section_0 Section Pool Subsection Multiple Choice false none vertical false 121 0.0 fb897677-7bb9-4e25-9cd4-fd01bc752267 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What were the causes and consequences of the growth of slavery in Rome? What impact did reliance on slaves have on government policies, social tensions, and economic development?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 41770b7b-af60-470c-8cf4-0fbdabf24bd5 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which elements of Roman society and political culture were most innovative, and which were the product of Rome’s contact with outside peoples and cultures?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 063e19fe-9209-4a53-829a-9a755ace133a Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The Greek historian Polybius described the Roman government in this fashion: "As for the Roman constitution, it had three elements, each of them possessing sovereign powers; and their respective share of power in the whole state had been regulated with such a scrupulous regard to equality and equilibrium, that no one could say for certain, not even a native, whether the constitution were an aristocracy or democracy or despotism." Is Polybius's description of the early Roman constitution an accurate one? Why or why not? Be specific.</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 7e52d6c5-9bc1-4fce-84cc-1ec073732994 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What similarities were there between the Roman model of the family and the Roman model of the state? What importance might we attach to these similarities?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> dfb6ec54-ceac-4268-9099-dfc10acfd7a8 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">In the "struggle of the orders," what did the plebeians want, and what did they succeed in getting? Can it be said that Rome became a democracy because of this struggle? Why or why not?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> fe28cf7d-4aa4-4a66-af78-19ff508775b4 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Taking into consideration Rome's treatment of Carthage, can Rome's acquisition of an empire be seen as anything more than murder and plunder on a grand scale, or did Rome's empire offer something better to those throughout the Mediterranean who were conquered?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 5ab2e292-d902-4d8d-a39e-9c9c27b363a7 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What advantages and disadvantages did integration into Rome’s empire offer conquered peoples?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> b1a640a2-fcef-4ecd-8bbe-54e7c12b2932 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Compare and contrast Roman religion with the religion of the Greeks. How did Rome’s religion help facilitate its expansion?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 33df666c-c9fa-4b14-9bd9-21af7da11508 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Compare and contrast the Roman family of the Republic with the Greek family of Periclean Athens. Can it be said that women had more rights and freedom in one of these societies than the other? Why or why not?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 13050a6a-bef8-4965-8dd9-280ecdfafe34 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">It has been said that Roman culture was not very original, only a copy of the Greek. Prove or disprove this idea.</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> bb0dc72b-d6b5-4dd5-8831-e22a58035863 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What terms might the Romans have used to describe their own society and culture? What differences did they see between themselves and other peoples?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 5569bfdb-9305-460d-a0da-ec40947e4e60 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What were the causes and the results of the Punic Wars?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 82ee52c2-247b-4f25-9806-14d0cd0a747c Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Discuss the role of the Senate, powerful generals, and politicians in the collapse of the Roman Republic.</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> fdd30e6c-5f20-4c6e-a799-98047dd87194 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Why did the Roman Republic fail?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 64aba67f-786a-44da-a07c-302feab26cee Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Essay <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Was Julius Caesar a man of the common people, or was he a tyrant in the making?</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 422fb775-6aeb-434e-9198-fd22fe5a35a5 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Etruscans</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> dd7766af-f9c7-49a7-aad4-73826b979394 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Latium</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 7151a2eb-166e-4b03-b855-c9709cccf7f3 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Romulus and Remus</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> c5e8da99-390a-40a8-b673-b87eb53dd8bb Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">consuls</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 0356ca5e-d885-4d99-91b7-2113c1480030 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><i>paterfamilias</i></div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> ed534278-60ab-4db9-917e-5b41e1b71650 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">senate</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 5d0200c8-fd69-47d0-aa27-142a07a300f3 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">patricians and plebians</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 4a47b1aa-25a8-4385-87f9-dc0121e94c88 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Struggle of the Orders</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 4720485b-6b6f-4f7a-a748-68b57d7f612a Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Twelve Tables</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 8f4da3cd-a174-4255-ade1-7b297edd1bc7 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">tribunes of the plebs</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> ab386a06-b573-4cb9-bb01-b3cd3c912022 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Roman citizenship</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 878bc7d5-376d-4cb3-9f10-02b7b669b1c1 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Carthage and the Punic Wars</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 80e6ad85-d37f-4fb5-84a2-c5337de7b078 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Hannibal</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> e257dcc3-ae5c-469d-9107-151a2e3fb41c Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Circus Maximus</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 225c31b3-d1e1-470c-bb6b-c5e794539223 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Spartacus</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> d960969e-5c5c-44cb-af7a-0d0e1f27b43b Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> aa97052e-b8d0-464a-a560-dec9e9fe465b Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Marius and Sulla</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 1e7750f9-7784-4950-975f-8a441423f280 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Cicero</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 1bc6c1d0-96b5-4b2a-bb7e-4cd97f65313d Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Julius Caesar</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 4b8b82ef-7cc1-483c-8720-024212040315 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">First Triumvirate</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> f50e163c-9d07-4573-aba6-f97c4c6dc707 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Gaul</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> c55613bd-92fd-4711-9462-19ad8060b684 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Mark Antony and Cleopatra</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 4f7a7f1f-2620-4505-ba0a-99421fee27dd Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Octavian</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 9b631e80-89b1-44b9-8d6b-be959476dfff Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Short Response <p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; "><span style="font-size: 11pt;" class="normaltextrun"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b><span style="border: medium none;">For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.</span></b></span></span></p><br /><div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Second Triumvirate</div> SCORE.max 0.0 <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Answers will vary.</div> 688487b9-f7de-4034-9a21-bf500c838b0b Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What was the impact of Italy's geography on the development of Rome?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It provided little productive land for agriculture.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It divided the peninsula into small isolated communities.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It made Rome a natural crossroads and an area easy to defend.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It made the conquering of the Mediterranean a difficult task.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It created the same difficult environment as in Greece, thus making political unity difficult.</span> I39_C2 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 8e5067e2-3aae-4067-aa1c-6b57f9af65e7 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What mountain range divides eastern Italy from western Italy?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Apennines</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Alps</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Urals</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Pyrenees</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Carpathians</span> I40_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 352cc795-0e70-44c6-a36d-28966338dabe Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Rome was established in the first millennium B.C.E. on the</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">plain of Latium.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">river Danube.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">coast of the Aegean Sea.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">foothills of the Alps.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">toe of the Italian peninsula.</span> I41_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 21931941-240b-45e0-8cc2-27e139da170e Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The people to the north of Rome who apparently ruled Rome for a century and heavily influenced Roman urban culture were the</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Ligurians.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Gauls.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Samnites.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Etruscans.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Dorians.</span> I42_C3 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 1687331c-f43e-4d14-8ae9-e2a5c015930c Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which of these actions is an example of Etruscan influence on the Romans?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The abolition of slavery</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The adoption of republican political institutions</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The use of concrete</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The acceptance of the toga and short cloak</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The adoption of agriculture</span> I43_C3 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 f3507498-c793-4435-8f88-627c9f727d53 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The Roman Dictator</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">was the spokesman for the plebeian order.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">exercised unlimited power for a period of usually two years.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">was responsible for getting Rome involved in the Punic Wars.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">was a temporary executive during the period of the Republic.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">All of these are correct.</span> I44_C3 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 c8c5ac9b-5918-4581-81ca-ee04cbc5258b Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">After Rome crushed the Latin states in the fourth century B.C.E., it waged a 50-year struggle against</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">the Gauls.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">the Aequi.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">the Sicilians.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">the Samnites.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">the Corsicans.</span> I45_C3 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 9d1b433a-6973-458c-9ec3-3f7404abf178 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What precedent for the treatment of vanquished foes emerged from the creation of the Roman Confederation?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It forced slave labor on the populace of the defeated cities</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It offered the most favored "allied" peoples full Roman citizenship, thus giving them a stake in successful Roman expansion.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It slaughtered the citizens wholesale and sold the rest to pirates.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It confiscated all the property of defeated peoples.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It created for the first time the citizen category of "plebeian."</span> I46_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 055b6953-712d-41fd-a11d-96e0db5b6546 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What was a key feature of the Roman Confederation?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The granting of citizenship to some Italians</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The enslavement of all Italians</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The renunciation of war as an instrument of policy</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The granting of equal rights to all Italians</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The abolition of slavery within Italy</span> I47_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 5c2279b4-bed0-4f33-b6c7-7614d9b93378 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">As Rome expanded, it became Roman policy to govern the provinces with officials known as</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">consuls.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">quaestors.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">colonnae.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">proconsuls and propraetors.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">tribunes.</span> I48_C3 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 148b725c-e99d-4be5-af80-dd723a9e77a3 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What was the most formidable power that the Romans faced in the Mediterranean?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Carthage</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Pella</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Corinth</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Syracuse</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Messana</span> I49_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 767c0a68-2788-4847-b7f3-ba6bdb12f064 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Until 148 B.C.E., which role did the Romans try to play in Greece?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Direct ruler</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Tax collector</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Dominating power</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Absolute neutral</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Power broker</span> I50_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 93dcc415-24b6-4d74-82c2-a80bea477134 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">In defeating the Greek city-states in southern Italy, Rome</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">employed mercenary armies from Persia and Asia Minor.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">faced large, well-trained armies from the Greek colonies.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">gained a sense of security and demobilized its military.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">had to fight the soldiers of King Pyrrhus, sent against them by the Greeks.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">relied upon a large and professional navy.</span> I51_C3 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 b9a1cc22-1892-4d1e-88b4-c3afc53ea1a8 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What was the Struggle of the Orders?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was a violent conflict between Rome's citizens and their slaves.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was a violent struggle between the patricians and plebeians.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was a peaceful struggle between the patricians and plebeians, won completely by the patricians.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was a peaceful revolution in which the plebeians were completely victorious.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was a peaceful struggle, which resulted in political compromise between plebeians and patricians.</span> I52_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 5037438c-1e3e-46db-9139-9a4a83752801 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Roman support for the freedom of the Greek states brought Rome into conflict with</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Gaul.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Athens.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Macedonia.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Egypt.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Corinth.</span> I53_C2 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 ba89b4e7-e6d7-454b-bd38-b07657279589 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What was the <i>imperium</i>?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The duties that Roman citizens owed to the gods</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The power to command Roman citizens</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The right to collect taxes</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The privileges reserved to patricians</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The name of Roman children's favorite board game</span> I54_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 8048816f-7dff-483d-b9a6-1d8195ce9c6e Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which city led a revolt against the Romans between 148 and 146 B.C.E.?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Lydia</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Thebes</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Sparta</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Corinth</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Athens</span> I55_C3 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 c387681d-4d82-49c7-a5fe-71de9d00df1f Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What was the <i>paterfamilias</i> in Roman society?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">A client to a patron or wealthy citizen</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The male head of the household</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">An upper-class aristocrat</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">A common person</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The male head of the family</span> I56_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 abbb63c9-bb77-4c4d-8c77-066addba9ee4 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What was the original role of the Roman Senate?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was the chief legislative body of the Republic.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It could only advise the magistrates in legal matters.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was the most important popular assembly.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was the main governing body by the third century B.C.E.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was the only body with total military authority.</span> I57_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 7f39f8c6-4bd9-4882-89d2-a43e25fce34e Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">In their struggle with the patricians, Roman plebeians employed which of the following tactics?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">allying with the Etruscans against Rome</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">the formation of popular assemblies to lobby for more political reforms</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">open civil war</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">assassination of political opponents</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">All of these are correct.</span> I58_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 548821d3-3fa5-48ad-b4d2-b9ac7958eb3e Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What happened when Roman laws changed for plebeians and patricians in the fourth century B.C.E.?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Patricians were removed from civic government.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The death penalty was established for treason against the state.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Plebeians and the patricians were now bound by Roman laws.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Greeks laws were banished from the Roman legal system.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Citizenship was granted to non-Romans.</span> I59_C2 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 bbb09649-91d7-419b-a7fe-a399af55cb23 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which phase in the creation of the Roman empire occurred <i>first</i>?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The invasion of West Africa</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The conquest of India</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The domination of the Hellenistic kingdoms</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The conflict with Carthage</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The conquest of Italy</span> I60_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 03789d60-d721-4346-b04a-04f1633f8d81 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What was/were the Twelve Tables?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The meeting place of the Roman Senate</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">A tool used to record and inspire a new religious cult in Rome</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The arts of the Roman festival celebrating spring's arrival</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The only place in Rome where patricians and plebeians could meet together</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The first formal codification of Roman law and customs</span> I61_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 0adeafc1-4357-4aa4-85d1-b18bcb90adec Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which of the following is NOT true of the centuriate assembly?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It rivaled the Roman senate for power.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was the Roman army functioning in its political role.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was organized by classes based on wealth.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It elected the chief magistrates and passed laws.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was structured in such a way that the wealthiest citizens always possessed a majority.</span> I62_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 c330424a-8218-4054-b648-2b1331a06d4c Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Livy's account of Cincinnatus</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">was used to teach the Roman people the treachery of tyrants.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">recounts the inseparable linkage of wealth and leadership abilities.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">provides an account of the founding of Rome.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">demonstrates how the virtues of duty and simplicity in Rome’s leaders enabled Rome to survive in difficult times.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">justified the concept of divine right monarchy.</span> I63_C3 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 dd4001d4-0d23-42e6-8df4-b1c449aff014 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which phase in the creation of the Roman empire occurred <i>last</i>?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The invasion of West Africa</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The conquest of India</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The domination of the Hellenistic kingdoms</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The conflict with Carthage</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The conquest of Italy</span> I64_C2 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 8f7b8c45-37f4-4da8-977a-15cfbc64071c Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">From where did the Carthaginians originate?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Phoenician Tyre</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">northern Italy</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Macedonia</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">southern Gaul</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">"Nether" Spain</span> I65_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 dc93e209-06dc-4e45-845a-ad93f1f1293f Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What was the immediate cause of the First Punic War?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Carthaginian treachery in the Pyrrhic Wars</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Roman colonization in North Africa</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Carthaginian expansion along the Spanish and Italian coasts</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Rome sending an army to Sicily</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Cato's decision to destroy Carthage</span> I66_C3 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 e6500dda-6d05-4e3e-88bf-51e32df3a747 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What resulted from the First Punic War?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Carthaginians were forced to withdraw from Spain.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The Carthaginians were forced to withdraw from Sicily and pay an indemnity to Rome.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Sicily gained its independence from both Rome and Carthage.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Rome was forced to relinquish its Mediterranean claims.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Pyrrhus invaded Italy.</span> I67_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 8faee894-8aaf-4f4e-8c3e-a64d61c8d932 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What was the significance of Scipio Africanus in the Second Punic War?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He impeded Hannibal's advance in Italy through delaying tactics.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He expelled the Carthaginians from Spain and later won the decisive Battle of Zama.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He engineered a valuable alliance with the Gauls.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He first utilized elephants as "living tanks."</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He saved Rome by leaving his farm, assuming military leadership, and then returning to his land.</span> I68_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 6bd519ff-74ac-4484-8418-0f0fe84d1a19 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The Second Punic War saw Carthage</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">try to force a naval war in the Mediterranean as a precursor to invasion of Italy.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">precipitate the war by encroaching on Roman Gaul.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">enlist the forces of its Mongol allies.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">capture and sack the city of Rome.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">carry a land war to Rome by crossing the Alps.</span> I69_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 3c4edffd-448f-4f54-894d-a9d76b0906eb Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The Roman senator who led the movement for the complete destruction of Carthage was</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Cato.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Scipio.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Marius.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Pliny the Elder.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Sulla.</span> I70_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 610ddfd3-3ba6-42a9-ad9c-98a46c8fc904 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">During the period of the early republic, the Roman army was comprised of</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">slaves.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">male citizens who could equip themselves for battle.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">non-citizens who had committed crimes.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Italians who had been conscripted into the army.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">male citizens under twenty years of age.</span> I71_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 5ded5c20-6e98-4293-b6eb-f064dbbbec1c Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What did Polybius see as the key to the success of the Roman army during the period of the early republic?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The vast resources devoted to the army</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The pool of slaves available to support the army</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The advanced technology available to the army</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The sheer size of the army</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The fact that it was a citizen army</span> I72_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 a3ce603a-b339-4e82-bbb7-ce68ef48a2ce Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Who was the patron god of the city of Rome?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Jupiter</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Apollo</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Athena</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Mercury</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Mars</span> I73_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 02e55c07-800c-47cc-a222-55962d6271a7 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Over time, Roman religion completely merged with</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Greek religion.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Egyptian religion.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Persian philosophy.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Hebrew religion.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Greek philosophy.</span> I74_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 02da4ca3-2863-42e7-b7d4-4091db7ae4d1 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">At the Battle of Cannae the Romans</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">suffered a devastating defeat by Hannibal.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">defeated the army of Hannibal.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">won a great naval victory, giving them control of the Straits of Messana.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">retreated to the walls of Sagantum.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">captured and sacked the city of Carthage.</span> I75_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 28dd26b6-3a6b-4b6b-a692-eb223ed0d238 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What was the result of the Third Punic War?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Rome and Carthage forged an alliance.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Carthage faced destruction and subjugation</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Rome lost mastery of the Mediterranean Sea.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Rome was sacked.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Julius Caesar came to power.</span> I76_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 701de016-dd4d-4c4b-a35f-8752abc2ade6 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which statement best describes Roman imperial expansion?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was ruthlessly and carefully planned from the beginning.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was driven solely by economic necessity.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was opposed by most senators as too costly and too dangerous.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was highly opportunistic, responding to unanticipated military threats and possibilities for glory.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">It was futile, as Rome's empire did not endure.</span> I77_C3 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 be3c840e-5f2f-4a9d-9062-65d5ab5296ff Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">How did the Roman conquest of the Mediterranean change the Roman use of slaves?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Slavery came to be seen as immoral.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The number of female slaves dropped sharply.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Slavery took on a racial component.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Slaves came to be used exclusively for agriculture.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The number of slaves increased dramatically.</span> I78_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 293df6c2-327c-406e-8622-ebcfb21d0b88 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What phrase refers to the goal of Roman religion to maintain trust and harmony with the spirits?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The peace of the gods</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Semper fidelis</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Imperial grace</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The peaceable kingdom</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Carpe diem</span> I79_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 6a418f94-133f-48cb-af4f-1407230e59c5 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The head of the Roman religious observances was</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">a caesar.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">the vestal virgins.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">the tribunate.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">a consul.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">the pontifex maximus.</span> I80_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 f34e02bb-0faf-4fbe-b4d1-71af5ae6d94a Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which statement <i>best</i> describes Roman religion?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Religion was a minimal aspect of Roman society.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Religion was a central part of Roman public and familial life with the worship of gods for practical purposes.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Roman gods were creations unique to their society.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Roman religion was monotheistic.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Roman religion encouraged social equality.</span> I81_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 785437c1-e600-4e9c-8ba8-78210f74d35f Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Who led the most famous slave revolt in Rome?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Jupiter Optimus Maximus</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Cato</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Spartacus</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Thracia</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Portunus</span> I82_C2 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 f2918c48-eeda-4347-bc41-7d6fa6a46c58 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which statement best describes Roman slaves by the latter Republic?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Slaves often worked on the Roman <i>latifundia</i>.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Slaves always received humane treatment from their owners.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Slaves never received humane treatment from their owners.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Slaves were used as soldiers in the army.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Slaves were primarily from Italy.</span> I83_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 86419aa9-81fb-4acf-80a8-517705e52804 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which of the following statements about marriage best captures the realities for Roman women by the first century B.C.E.?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They had legal independence inside their marriages.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They had legal control over all children still at home.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They were legally controlled by their husbands.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They remained legally the property of their fathers.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">If rich enough, they could marry two husbands simultaneously.</span> I84_C3 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 e8a0d130-3910-4869-9a61-b8ebfde05d9a Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What most closely captures the reality of marriage for Roman women in the first century B.C.E.?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Marriage still allowed them legal independence.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Marriage laws gave them legal control over all children still at home.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Marriage required the father to give up all rights to his daughter.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Divorce became increasingly prevalent due to political turmoil.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Polygamy was allowed for women if they were wealthy enough.</span> I85_C3 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 891f39d6-bdd8-4abd-98bd-69c574bd7688 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What action could the male family head, the <i>paterfamilias,</i> take?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Sell his children</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Put his children to death</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Arrange the marriages of his daughters</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Assign the person who would serve as guardian in his absence</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Enjoy multiple wives</span> I86_C2 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 a3fae832-32ff-4d44-906e-e78397ec79da Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which innovation enabled Romans to erect giant amphitheaters and public baths?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Steel</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Copper</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Calculus</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Concrete</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Load-bearing arches</span> I87_C3 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 3de83b4f-4fed-462a-96d7-0ccbbe724fd8 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which Greek philosophy did the Romans accept to give justification to its legal system?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Stoicism, because of its emphasis on virtue and duty</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Neo-Platonism, because of its concern for ideal beauty</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Epicureanism, because of its emphasis on the good life</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Hedonism, because of its advocacy of intense emotional experiences</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Aristotelianism, because of its logical preciseness and practicality</span> I88_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 c775156f-0fb7-4c52-a972-1042db445583 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which of the following statements best applies to Roman education?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Foreigners were not allowed to become teachers.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Boys and girls were educated through a rigorous public school system borrowed from the Spartans.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The wealthy classes wanted training in Greek and mastery of rhetoric, or persuasive public speaking, for their children.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Study of foreign languages was prohibited to purify the Latin language.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">There were many public schools, with scholarships made available to the poor.</span> I89_C2 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 df05725d-0d47-4934-a19d-666d90686fdf Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">In the Roman system of slavery,</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">only non-Italians were enslaved.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">slaves were used as artists, musicians, and doctors.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">slavery was not hereditary.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">all slaves were treated with great cruelty.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">there was a strong connection between slavery and race.</span> I90_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 be1ffa12-8bce-4e0f-bb92-7697c70abc33 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What program did Tiberius Gracchus advocate when he ran for tribune in 133 B.C.E.?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">punishing corrupt Roman officials in the provinces</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">cracking down on drugs and prostitution in Rome</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">freeing the slaves</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">allowing women to arrange their own marriages</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">providing farms to landless farmers</span> I91_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 425b77ae-f1f4-43c1-8f3c-ddd3a391df4f Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What resulted from the reforms of Gaius and Tiberius Gracchus?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Their reforms helped create a system of absolute political domination by the <i>optimates</i>.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The reforms eliminated the position of tribune of the plebs.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Their reforms resulted in further instability and violence as they polarized various social groups.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Their reforms established more egalitarian laws and customs.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The reforms made Rome more democratic.</span> I92_C2 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 3cda3ffe-a1c9-4ee0-b252-d5dd1bd1967f Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Who were members of the equestrian order?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They were a wealthy and ambitious class of Romans established by Tiberius Gracchus.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They were a new military order created by Caesar.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They were competitors of the <i>optimates</i> for power in the Roman Senate.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They were advisors to proconsuls in the provinces of the Republic.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">They were second class citizens of non-Roman origin.</span> I93_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 307efb01-2f34-4c15-872c-48ea139b46a6 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What was Sulla's legacy?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He became the first non-Roman consul.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He became the first Roman general to use siege engines.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He prevented civil war by arbitrating disputes between Marius and Gaius.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He divided up the <i>latifundia</i> and restored the dispossessed farmers to their lands.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He employed the army to seize power in political disputes, a strategy copied by other ambitious men.</span> I94_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 d25ce46f-08db-4881-9006-fd633fe670a5 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Among the dangerous military innovations of Marius threatening the Republic was his</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">use of Greek mercenaries.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">recruitment of destitute volunteers who swore an oath of allegiance only to him.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">theft the state treasury's tax revenues to buy weapons.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">proclamation of himself as dictator for life.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">All of these are correct.</span> I95_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 f4957bd9-a74d-41cf-848e-25290aef850a Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Who was the dominant figure in the Roman family?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The mother</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The father</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The eldest son</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The eldest daughter</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The oldest female</span> I96_C1 SCORE.max 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 9dc50417-4032-4e89-9dfa-f2ca4cd5334f Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which Greek philosophy had the greatest influence on the Roman concept of natural law?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Existentialism</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Nihilism</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Cynicism</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Epicureanism</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Stoicism</span> I97_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 a1b91877-0ac3-4674-b713-872a444f3dd5 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which action enhanced Julius Caesar's popularity?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He defeated Crassus at the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 B.C.E.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He dissolved the Senate while he was dictator for life.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He was assassinated for his strong beliefs in republican institutions.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He married Cleopatra.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He led successful military commands, especially in Gaul.</span> I98_C4 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 55fe52d9-7437-4e42-b1f4-26b18dbb9494 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">By the second century B.C.E., what had become the governing body of Rome?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The senate</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The pontificate</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The imperium</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The army</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">The centuriate assembly</span> I99_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 f0100727-d14c-4d9f-8545-ea02c63a165f Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">What did Caesar demonstrate by crossing the Rubicon?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He was willing to disobey the direct orders of the Senate.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He was willing to compromise with Pompey.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He had no will to fight his enemies in Rome.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He wished to retire peacefully to his rural estates.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">He was a loyal Roman citizen, willing to return peacefully to Rome.</span> I100_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 b1676a56-0f83-491f-a63e-5bdb90b62eb4 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Legal conflicts involving non-Romans gave rise to the</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">law of nations.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">law of nature.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Twelve Tables.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">civil law.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">law of the gods.</span> I101_C0 SCORE.max 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 113f46b8-6349-46cd-82cf-3051b8761d1d Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Which Roman writer is most closely associated with the development of a new poetry at the end of the Roman Republic?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Sallust</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Cicero</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Catullus</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Plutarch</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Virgil</span> I102_C2 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 185cd02f-9c85-403a-b5b3-9d91818eb2ed Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 Multiple Choice <div data-keepme="true" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">In what area did Cicero make his most original contributions?</div> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Comic plays</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Tragic theater pieces</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">New poems</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Political thought</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ;">Histories of early Rome</span> I103_C3 SCORE.max 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 8f8c423b-99e7-4e4a-9974-39b6491b29ba Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The Greeks arrived on the Italian peninsula in large number during the age of Greek colonization.</div> true false true SCORE.max 0.0 bda0dbad-a53e-483b-91ec-a46c7a31adf0 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The Etruscans migrated to Italy from central Asia.</div> true false false SCORE.max 0.0 7679ae81-0c22-4596-8ff6-f897760cff59 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The most significant non-Latin influence upon early Rome came from the Etruscans.</div> true false true SCORE.max 0.0 aaefd4dd-998d-4bae-b7b9-ab68e5afb0ff Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The Latin alphabet was derived from the Greek alphabet.</div> true false false SCORE.max 0.0 3e542ee1-4dc4-40aa-9572-0a3d3de07b5b Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Roman legend identifies twin brothers Romulus and Remus as the founders of Rome.</div> true false true SCORE.max 0.0 cd701e38-3942-4c06-81a3-f74c9e81114f Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The centuriate assembly was essentially the Roman army functioning as a political institution.</div> true false true SCORE.max 0.0 13a246d6-d483-474e-8454-2bb9b107a83f Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">At the conclusion of their conquest of Italy, the Romans enslaved all of the Italian peoples.</div> true false false SCORE.max 0.0 284952af-efcf-4713-b77e-5ef2f49dbdc2 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The Romans competed with the Carthaginians for dominance in the eastern Mediterranean.</div> true false false SCORE.max 0.0 9c458dbf-06e1-4afd-91ad-05977d3fe17b Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The Second Punic War marked Rome’s only serious defeat during the Republic.</div> true false false SCORE.max 0.0 a984e859-fc38-4302-b26a-7a94197a0771 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">During the Third Punic War against Carthage, the Romans made Egypt a Roman province.</div> true false false SCORE.max 0.0 ea3d9538-e563-416a-9be6-4c1086d9ed92 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">After the Punic Wars, Rome turned its attention to the Hellenistic states of the eastern Mediterranean.</div> true false true SCORE.max 0.0 ae191277-e8bd-44a5-9127-93d19b3b3ed2 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">From the beginning of the republic, the Romans had a grand plan for regional dominance.</div> true false false SCORE.max 0.0 6f14615a-ba89-4c8c-a517-85fc7dd57912 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The Romans were contemptuous of all non-Roman religious ideas and practices.</div> true false false SCORE.max 0.0 d1ba7222-399d-4621-97d1-ee1ab7d09307 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Because the Romans frequently adopted the gods of the peoples they came into contact with, and since, by the Republic, Greece was a major influence upon Rome, it can be argued that the Romans and the Greeks had essentially the same "Greco-Roman" religion.</div> true false true SCORE.max 0.0 90de2287-3095-41b3-90e9-7fead68c5a0d Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">The Romans produced little literature before the third century B.C.E.</div> true false true SCORE.max 0.0 306fbb23-9e98-48c2-8464-64f171d7eec6 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Like most of the great Roman writers of the first century B.C.E., Catullus was from Rome.</div> true false false SCORE.max 0.0 16db39a4-6ed1-47ad-a11e-b79092e24e25 Item Pool Subsection false letter_lower false vertical false 1 0.0 True/False <div style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; ">Antony and Cleopatra were defeated by Octavian in 31 B.C.E. at the Battle of Actium, thus symbolically ending the Roman Republic.</div> true false true SCORE.max 0.0