Between 1640 and 1660, the nature of European immigration into North America changed, for reasons including: A. The lucrative tobacco industry lured an increasing number of immigrants to Virginia. B. Declining deaths due to epidemics curtailed wars in the northeastern part of North America. C. Laws regarding indentured servitude were relaxed. D. Relatively peaceful conditions in England deterred English citizens from emigrating. ANSWER: A What was often a result of the Indian concept of warfare? A. captivity of adult males to insure continuation of their population B. immediate death of those captured so as to avoid the pain of torture C. capture of women and children who were more likely to accept life in captivity D. grudging acknowledgement by the colonists that the Indians were indeed braver than their European counterparts ANSWER: C Which of these is one of the ways the landscape of the Great Lakes region was changed by violence and disease? A. captivity and disbursement of the Huron B. rise of the Huron, who became the most powerful Indian tribe in the Great Lakes region C. decline of the Iroquois, who were forced to flee the area and relocate further west D. merging of the Iroquois and Huron into one formidable confederation ANSWER: A The Covenant Chain was an alliance formed in the 1670s by the A. Iroquois and other Indian tribes for the purpose of making war on the English. B. Jesuit missionaries in an effort to convert natives to Catholicism. C. English officials in New York to make peace between the Iroquois and the English. D. French merchants to expand the fur trade. ANSWER: C During the 1640s the ________________ increased the way colonists participated in the Atlantic trade network. A. Pueblo conflict B. English Civil Wars C. Glorious Revolution D. New England Company ANSWER: B The Society of Friends of New England A. readily gained acceptance due to their egalitarian view of society. B. were accepted in the colonies but not in England. C. gained the admiration of ministers and officials who appreciated their peaceful approach to colonial controversies. D. alienated leaders because they refused to conform to certain social rituals. ANSWER: D According to John Winthrop, what was the ultimate basis for the success of the Massachusetts Bay colony? A. successful incorporation of the African slave trade in Massachusetts B. ability of the colony to focus on one lucrative export C. the colony’s new ironworks business D. trade with other North American colonies as well as Europe and the West Indies ANSWER: D 8. By 1680 Barbados was one of England’s most successful colonies, prospering as a result of A. the rise in sugar cane production. B. a highly educated population. C. the laxity of laws dealing with slavery. D. an unusually high percentage of multi-skilled workers. ANSWER: A Which group made up the majority of the population of Barbados in the mid to late 17th century? A. Wealthy planters B. African slaves C. Indentured servants D. Irish emigrants ANSWER: B Barbados was the first English colony in the Americas to institute a slave code, which A. was only applicable to the enslaved Africans. B. applied to slaves and indentured servants equally. C. became the blueprint for slave legislation in other colonies. D. encouraged non-physical ways of dealing with slaves so as to protect them from injuries which might inhibit their effectiveness in the fields. ANSWER: C As a result of the power struggles between the friars and the governors in Florida, A. New Mexicans accepted friars and their missions as an integral part of New Mexico’s development. B. the power of the friars was diminished. C. the Franciscans gained dominance in New Mexico. D. the Franciscans agreed to incorporate some Indian spiritual traditions into Catholic rituals. ANSWER: C Which of these was among the reactions to the Navigation Acts of 1651, put into effect by Charles II? A. European observers interpreted them to mean that England did not place much value on the colonies. B. English merchants were not in favor of them because they restricted trade. C. Colonial merchants recognized the laws would increase their market share on a global level. D. Colonists objected to the restrictions on what countries they could trade with directly. ANSWER: D Which of these was one of the consequences of the Second Anglo-Dutch War (1664-1667)? A. freedom of the Iroquois Indians from the Dutch B. English purchase of New Amsterdam from the Dutch C. renaming of New Netherland to New York D. victory of the Dutch over the English fleet after a bloody skirmish ANSWER: C As a result of the intermingling of the Dutch and English in New Amsterdam, A. the Dutch Reformed Church assumed a more prominent role. B. English women lost many of their property rights. C. Dutch inheritance laws grew more restrictive. D. political divisions between the Dutch and English disappeared. ANSWER: A Which statement best summarizes the views of France’s finance minister, Colbert? A. He believed the colonists should be treated the same as the citizens of France. B. Colbert embraced an economic policy of mercantilism. C. He did not think it was necessary to supply the colonists with military protection. D. Colbert did not think that Canada would play a major role in revitalizing the French economy. ANSWER: B In contrast to women in France, the female colonists of New France A. tended to marry at an older age. B. had fewer children. C. were more likely to come from countries other than France. D. tended to resist family situations. ANSWER: C France’s inability to model New France after the successful New England colonies was partly due to A. the high cost of providing goods to a bigger market. B. the large number of immigrants it had to contend with. C. its lack of Indian allies. D. the reluctance of French men to intermarry with Indian women. ANSWER: A By 1675, asVirginia society underwent complex changes, which of these statements was true? A. Virginians instituted laws that taxed all field workers, including white women. B. Free black women no longer had to pay a field tax. C. The race of a child was determined by its father. D. Virginians were still not allowed to trade directly with the Royal African Company for African slaves. ANSWER: D In what ways were the lives of women in the Chesapeake region different from those of other women colonists? A. Women in Virginia had an ample supply of suitors who treated them with more respect than most colonial women could expect. B. Virginia’s laws protected female servants against unwanted advances from their masters. C. Women were compensated for time off during pregnancy as a reward for contributing to the population. D. Children who were the product of a relationship between a master and a servant often spent at least part of their lives in servitude. ANSWER: D In Virginia, as in other colonies, what was one of the effects of Bacon’s Rebellion? A. It solidified relations among the Virginia colonists who united against the Indians. B. It raised concerns about the developing white underclass. C. Its participants accepted the practice of rewarding supporters with valuable land grants. D. It re-established King Charles II’s faith in Governor Berkeley’s policies. ANSWER: B Proprietors who acquired large land grants in Carolina A. were mainly Barbadians, who had a large influence on the development of the colony. B. agreed that the right to negotiate land concessions from the Indians would be left to the governors of the respective states. C. encouraged colonists to establish trade in the interior areas of the state. D. acknowledged the right of slaves who accepted Christianity to apply for their freedom. ANSWER: A By the late 17th century, the slave trade in Carolina A. led to better relations between the English and Spanish, who shared a similar philosophy regarding African slaves. B. accelerated the transformation of Indian politics. C. increased the lure of settlement, due to the establishment of peaceful relations between colonists and Indians. D. included direct shipment of slaves from West Africa to Carolina. ANSWER: B How did New England colonists attempt to solidify relations with England? A. They relied on the English for education regarding the natural world. B. They acknowledged their inferior status. C. They formed groups to glorify God and increase their prestige with the English. D. The colonists relied on state authority over church authority. ANSWER: C Which of the following statement best characterizes King Philip’s War? A. It was costly for both sides. B. The war was over quickly. C. The war caused little disruption to Puritan society. D. Indian tribes retreated and reestablished their cultures. ANSWER: A During the 17th century, most Indians were killed by A. English colonists. B. French colonists. C. Other Indians. D. Diseases. ANSWER: D What happened when the Spanish fled New Mexico immediately following the Pueblo’s war for independence in 1680? A. All Pueblo supported Popé’s reforms. B. Many Pueblo decided their future looked better under Spanish influence. C. Peace returned among the Pueblo and Apache. D. Spain never re-entered New Mexico. ANSWER: B In many cases, the acquisition of land from the Indians, especially in North America, A. was accomplished by peaceful negotiations. B. had no effect on proprietors who had title to adjoining land grants. C. gave the British monarchy cheap ways to reward patronage and pay debts. D. did not influence religious settlement. ANSWER: C Most of Pennsylvania’s residents during the late 17th century A. continued hostilities with the Indians. B. practiced policies of pacifism. C. did not settle there for religious reasons but mostly for trading opportunities. D. consisted of young men and women who were interested in gaining individual economic independence. ANSWER: B When James II became King of England in 1685, A. he was forced to abdicate due to his Catholic beliefs. B. he gave his total support to the Anglican Church, resulting in a dispute with Parliament. C. he supported the Edict of Nantes, thereby continuing to allow Huguenots to practice their religion without fear of interference. D. there was a bloody conflict with the French over territorial claims in 1688. ANSWER: A Which of these was a response to the regulations by Edmond Andros> A. revocation of Massachusetts’ charter B. lessening of restrictions by England C. property ownership was no longer a qualification for voting D. targeted aggression against farmers ANSWER: A Changes in the laws regarding indentured servitude in Virginia in the mid-1600s A. increased the number of indentured servants used for labor. B. decreased the number of slaves required in Virginia. C. improved Virginia’s reputation regarding its treatment of indentured servants. D. allowed the emancipation of children born out of wedlock to occur earlier than the standards set in English law. ANSWER: D Deaths from epidemics, especially smallpox, A. Changed the way neighboring Indian tribes interacted with each other. B. Mostly affected the new European immigrants who had no immunity. C. Affected primarily the Indian children. D. Were limited due to communal healing rituals of the Indians. ANSWER: A “Mourning Wars,” a tradition practiced by Indians such as the Iroquois A. were used mostly as a way to replenish the male population. B. had little effect on the Huron nation. C. usually meant the outright slaughter of only colonists to avenge Indian deaths. D. always occurred immediately after sunrise. ANSWER: A Which statement would be included in a summary of colonists’ responses to the English civil wars? A. Most colonists declared their support of Oliver Cromwell. B. Virginians refused to accept immigrants who supported the monarchy. C. Colonists increased efforts to defend themselves against claims of religious intolerance D. There was a renewed effort to accept only The Church of England as the religious authority. ANSWER: C What effect did the English civil wars have on colonial development? A. Colonists successfully transported their vision of a godly society to England. B. The economic diversity in the New England colonies increased. C. The new religious sect called the Society of Friends gained acceptance. D. The development of industries such as shipbuilding was curtailed. ANSWER: B What was a result of the increasing contact between New Englanders and the Caribbean area? A. Massachusetts Bay colony saw a decrease in the amount of goods exported directly to England. B. Rhode Island outlawed lifelong slavery. C. Anti-slavery views became more popular. D. Boston merchants refused to engage in the slave trade. ANSWER: B By the middle of the 17th century New England and Barbados were dependent upon each other for trade, because A. New England produced molasses that was necessary to the Barbados diet. B. the forests in Barbados provided wood for goods produced in New England. C. many New Englanders went to Barbados, since the relative ease of sugar cane production promised quick profits. D. New England was able to supply Barbados with food and other necessities, thereby freeing up the labor force. ANSWER: D Life in Barbados usually meant A. an easy ride for indentured servants compared to their counterparts in Virginia. B. a middle class existence with more rights than were enjoyed by the middle class in England. C. an established planter-ruled society. D. a diversified economy that produced a variety of exportable goods. ANSWER: C By 1633 Spanish friars successfully established a mission in the Florida Panhandle, causing A. increased tensions between friars, officials and Indians. B. Apalachee Indians to unite in their desire to convert. C. a decrease in inter-tribal warfare. D. the Apalachee to become part of Florida’s growing trade network. ANSWER: A How did changes in England’s governmental structure in 1660 affect the colonies? A. The number of English colonists entering New Netherlands increased dramatically. B. Charles II created a committee to monitor colonial affairs. C. There was a temporary halt to the founding of new colonies. D. The new English government relinquished more power to the colonies. ANSWER: B England’s motives for instituting the Navigation Acts of 1651 included: A. to curtail colonial trade with the Dutch. B. to give the colonists a trading advantage over other nations. C. to reduce the amount of duties on certain goods such as tobacco. D. to reduce piracy on the high seas, especially with the French. ANSWER: A What was the purpose of the Articles of Capitulation? A. They forbade the Dutch from practicing their religious beliefs in New York. B. The Dutch were allowed to move freely within the English Empire. C. They prevented the Dutch from reconquering New York. D. The Dutch were forced to serve in the English military. ANSWER: B The English occupation of New York A. resulted in the repair of relations between the Dutch and English. B. restricted the Dutch in their ability to continue their religious practices. C. eventually created class and ethnic tensions. D. forbade the intermarriage of Dutch with the English. ANSWER: C As part of the strategy to control the colonies in New France, the French A. increased their slaughter of the Iroquois. B. convinced the Iroquois to forge alliances with neighboring English colonies. C. created an alliance with the Mohawk, who were French supporters. D. agreed to withdraw Jesuits from the area. ANSWER: B One of the few goals proposed by Colbert that New France was able to achieve was A. the colony became a large contributor to France’s imperial economy. B. New France established an economy that no longer relied mainly on the fur trade for support. C. surpassing England in trade with the French West Indies. D. increasing the number of native-born French Canadians. ANSWER: D How did the French relationship with the Indians affect their position in North America? A. The French were denied access to the interior land claimed by the Iroquois. B. The French were unable to establish trading posts along a major waterway due to Iroquois resistance. C. The French intermarried with Indian women and created strategic alliances. D. The French lacked the necessary outposts needed to guard western access. ANSWER: C Up to the 1650s, the expansion of African slavery in the Chesapeake area was a gradual process due to A. the decline in the numbers of available slaves because of internal warring among African nations. B. the decline of trade with West Indies’ planters. C. a plentiful supply of indentured servants. D. the fact that African slavers did not want to deal with the English laws of slavery practiced in the Chesapeake region. ANSWER: C Virginian laws regarding indentured servitude that were enacted during the 1660s A. always followed the English common law. B. differed from English common law in that they allowed slaves who were Christianized the ability to sue for their freedom. C. had a negative effect on enslaved fathers. D. immediately increased the number of slaves purchased due to the weakening of restrictive legislation. ANSWER: C As a result of Bacon’s Rebellion, A. Governor Berkeley gained enormous respect from Charles II for the way he handled the situation. B. the threat of Indian attacks was diminished. C. white supremacy tactics temporarily lost ground. D. there was a decrease in the numbers of African slaves purchased due to fear of black population growth. ANSWER: B What was one of the most unusual traits of Carolina’s slave trafficking? A. Most slaves came from Barbados. B. There were no laws regarding the treatment of slaves. C. It included Indians both as traffickers and as a commodity. D. It created an acceptance of West African culture. ANSWER: C New England colonists became increasingly concerned over their relationship with England during the mid 17th century, partly because of A. anxiety over the loss of church membership, which would weaken the bonds between church and state. B. political support of Quakers who were despised in England. C. increasing suspicions over English power arrangements. D. the Indians’ petition to Charles II for the continued support of the Massachusetts government. ANSWER: A King Philip’s War of 1675-76 had its roots in A. The desire of the colonists to share land only with the Algonquians resulting in inter-tribal jealousies. B. The inability of the Algonquians to pay their debts. C. The refusal of the Indians to adapt pig raising as a means of providing food to their tribes. D. Metacom’s insistence that the Indians remain adversaries of the colonists. ANSWER: B ____________________ created multiple problems for American Indians, including the question of who had the right to govern them. A. King William’s War B. Dominion of Virginia C. James II D. Jacob Leisler ANSWER: A The Pueblo war for independence in New Mexico during the 1680s A. most likely was a result of the Spanish cracking down on Pueblo rituals. B. would have succeeded if the Pueblo allied themselves with another Indian group. C. occurred due to Pueblo desire for independence from the Navajo nation. D. resulted in the Spanish tempering their treatment of the Pueblo, especially the women. ANSWER: A As leader of the Pueblo, Popé claimed A. the Pueblo could end their suffering if they converted. B. that monogamy should be practiced by the Pueblo as a way of solidifying family relations. C. the adoption of Christian names would increase their chances of eternal salvation. D. the Pueblo had to regain favor of the gods by returning to the old ways. ANSWER: D Ultimately, the legacy of Popé included the A. expulsion of friars from New Mexico. B. Spanish releasing the Pueblo and other Indians in New Mexico from Spanish rule. C. surrender by the Pueblo, who were forced to turn to other tribes for protection. D. rejection of all Spanish influence by the Pueblo. ANSWER: C Quakers who were lured to Pennsylvania during the late 17th century A. fought to end African enslavement. B. came only from England. C. usually settled in areas populated by other religious groups. D. settled in Philadelphia because of its scarcity of population. ANSWER: A William Penn was instrumental in A. keeping Philadelphia from becoming an overcrowded urban center. B. recruiting single men to fulfill positions of Delaware River merchants. C. banishing slavery and the slave trade from Pennsylvania. D. establishing amicable relations with the Delaware Indians. ANSWER: D By creating the Dominion of New England, James II A. increased colonial unity. B. gave each colony its own governor. C. abolished representative assemblies. D. created an inter-colonial militia. ANSWER: C Jacob Leisler’s rebellion showed that A. colonists disagreed about the amount of control England should have over the colonies. B. very few colonists were in support of William and Mary. C. the Dutch did not have much power in New York. D. the target for any political concerns was always the Indians. ANSWER: A Between 1640 and 1660 the _______________ were a way for Indians to defend their hunting grounds. A. Beaver Wars B. Mourning Wars C. Huron Captivities D. Great Lakes Wars ANSWER: A By the end of the 17th century A. political issues in England still had an impact on colonial actions and policies. B. relations between the colonists and Indians had resolved. C. religious tolerance was no longer an enticement to European immigrants. D. England and France no longer vied for control of North America as each country was satisfied with the division of the continent. ANSWER: A The English civil wars during the 1640s A. had almost no consequences for the colonists. B. were connected to the witchcraft scare in North America. C. resulted in the reaffirmation of Charles I as the supreme leader. D. led to an increase in English ministers coming to the colonies. ANSWER: B What conclusion did the English draw from King Philip’s War and Bacon’s Rebellion? A. The colonists could handle themselves in internal disputes. B. They needed tighter control over the colonies. C. The Anglican Church needed to exert more control over the colonial clergy. D. The Indians could never be subdued and therefore alliances with them were not possible in the future. ANSWER: B The coronation of William and Mary created violence in both America and Europe, and A. colonists loyal to the monarchy sought to return to England and join the revolt. B. colonists successfully invaded Canada resulting in large scale Catholic conversions. C. it accelerated the acceptance of women as equal partners. D. it created confusion over who had the right to govern in Massachusetts. ANSWER: D Which British colony had the highest concentration of African Americans? A. Maryland B. Virginia C. West Indies D. Carolina ANSWER: C What was the key to economic development in the New England colonies? A. Shipbuilding and fishing B. Ironworks industry C. Slave trade D. Tobacco ANSWER: A Why did the colonial population increase more rapidly than that of England? A. There were more women in the colonies. B. Colonial men and women married at an earlier age. C. The English were exposed to more diseases than the colonists. D. Better weather conditions in the colonies increased agricultural production. ANSWER: B The ______________ were guided by an “inner light” which was the ability to determine what God wanted for them and for the world. A. Pilgrims B. Puritans C. Quakers D. Anglicans ANSWER: C By the late 17th centuries some colonists such as ______________ were looking for ways to glorify God through the natural world. A. Cotton Mather B. William Penn C. Roger Bacon D. Edmund Andros ANSWER: A As a result of epidemics and Spanish demands for tribute and labor, the population of which group of Florida Indians had fallen from 30,000 to 10,000 by the mid-17th century? A. Apache B. Cherokee C. Huron D. Apalachee ANSWER: D Who was Maryland’s royal governor during the English Civil War? A. Leonard Calvert B. Margaret Brent C. Oliver Cromwell D. John Eliot ANSWER: A When the governor of Maryland refused to support William and Mary as the true monarchs of England, a group called the ________________arrested him and his council. A. Mercantile elite B. Militias C. Protestant Associators D. Dominion “8” ANSWER: C By 1656 the grievances of the Timucua Indians against Florida’s governor had escalated, and as a result A. the Timucua attacked the Spanish friars who ran the missions. B. the Governor of Florida was forced to stand trial for abuse of office. C. the Timucua were given Florida land for resettlement. D. the power of the friars decreased. ANSWER: B How did the Timucua revolt in Florida affect the Pueblo in New Mexico? A. The Pueblo were eventually given more freedom by the governor. B. The governor of New Mexico outlawed involuntary Indian labor at the missions. C. Pueblo and friars were in accord with the practice of Indian rituals. D. Friars sided with the governor and gave up their power base in New Mexico. ANSWER: B By the 1660s monarchs from England and France A. curtailed immigration to the colonies. B. discouraged violence in the colonies. C. attempted to unite the scattered colonies. D. were unsuccessful at implementing significant changes in the colonies. ANSWER: D The English Navigation Acts of 1651 A. were enthusiastically accepted by the colonists. B. faced resistance from English merchants. C. were criticized by colonists as too restrictive. D. were aimed at curtailing colonial trade with Dutch merchants. ANSWER: D Which of these was a factor in sparking the Anglo-Dutch Wars of 1664-1667? A. The English attacked Dutch shipping. B. The Dutch refused to trade with the colonists. C. The Dutch attacked West African slave nations. D. There was a violent uprising in New Amsterdam by the Dutch. ANSWER: A Chesapeake planters had trouble finding servants because A. by 1660 immigration was at a standstill. B. Barbados was claiming most indentured servants. C. they were unwilling to pay a decent wage. D. most English men and women were moving to Ireland. ANSWER: C What happened to the various tribes of Indians during the period 1640-1660? A. The Apalachee gained power in the southwest. B. The Iroquois gained power in the northeast. C. The Pueblo gained power in New Mexico. D. The Indians were defeated in every section of North America. ANSWER: B