611-d797b38236f1 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Zealots</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 7123cec0-bd05-42ad-8ecf-c8095418df44 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Jesus</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 731772f1-fb28-4526-be3b-a7c30d27366b Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Paul of Tarsus</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 6fca2ee6-bb7f-4214-9437-5093cace345c Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">the gospels</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 617b17cb-56cd-49ab-9f01-4dfb26d50c34 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Diocletian</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> af19f7e7-51bc-4c7f-b5ad-aecd6f224ce5 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What happened to the Roman Senate under Augustus?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was stripped of all but the most superficial of powers.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was a full and equal partner of the <i>princeps</i>.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was retained as the chief deliberative body of the Roman state.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was no longer a high court of justice nor allowed to control the public treasury.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was completely dissolved and eliminated.</span> I39_C2 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 e0f00387-0fa5-4de7-92b4-2d7e9562fd94 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Although the Senate granted Octavian the title “Augustus” (revered one), he preferred to be addressed by what title?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;"><i>Pontifex</i></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Dominus</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Overlord</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Senator</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;"><i>Princeps</i></span> I40_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 805a203e-d790-46a7-a7e8-b19e2be3c597 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The absolute monarchical powers of Augustus as <i>princeps</i> led to</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">the usual victory of his candidates in official elections.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">the decline of popular participation in elections.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">his great popularity, as he followed proper legal forms for his power.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">led to the perception that he co-ruled with the Senate.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">All of these are correct.</span> I41_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 7f589360-0893-4b7b-857a-9cf258573ba9 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The colonies of veterans established by Augustus throughout the empire</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">were used exclusively to maintain domestic order within the provinces.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">drained the imperial treasury of its funds and caused financial crisis.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">drew extra criticism to the emperor.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">often rebelled against imperial authority.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">proved especially valuable in Romanizing the provinces.</span> I42_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 758668a6-dad9-48eb-8d0b-790b3b271556 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What was a consequence of the civil wars of the first century B.C.E.?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Roman army was permanently weakened.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Roman government shrank and became more efficient.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Roman army increased in size and become more professional.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Roman government became more democratic and egalitarian.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Roman army disintegrated.</span> I43_C2 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 ce375d92-7b43-4a02-bf9d-bb9d68b1af1c Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which of these was one of Augustus’s accomplishments?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He tripled the state budget surplus.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He returned Rome to its republican roots.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He extended Roman citizenship to all inhabitants of the empire.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He legalized Christianity.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He added considerable new territory to the empire.</span> I44_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 70375db4-772d-4301-a68f-ea5cb1c2136a Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Under the rule of Augustus, the Roman Empire</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">was a principate, with Augustus acting as an equal co-ruler with the Senate.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">returned to its traditional republic institutions.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">turned towards an absolute monarchy, with the <i>princeps</i> overshadowing the Senate.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">experienced a series of civil wars, making Augustus unpopular among the citizenry.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">became an oligarchy, with political power increasingly concentrated in the hands of the Senate.</span> I45_C2 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 d8070c3f-d034-498c-9eee-a8562cae4765 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Who were the Roman praetorian guards?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Elite troops given the task of protecting the emperor</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Mobile units meant to patrol the boundaries of the empire</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Retired veterans often used to train the gladiators</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Cavalry used to spearhead military offensives</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Soldiers stationed along Hadrian's Wall in northern Britain</span> I46_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 52da207b-cd07-487d-bc4e-744044e31ed3 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What was a requirement for membership in the equestrian order?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Senatorial ancestors</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Twenty years of service in the army</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Property valued at 400,000 sesterces</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Written approval from the emperor</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Five years of residence in the city of Rome</span> I47_C2 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 2eddbaa5-b260-4b96-9d7b-f30bd3118f29 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What was the highest Roman social class in the early Roman Empire?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The senatorial class</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The equestrian class</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The consul class</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The royal class</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The magisterial class</span> I48_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 a93195e3-7f01-4f3f-946d-f5b8f613c606 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Concerning social classes during early Roman Empire,</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">provincials were allowed to hold certain high magisterial positions.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">the power of the equestrian class was expanded.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">the Senate was expanded to include 400 equestrians.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">debt slavery was ended as a means to acquire slaves.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">independent farms made up the soldiers in Rome's legions.</span> I49_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 5d2827b6-6523-497f-ab82-6baf42d9029f Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What event curtailed Augustus's expansionist policies?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Senatorial rejection of imperialist policy in 20 B.C.E.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The defeat by Varus in the Teutoburg Forest</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The revolt of the Egyptians in 14 B.C.E.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The successful series of invasions by the Parthians in the east</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The revolt by the Jews in Judea</span> I50_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 1ef1a2d5-8a12-494f-96d6-2826cb43d3d7 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What was one of Augustus’s key innovations in Roman provincial rule?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Abandonment of North Africa</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Division of Roman provinces into those ruled directly by the <i>princeps</i> and the senatorial provinces administered by the Senate</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Use of military governors alone</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Complete revision of provincial tax policies</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Creation of a federal system wherein provincial governors had almost complete power</span> I51_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 093ab51d-79be-4802-920c-34f341b7970c Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Romanization in the Roman Empire</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">varied widely in different areas of the empire in terms of its extent and speed.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">developed first in the lower classes.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">saw Latin illuminate the use of the Greek language in the east.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">never included the practice of allowing local inhabitants to become Roman officials.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">occurred more quickly in the east than the west because of greater urbanization in the east.</span> I52_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 75c58d96-cdf6-4ead-a989-7c87245e27ab Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What was the most important development of the Augustan Age?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Roman economy collapsed.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The imperial order became permanent.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The empire was plunged into civil war.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Romans lost control of the eastern portion of the empire.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Romans conquered the Greeks.</span> I53_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 10a8f18e-d811-4af4-8bf5-403c0a540ca7 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which of the following statements BEST describes the governing of Roman provinces under Augustus?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">efficient, with ex-generals serving as governors and instituting military rule</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">efficient, with legates cooperating with the local elites</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">inefficient, due to the corruption of Roman governors</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">efficient, with all governors receiving one year of training before assuming their positions</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">mostly efficient, although there were numerous local uprisings against Roman rule</span> I54_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 d29cd30a-0176-4926-91c3-997e98c37ddc Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which statement is true of Augustan society?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Popular assemblies of the lower classes continually grew in importance.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Legislation was passed concerning the corruption of morals.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Equestrians gained the upper hand in the political sphere.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Religion was no longer considered important.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The city of Rome, including the Colosseum, was entirely rebuilt.</span> I55_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 23429fc6-e007-4ea3-bee4-86b634723428 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which statement accurately portrays the social classes during the early Roman Empire?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Provincials were allowed to hold certain high magisterial positions.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The power of the equestrian class was expanded.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Senate was expanded to include 400 equestrians.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Debt slavery was ended as a means to acquire slaves.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Independent farms made up the soldiers in Rome's legions.</span> I56_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 86f55dc3-691c-43dc-9eef-ed6029bf4836 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What was one of Augustus's most significant actions in the area of Roman religion?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Destruction of the cults of Augustus and Roma</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Claim to be a god in his own lifetime</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Creation of an imperial cult</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Elimination of all traditional female religious festivals</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Destruction of all of the mystery religions</span> I57_C2 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 9dfe5160-27af-4a16-943b-5e9ed12a27d9 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The Flavian dynasty came to power as a result of</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">an election.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">a civil war.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">a condition of Nero’s last will and testament.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">a coup d’état.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">a slave revolt.</span> I58_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 a3ddaf03-05ec-4609-96b7-050f3c5d9bff Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which city, located on the Tiber, was Rome's chief port?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Venice</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Marseilles</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Milan</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Tiberius</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Ostia</span> I59_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 ea4429bf-1a02-4917-88b8-ba22d6622407 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What was Livy most known for in the Augustan Age?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;"><i>Aeneid</i></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;"><i>Metamophoses</i></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;"><i>Satires</i></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;"><i>Meditations</i></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;"><i>History of Rome</i> in 142 books</span> I60_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 d19dabf8-6bb7-44da-837c-991e5349f65d Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">At its height in the second century, how large was the population of the Roman Empire?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Almost one billion</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Less than four million</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Over 600 million</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Between 30 and 35 million</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">More than 50 million</span> I61_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 6e527081-f1b0-40e9-aa2d-7c0b44de8405 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What is the subject of the <i>Aeneid</i>?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The establishment of Rome</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Punic Wars</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The joys of farming</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Freedom and liberty</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Christian justice</span> I62_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 8ae2aa68-cc5b-43d3-be1f-f1ad860fd87d Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which statement <i>best</i> describes <i>The Art of Love?</i></div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It condemned the loose sexual morals of the Roman upper classes.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It caused great displeasure to Augustus and led to Ovid's eventual exile.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was a guidebook for married women.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was a poetical treatise on romantic love.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was focused spiritual love, not physical love.</span> I63_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 f8bd2dbe-e805-4a87-bf5a-698b555a3b83 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The "golden age" historian Livy is best known for his</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">rejection of Latin prose in favor of Greek poetic forms.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">perception of history in terms of sharp moral lessons.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">factual accuracy and critical judgment toward his sources and Rome's past.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;"><i>written work, Epistles</i>, which portrayed Rome as a degenerate society in a state of collapse.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">depiction of the Trojan Wars, which was the subject of the <i>Aeneid.</i></span> I64_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 e3408273-e35f-4447-95a2-a75040fb4290 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">When Augustus died, who chose his successor?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The army</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Senate</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Augustus himself</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The praetorian guard</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The citizens of Rome through a vote</span> I65_C2 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 43c1280f-14c7-4291-8e79-9ffb0811dfbf Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which statement <i>best</i> describes the Julio-Claudian emperors?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They were all competent rulers.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They varied in ability and effectiveness.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They were responsible for a tremendous amount of social legislation.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They undid all the military reforms of Augustus.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They were all completely incompetent.</span> I66_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 e363649e-0bca-4c1d-977f-cdc4150de8da Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which trend developed during the reigns of the Julio-Claudian emperors?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Emperors took more and more actual ruling power away from the old Senate.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">All efforts to achieve bureaucratic organization of imperial government eventually failed.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Emperors turned over more and more of the daily affairs of government to the Senate.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The power of imperial military forces stationed in Rome declined.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Senate seized political power against the wishes of the weak emperors.</span> I67_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 16b73123-5d23-4d4a-9e02-e21e85c48f65 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Who was the first of the Flavian emperors?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Nero</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Tiberius</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Hadrian</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Caligula</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Vespasian</span> I68_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 7f5b79da-b0c1-4a58-9f32-586a8b66a970 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Hadrian built a defensive wall in which Roman territory?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Dacia</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Arabia</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Mesopotamia</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Britain</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Gaul</span> I69_C3 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 93939f65-4b6e-473a-8bc9-819b1f74561b Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">All of the following occurred during the reigns of the five "good emperors" EXCEPT for</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">the creation of a period of peace lasting approximately 100 years.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">the establishment of educational programs for the poor.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">the halting of imperial bureaucratic growth.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">extensive building programs.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">the development of considerable prosperity.</span> I70_C2 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 cbf6769d-290f-4671-ad70-41e4cd386c1d Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which trait was typical of the average Roman city in the West?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was much larger than the average city in the East.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was politically autonomous.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was inhabited solely by Roman citizens.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It had only a few thousand inhabitants.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It had a unique and distinctive appearance.</span> I71_C3 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 d52f163e-696d-4c7c-9ba2-49c1c92a886f Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which of these legal concepts were developed by the Romans?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Dependent rights</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Equal rights</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Natural rights</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Royal rights</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Fiscal rights</span> I72_C2 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 5d1202b3-3767-49c2-99fd-990cafe13f7a Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What was an important economic trend during the early empire?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Steady drain of gold and silver from the West to the East</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Growing income equality</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Rapid decline in unemployment</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Frequent, and long lasting, economic downturns</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Virtually no inflation</span> I73_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 c80cbcd6-cd35-4387-ae84-d1e8919cbc79 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">With what philosophical school is Seneca most closely associated?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Skepticism</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Cynicism</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Platonism</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Epicureanism</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Stoicism</span> I74_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 eff7e18c-7690-40e0-84b7-2477a7d1fa52 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Who was the greatest historian of the "silver age" of Latin literature?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Petronius</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Tacitus</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Seneca</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Juvenal</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Suetonius</span> I75_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 88554aa7-96f4-40d6-a324-3814b1d14a05 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Trade and commerce in the Early Empire</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">hindered the development of manufacturing.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">was focused mainly in the provinces of Gaul and Britain.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">was secondary in importance to agriculture.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">was unaffected by the building of roads.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">never was as fully developed as it was during the republican period.</span> I76_C2 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 70b08759-b8a7-4778-96b6-e047d821035b Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which "good emperor" was highly interested in philosophy?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Marcus Aurelius</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Nerva</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Trajan</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Hadrian</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Antoninus Pius</span> I77_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 e7c71aa8-45a1-4613-a409-8200d0d1e9a2 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which of these changes in the Roman family occurred during the first two centuries C.E.?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The authority of the paterfamilias was weakened.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Women gained equal rights with men.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Divorce rates skyrocketed.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The number of children born to each Roman family sharply declined.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The authority of the paterfamilias became absolute.</span> I78_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 60fbc6a7-92b8-4f03-a0e5-af4dc9b5860f Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">How many people lived in the city of Rome during the time of Augustus?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">50,000</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">250,000</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">400,000</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">600,000</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">1 million</span> I79_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 3d3ba7e0-1a85-444a-b8eb-c160d165f1c3 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which statement <i>best</i> describes Imperial Rome's gladiatorial shows?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They were increasingly associated with religious practices.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They were government-backed spectacles used to content the masses.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They were limited to fights between slaves and criminals trained at gladiatorial schools.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They paled in popularity to the Circus Maximus.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They were outlawed by Augustus as being in violation of his policy of moral reform.</span> I80_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 a46a8934-f107-4240-93b3-e5faa2a6d514 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What was true of Rome’s <i>insulae</i>?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They housed the city’s wealthiest citizens.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They were made of wood and mud.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They were often poorly built and very dangerous.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They were used primarily for religious ceremonies.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They were seen as a prime example of Roman greatness.</span> I81_C2 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 7485b2fb-f2ee-4bc6-a8d7-8cb81b2da1b7 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which emperor gave Roman citizenship to every free person in the empire?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Caracalla</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Marcus Aurelius</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Hadrian</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Commodus</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Nerva</span> I82_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 b74c75fc-337c-4921-826c-9cc5f9c5052f Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Who was one of the famous jurists of the Early Empire responsible for completing the basic natural rights principles vital to the Western world?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Galen</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Alcon</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Ulpian</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Acilius</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Florian</span> I83_C2 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 53bf5d45-3f83-4930-a272-a7de77d55f16 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Scientific medicine entered the Roman world at</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">the beginning of the Republic.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">the end of the reign of Octavian.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">the beginning of the Christian era.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">the end of the third century B.C.E.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">the behest of Julius Caesar.</span> I84_C3 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 858ee479-07dd-4104-b7e0-677acfcac8ba Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">One of the famous jurists of the Early Empire responsible for completing the basic natural rights principles vital to the Western world was</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Galen.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Alcon.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Ulpian.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Acilius.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Florian.</span> I85_C2 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 a7761868-bd99-4b59-a06d-10d37aa3bd0b Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which statement <i>best</i> describes the upper classes of the Early Empire?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Birthrates increased.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The power of the <i>paterfamilias</i> increased.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Contraception and abortion fell into disfavor.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Divorce was made illegal.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Women had considerable freedom and independence.</span> I86_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 9696328c-304c-47cd-8053-549ba6fdc1f4 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which of these conditions occurred during the third century?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Rome reached the peak of its wealth and power.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Roman population declined dramatically.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Roman imperial system was replaced with republican government.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Trade and small industry both expanded rapidly.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Christianity became the official religion of the empire.</span> I87_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 882993f2-c3e3-407e-88bf-be5887170d7f Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which of these changes took place in the Roman army during the third century?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Non-citizens were excluded from military service.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The army became much more professional.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Military service grew in popularity and prestige.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">More and more barbarians were enlisted in the army.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Army pay steadily rose, attracting many new recruits.</span> I88_C3 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 d76cd78b-eb54-4b8c-84c3-a495ff2bf5f5 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Why did soldiers find the mystery cult of Mithraism so appealing?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was widely practiced by women.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was completely opposed to the practices of Christianity.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It centered on the worship of the gods Roma and Augustus.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was an illegal monotheistic religion</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It provided them with a patron deity.</span> I89_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 edf7525e-21cb-481d-b1a2-a45fbb95103b Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What did the mystery religions promise their followers that traditional Roman religion did not?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Secret teachings</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Prosperity</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Fertility</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Community approval</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Ascension to divine status</span> I90_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 e3e019ae-9f78-428a-af2d-55ed271cc8f0 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Who was the most important figure in early Christianity after Jesus?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Mary Magdalene</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Apostle Peter</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">John the Baptist</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Paul of Tarsus</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Pontius Pilate</span> I91_C3 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 f864a1c6-78dc-47bc-be84-d5e8c0e0aad6 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What does the word "gospel" mean?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Truth</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Love</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The word of Jesus</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">To your health</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Good news</span> I92_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 9b8a2b73-e61c-4082-b580-6b59b7e80e2a Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The early values of Christianity, as exemplified in Jesus' "sermon on the mount,"</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">emphasized devotion to the values of humility, charity, and true brotherly love.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">were similar to those of Greco-Roman civilization.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">emphasized the equality between the earthly and spiritual kingdoms.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">were dependent on the ethical tenets of Mithraism.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">All of these are correct.</span> I93_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 8934d0ff-788f-4a02-8a05-a7aae9bc3f4e Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Who ordered the last great persecution of Christians?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Marcus Aurelius</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Octavian</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Constantine</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Pontius Pilate</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Diocletian</span> I94_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 949494c9-49b0-42f1-9793-32901ad550dd Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which emperor said, "Live in harmony, make the soldiers rich, and don't give a damn for anything else"?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Augustus</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Nero</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Trajan</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Maximilian</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Septimius Severus</span> I95_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 b3b3fcf8-1b06-4615-b67f-83c2692cf53c Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Who did the Essenes believe would save Israel from oppression?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Mithraists</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Zealots</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Persians</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Messiah</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Romans</span> I96_C3 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 5bc1b6b3-150f-4fe7-90ae-3b24b4e39c5d Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Who is considered to be the “second founder of Christianity”?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Paul of Tarsus</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">John the Baptist</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Saint Augustine</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Emperor Constantine</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Saint Peter</span> I97_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 ebfa6c91-7f0f-4314-b4c2-3a838a0a1636 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What was Paul's major contribution to Christianity?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He founded the Christian church at Rome.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He argued that women and men should be equal in all things.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He broadened Christianity’s reach by preaching to Jews and non-Jews alike.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He maintained strict control over individual churches.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He focused on making Rome the central hub of the Christian sect.</span> I98_C2 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 51ea70f2-4fe2-493f-bb39-1bc0a692fa2d Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The "terrible third century" was made terrible by all of the following EXCEPT</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">ignorance of military affairs by the Severan rulers.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">civil wars.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">a series of natural disasters.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">serious inflation and devaluation of coinage.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Germanic invasions.</span> I99_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 8b6096c0-a4a2-4b42-8227-2f931e6bfd32 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The power and responsibilities of the senate increased under the Julio-Claudians.</div> true false false SCORE.max 0.0 0bc2fc03-4163-41da-afa8-dbb77ae47f01 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The five “good emperors” oversaw a period of almost constant war within the empire.</div> true false false SCORE.max 0.0 89c0f500-2e4c-4009-b600-6d377a30bfb6 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Augustus’s successors pursued a policy of imperial retrenchment.</div> true false true SCORE.max 0.0 69abdbc4-0252-4b6e-89e8-91bd1b0c49cd Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Rome and China had little or no knowledge of each other during the imperial period.</div> true false false SCORE.max 0.0 7244022c-0136-493b-bb0d-2b7a4fe35e8e Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Virgil portrayed Aeneas as the ideal Roman.</div> true false true SCORE.max 0.0 4b9f9142-a769-47b8-8e8d-ad5ecf205ed8 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Upper-class Roman women in the early empire saw their freedom and independence curtailed.</div> true false false SCORE.max 0.0 66dd2f60-291a-49a6-97ec-09da51ca5d82 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">There was an enormous gulf between rich and poor in the city of Rome.</div> true false true SCORE.max 0.0 07c08e71-e466-4fdd-9e5c-ff3df84a5b38 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Civil war raged within the Roman Empire for much of the third century.</div> true false true SCORE.max 0.0 6767db99-53e5-44ae-83f8-5fc4aa5b8c42 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The third century saw a notable stabilization of the Roman monetary system.</div> true false false SCORE.max 0.0 17d43611-a1af-4dd7-a462-3cd4a0ba022a Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Christianity proved attractive to all classes in Roman society.</div> true false true SCORE.max 0.0 9085bd18-b0f6-4263-89cd-42bf017f7616 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Augustus added more territory to the Roman Empire than any other single Roman in its history.</div> true false true SCORE.max 0.0 09f0d6c0-b461-4814-b6ba-0bb6778a8eb1 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The praetorian guard came to play an important role in making and deposing emperors.</div> true false true SCORE.max 0.0 e7e9c66a-d6c4-4c0e-bd95-686d777e05a7 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">In the face of overpopulation throughout the empire, Augustus discouraged the growth of large families.</div> true false false SCORE.max 0.0 9c3e418b-5472-40ea-ad68-462c232ed992 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">From its inception, Rome and Romans had a bountiful supply of professional physicians.</div> true false false SCORE.max 0.0 bbd635ed-a85f-4b02-bef4-0b90c36b5c63 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">In the second century, the Pantheon was built, which was one of Rome's greatest buildings, a temple to all the gods.</div> true false true SCORE.max 0.0 5ba0ae50-43cf-409e-a0f6-0b54aae46429 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Because of concerns of security and fear of the possible weakening of traditional Roman values, Roman troops were always kept in isolation and away from the local communities where they were stationed.</div> true false false SCORE.max 0.0 71df9dd0-583b-4d5b-9394-287e9dd1e155 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Much Roman art was created by Greek artists and craftspeople whose work demonstrated the realism and attention to detail prized by the Romans.</div> true false true SCORE.max 0.0 47d8b5c3-8c2d-40d5-ad20-f37942e3f904 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">In the city of Rome, the poor were housed in massive apartment blocks known as "villas."</div> true false false SCORE.max 0.0 76b54929-4872-40ce-8381-f28c6ec0c10c Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The poet Juvenal commented that the only things that concerned Romans were bread and circuses.</div> true false true SCORE.max 0.0 2b95314d-1545-479d-871f-6b6f2556a5a3 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Christianity spread very slowly and remained a minority religion in the Roman Empire by the end of the first century C.E.</div> true false true SCORE.max 0.0 9267d42e-d069-4efc-9eab-74367b024ed5 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The Severan rulers of Rome created a military monarchy.</div> true false true SCORE.max 0.0