Chapter 8 1. Georgia's Governor Brown, said what "is the poor man's best Government?” ANSWER: Slavery (pg. 243) 2.How many slave states were represented in Montgomery on Feb. 4, 1861? ANSWER: Seven (pg. 254) 3.What was the theme of Democratic editorials in 1861? ANSWER: "Let the enemies perish by the sword.” ,"All squeamish sentiments should be discarded.", and " Bloody vengeance wreaked upon the heads of the contemptible traitors who provoked it by their dastardly impertinence and rebellious acts.”(pg. 275) Chapter 9 1. What State brought crucial resources to the Confederacy? By her population, and her industrial capacity was nearly as great as that of the seven original Confederate states combined. ANSWER: Virginia (pg. 280) 2. Who said "I cannot raise my hand against my birthplace, my home, my children?" ANSWER: Lee (pg. 281) 3. Who was the first Civil war general killed in action? ANSWER: Garnett (pg. 301) Chapter 10 1. When the idea of war seemed unavoidable, what were three of the major challenges the North faced in organizing their troops? ANSWER: 1) Most of the 16,000 man army was scattered in 79 frontier outposts west of the Mississippi. 2) The War Department was so ill-ran, most of the talented young officers had left the army for civilian jobs, leaving much older, less effective people in charge. 3) Maps and the shortage of topographical information was also an issue. (pg. 313) 2. What were three major challenges the South faced while preparing for war? ANSWER: 1)They had to establish a War Department from scratch. 2) They were also heavily untrained for actual battle. 3) Once the Confederate Army was officially formed, the soldiers then had to face shortages of supplies such as food, uniforms and weapons. (pg. 318-320) 3. Where does the term “shoddy” come from and what is its significance in terms of the Union Army? ANSWER: Shoddy was the name given to material made from compressed and recycled fibers from woolen goods. (pg. 324) Chapter 11 1. During the battle of Bull Run there was much confusion with the uniforms and flags. Both flags had stars on a blue field, and both had red and white stripes. What general changed the “Stars and Bars” to the Confederate flag that we all can recognize? ANSWER: General P.G.T Beauregard (pg. 342) 2. In the days after Bull Run, President Lincoln signed bills for the enlistment of a 1,000,000 soldiers. Who was the “dynamic, magnetic general” that commanded them? ANSWER: General George G. McClellan (pg. 348) 3. On August 31st, 1861, Confederate president, Jefferson Davis, named five men to the rank of full general, two ranks higher than any other in the Confederacy. Who were the five men that were promoted that day? ANSWER: Joseph E. Johnson, P.G.T. Beauregard, Samuel Cooper, Albert Sidney Johnston, and Robert E. Lee. (pg. 365-366) Chapter 12 1. On August 29th, 1861 the Unions first naval victory came without the Confederates armies firing a single shot. Where was the location of this victory? ANSWER: Cape Hatteras, North Carolina (pg. 370) 2. In the early months of 1862, the Union and the Confederacy unveiled their Ironclads. What were the names of these ships? ANSWER: USS Monitor, CSS Virginia (pg. 375) 3. Cotton was the main “weapon” of southern foreign policy. Great Britain imported three quarters of the south’s cotton. What tactic did the Confederacy use to gain support from France and Britain? ANSWER: Plantations were instructed to keep bales of cotton on the plantations, and not send them overseas until France and Great Britain recognized the Confederacy. (pg. 383) Chapter 13 1. Who sent a proposal to Grant for discussion of surrender terms? ANSWER: Buckner (pg. 402) 2. When Sidney Johnston died due to a gunshot wound to his leg, who replaced him? ANSWER: Beauregard (pg. 410) 3. What was the 1st battle on a scale that became a commonplace during the next 3 years? ANSWER: Shiloh (pg. 413) Chapter 14 1. The Conscription Act declared all able-bodied white male citizens to service for 3 years between the ages of ? ANSWER: 18 and 35 (pg. 430) 2. What was the most controversial form of exemption? ANSWER: hiring a substitute (pg. 431) 3. Events on the battlefield affected each sides ability to? ANSWER: Finance the war (pg. 437) Chapter 15 1. What impact did Jackson's Valley Campaign have then and now? ANSWER: Then, it diverted 60,000 Union Soldiers from other tasks and disrupted two strategic movements that Lincoln ordered into play. Now, Jackson's Valley Campaign is still studied in Military Schools as an example of how speed and use of terrain can compensate for lack of numbers. (pg. 460) 2. Name a reason for the high number of Civil War casualties. ANSWER: There was a disparity between traditional tactics and modern weapons. So in other words, soldiers were not used to fighting with rifles, and had poor training or a lack of experience with modern weapons. (pg. 472) 3. The Civil War transformed nursing into a genuine profession. Along these lines, what else did the Civil War do? ANSWER: The Civil War brought about the creation of the Special Ambulance Corps. for the first aid treatment of the wounded and evacuation off the battle fields to hospitals. (pg. 484) Chapter 16 1. What was the carrot and stick approach that the Government adopted? ANSWER: The carrot was an advance pay of $25 to new recruits who enlisted for 3 years. Normally, payment of $100 dollars was paid after an honorable discharge. The stick was a Militia Law enacted by congress. This law defined who the Militia would be comprised of, all able-bodied men between the ages of 18-45. It also gave the president the power of making the rules and regulations to enforce the act. (pg. 492) 2. What was Lincoln's resolution that congress adopted on April 10, 1862? ANSWER: The resolution was to pass "pecuniary aid" to any state which would adopt gradual abolishment of slavery. (pg. 498) 3. Lincoln wrote a letter to Greeley's emancipation editorial on August 22, 1862. What was Lincoln's purpose in writing this letter? ANSWER: Lincoln was trying to prepare people and get a feel for public opinion for the Proclamation of Emancipation. (pg. 510) Chapter 17 1. What four tasks did Halleck face after his army of 110,000 occupied Corinth at the end of May? ANSWER: 1) Push on south after the retreating rebels and try to capture Vicksburg from the rear. 2) Send a force against Chattanooga to "liberate" east Tennessee. 3)Repair and defend the network of railroads that supplied Federal armies in this theater. 4) Organize occupation forces to preserve order, administer the contraband camps where black refugees had gathered, protect unionists trying to reconstruct Tennessee under military governor Andrew Johnson, whom Lincoln had sent to Nashville, and oversee the revival of trade with the North in occupied areas. (pg. 511) 2. Why, in 1862, were the railways thought of as, “as much curse as blessing” for the Union? ANSWER: The Union armies became heavily dependent on supplies delivered by rail. The Confederate army began to impede these supplies by simply stopping the railways, forcing Union troops to be without much needed supplies. (pg. 515) 3. Why was the Union victory at Sharpsburg a turning point in the war? ANSWER: It frustrated Confederate hopes of British recognition and precipitated the Emancipation Proclamation. (pg. 545) Chapter 18 1. What act forbade the construction and arming of warships in British Territory? ANSWER: Britain's foreign-enlistment Act (pg. 547) 2. Who established a small newspaper called the Index? ANSWER: Hotze (pg. 548) 3. The proclamation was signed on what day and by who? ANSWER: Jan 1st, by Lincoln (pg. 560)