In 1970, Kent State University witnessed the first killing of U.S. student protesters by the U.S. National Guard.{TRUE}

President Nixon's policy to replace U.S. ground troops with South Vietnamese troops was called Americanization.{FALSE}

American outrage at the war continued when Lt. William Calley Jr. was convicted of leading a massacre of South Vietnamese men, women and children in the village of My Lai.{TRUE}

The only way for a young American male to avoid the draft was to go to Canada.{FALSE}

The torture of prisoners on both sides of the conflict in Vietnam was carried out, both against military pilots from United States as well as against suspected Vietcong guerrillas.{TRUE}

Overall, the South Vietnamese army soldiers were better trained and more disciplined than the Communist soldiers of the North Vietnamese army.{FALSE}

After devastating defeats to the Viet Cong in the Tet offensive of 1968, the Vietnam War was increasingly fought by the North Vietnamese army.{TRUE}

In the videos, the three objectives of the United States bombing campaign were\: 1. attrition of the enemy; 2. reducing the infiltration into South Vietnam; 3. to bring Hanoi to the bargaining table.  Congress came to the conclusion that none of these objectives had been accomplished and therefore increased the pressure on President Johnson to get out of the war.{TRUE}

Nixon's silent majority, which helped elect him in 1968, quickly turned against him and protested United States involvement in the war, thus making it much more difficult to retain the presidency in 1972.{FALSE}

Once President Johnson stopped the United States bombing campaign and peace talks began, reaching the final peace treaty was a rapid accomplishment, free of any setbacks.{FALSE}

It is clear from the personal accounts in video footage that mistakes were made by U.S. forces in determining who was an actual Vietcong guerrilla and who were innocent villagers.{TRUE}

As testimony to the power of the Vietcong, American warplanes faced more resistance when they were bombing targets in North Vietnam than when they bombed targets in South Vietnam.{FALSE}

It is clear from the historical evidence that Operation Rolling Thunder was, in the end, a failure, and that the flow of supplies from North to South along the Ho Chi Minh Trail was never halted or seriously reduced.{TRUE}

It is clear from the evidence presented in the videos that all religious-minded people and academics opposed U.S. involvement in the war in Vietnam.{FALSE}

Much of the televised opposition to the war in Vietnam came to a peak at the 1968 Democratic Convention in Chicago, were police battled with demonstrators and Richard Nixon was nominated as the Democratic candidate to oppose Republican Hubert Humphrey.{FALSE}

North Vietnam's Premier Pham Van Dong sent a message of friendship to the organizers of a demonstration by the Moratorium, an anti-war demonstration in 1969.  Regardless of their intention, American demonstrators were giving comfort and/or encouragement to the communist enemy in Vietnam.  At the very least, there was clear evidence that Hanoi was diligently reading U.S. public opinion and demonstrations.{TRUE}

In 1968, Tet was the first major offensive of the Vietnam War where American soldiers played a significant role in the ground war.{FALSE}

According to the video, as a military operation, the Tet offensive had succeeded. The southern Vietcong guerrilla forces were killed or captured in large numbers. After 1968, the war was increasingly fought by North Vietnamese as a conventional conflict. The political goal of forcing President Thieu of South Vietnam to accept a coalition government was also successful.{FALSE}

Richard Nixon reduced the number of American troops in Vietnam during his presidency.  This also greatly reduced the number of U.S. soldier deaths, by more than half in 1970 alone.{TRUE}

Even in Vietnam, racial problems between white and black soldiers occurred on a regular basis, but were lessened in times of direct combat.{TRUE}

According to one interviewee, the U.S. did destroy a good number of NVA supplies in Cambodia.  Therefore, in that very narrow sense, that the operation was probably a success. But of course one must weigh that versus what happened later in Cambodia and what the impact was politically at home in the U.S and places like Kent State.  Taking that into consideration, and regardless of President Richard Nixon's claims to the contrary, the expansion of the war into Cambodia was probably, on balance, a failure.{TRUE}

The extent of Nixon's secret bombing was not uncovered by Congress until July 1973, four years after it had started. Nixon had waged war in Cambodia without Congressional approval. It prompted angry Congressional reaction. It was for THIS reason, and NOT ::[html]The extent of Nixon's secret bombing was not uncovered by Congress until July 1973, four years after it had started. Nixon had waged war in Cambodia without Congressional approval. It prompted angry Congressional reaction. It was for THIS reason, and NOT the Watergate cover-up and Pentagon Paper affair, which led to the first call for Nixon's impeachment.{FALSE}

America was trying to stop North Vietnam from send::America was trying to stop North Vietnam from sending soldiers and supplies to the South, trying to force the Communist leaders in Hanoi to give up their long-held goal of a unified Vietnam.  By early 1968, America had dropped almost three million tons of bombs on Vietnam -- twice the tonnage dropped on Germany and Japan in World War II.{TRUE}

The 11-day Christmas bombings were compared to the atomic blast on Hiroshima in World War II. And the tonnage of bombs dropped on the Hanoi-Haiphong area was actually greater.  But since the targets were more dispersed and the deaths were far fewer, totaling 1,318 in Hanoi, comparing these two bombing events inflicted by the United States is not a historically accurate or meaningful exercise.{TRUE}

PICTURES FOR THE FOLLOWING

Some of the claims made against the televised, anti-war demonstrations at home was that these demonstrations prolonged the war, encouraged the Communists, and cost lives on both sides.{TRUE}

The number of active and demonstrating war protesters to the Vietnam War from 1968-1975 was always a minority of the American population.{TRUE}

When it became clear that members of Congress opposed President Johnson's handling of military matters in Vietnam in 1967, Congress stopped allocating money for the war and actually helped to reduce troop levels.{FALSE}

At the conclusion of the battle for Hue, following the Tet offensive, bodies of South Vietnamese citizens who had been imprisoned and executed by the communists were discovered in mass graves. Bodies of officials, army officers, priests, and students were found with smashed skulls and arms tied. Others, it was determined, had been buried alive.{TRUE}

In Vietnam, during the first six months of 1969, an average of more than 800 Americans were wounded each week. Each week more than 200 Americans were killed. Each week more than 450 of their South Vietnamese allies died alongside them. Each day more than 500 North Vietnamese and Vietcong were counted dead. These statistics prove beyond any doubt, that the current American experience in Iraq & Afghanistan today is much worse and more costly than it was in Vietnam in 1969.{FALSE}