Chapter 8:

1.      What strategy did “cooperationists” favor in regards to secession? (pg.237)

Answer: A cooperative action preceding secession to ensure unity as opposed to individual state secession.

2.      Who were elected the provisional president and vice-president of the Confederacy at Montgomery in February of 1861? (pg. 259)

Answer: The provisional president was Jefferson Davis and vice-president was Alexander Stephens.

3.      How did Lincoln plan to resupply Fort Sumter without being the cause of war? (pg. 272)

Answer: He planned to send in supply boats without troops or armaments and only react with force if the South attacked the supply boats.

Chapter 9:

1. What city did a riot take place killing 28 civilians and 2 soldiers after Nathanial Lyon marched captured soldiers through the streets? (pg. 291)

Answer: St. Louis

2. Who was nicknamed “the young Napoleon?” (pg. 301)

Answer: George McClellan

3. What new state joined the Union on June 20th 1863? And what were the conditions? (pg. 304)

Answer: West Virginia. The conditions were that freeing slaves born after July 4th 1863, and all others on their twenty-fifth birthday.

Chapter 10:

1. What shortcomings limited the success of the confederacies’ navy when the war began? (pg.314)

Answer: Began with no navy, and few facilities for building one.

2. What major problem plagued the southern war effort from beginning to end? (pg.318)

Answer: Logistics and Supply

3. Why did the Northern Armies have to maintain long supply lines and the south did not? (pg.325)

Answer: Most of the War was fought in the South

Chapter 11:

1.      After his victory at Bull Run, who claimed that, “(his) army was more disorganized by victory than that of the United States by defeat?” (pg. 345)

Answer: Johnston

2.      Which resolution regarding the North’s purpose of the war did the House refuse to reaffirm on December 4, 1861? (p.358)

Answer: Crittenden

3.      What timber based item found on Munson’s Hill called into question McClellan’s reports of superior Confederate forces and lost him much of his previously large reservoir of support from the North? (pg. 362)

Answer: Quaker Gun

Chapter 12:

1.      The battle between which two ships marked the completion of a revolution in naval combat? (pg. 377)

Answer: Virginia and Monitor

2.      What was the principal weapon in southern foreign policy? (pg. 383)

Answer: Cotton

3.      Which Union naval captain almost ruined American relations with Europe by arresting the South’s ambassadors to London and Paris? (pg. 390)

Answer: Captain Charles Wilkes

Chapter 13:

1.      The capture of what fort earned Grant his promotion to major general and marked the most strategic consequence of the war to that point? (pg. 402)

Answer: Fort Donelson

2.      Between which two generals was the battle of Shiloh fought? (pg. 408)

Answer: Grant and Beauregard

3.      Which northern general refused to attack Yorktown and stated in a letter to his wife that if Lincoln wanted to break the rebel lines, “he had better come and do it himself?” pg. 426)

Answer: McClellan  

Chapter 14:

1.      What major loophole helped many southern men avoid the draft? (pg.431)

Answer: Substitution

2.      What event occurred in the spring of 1862, that caused the New York Tribune to rejoice that, “the reign of lawless despotism is ended?” (pg.436)

Answer: The North's release of political prisoners

3.      What did Lincoln sign into law on Feb 25, 1862, that created a national currency? (pg.447)

Answer: The Legal Tender Act

Chapter 15:

1.       Why was the Chickahominy River an important factor in the defense of Richmond? (pg. 461)

Answer: It bisected the ring of Union troops closing in on Richmond

2.      What was most people’s opinion of Robert E. Lee when he first took command of the South’s Army of Northern Virginia? (pg. 462)

Answer: People didn't think very highly of him

3.      Of all the army commanders, on both sides, who had the highest casualty rate? (pg. 472)

Answer: Lee

 

Chapter 16:

1.      Why did President Lincoln create the Emancipation Proclamation? (pg. 503)

Answer: President Lincoln felt it was necessary for a “forcible abolition of slavery.” They were not winning the war so it was time to take different action.

2.      How did the role of blacks in the war change in 1862? (pg. 500)

Answer: In July of 1862 the Militia Act was passed which called for a “draft of nine-month men.” This draft enrolled blacks in war services, including service as a soldier.

3.      What is the Central American Project? (pg. 509)

Answer: Lincoln believed that once blacks were freed from slavery they would have very little chance of achieving equality among whites, so he decided to colonize them. He required black people to immigrate to another land so they would have better opportunities. He put together this colonization project of Central America sending 453 colonists to an island near Haiti. Starvation and smallpox ended the colonization quickly causing Lincoln to bring back the 368 surviving colonist to the states.

Chapter 17:

1.      “The object is, not to fight great battles and storm impregnable fortifications, but by demonstrations and maneuvering to prevent the enemy from concentrating his scattered forces.” This is a war strategy that failed in the summer of 1862, who was the commander behind it? (pg. 512)

Answer: Buell

2.      Who did President Lincoln replace commander Buell with in 1862, and for what reasons did he replace him? (pg. 522)

Answer: Buell was not being aggressive enough and was not following the orders of President Lincoln to “march as the enemy marches”. He was replaced by William S. Rosecrans.

3.      Explain the significance of Antietam. (pg. 539-545)

Answer: The battle at Antietam also known as Sharpsburg to the south took place on September 17, 1862. It was one of the few battles in the war where the commanders chose the field and pre-planned their strategies. The battle at Antietam was one of the worst. It ended casualties reaching four times the total suffered by American soldier on D-day during WW11/ More than twice as many Americans lost their lives in one day then those in the War of 1812, the Mexican War, and the Spanish-American war combined.

Barely 30,000 Confederates remained alive and unwounded in the end.

Antietam is known as a strategic Union success, and proved to be one of the war’s greatest turning points.

Chapter 18:

1. Who was Henry Hotze, and how did he affect European views on the Confederacy?

(pg. 548)

Answer: He was a Swiss-born Alabamian who lived in London in early 1862. He was a propagandist for the south. He wrote pro-confederate editorials for several news papers. He recruited English journalists to write of the Index, a newspaper that presented the southern viewpoint. He pledged a resumption of cotton exports during the cotton famine.

2. Explain the New Orleans incident involving Benjamin Buttler. (pg. 551-552)

Answer: On May 15 Benjamin Buttler ordered any woman who persisted in the practice of insulting northern soldiers “shall be regarded and held liable to be treated as a woman of the town plying her avocation.” He did this because a woman in New Orleans dumped the contents of her chamber pot on a captain’s head. This caused the British upper-class to alienate themselves even more from the North.

3. What was Lincolns reasoning for freeing only the slaves in the rebel states, with the Emancipation Proclamation? (pg. 557-58)

Answer: “Lincoln acted under his war powers to seize enemy resources; he had no constitutional power to act against slavery in areas loyal to the U.S.”