What was the main purpose of the Lewis and Clark expedition?
A. to explore the St. Lawrence River
B. to explore Canada for possible annexation
C. to claim territory beyond the Missouri River
D. to move western Indians to reservations
ANSWER: C

What did Americans learn from Pike’s journey through the Louisiana territory?
A. That the Indians could be subdued.
B. There were easy trade routes to the Pacific.
C. Western expansion would be difficult.
D. Nothing, it was a complete failure.
ANSWER: C

How did John Astor make his fortune in America?
A. diplomacy with the Indians
B. exploration
C. fur trade
D. gold mining
ANSWER: C

During the Napoleonic Wars, the U.S. took advantage of trading with what country?
A. China
B. Japan
C. India
D. Philippines
ANSWER: A

What kept Americans from trading with India prior to 1783?
A. Americans did not have the shipbuilding technology for the long distance trade.
B. They were too concerned about the American Revolution.
C. The East India Company held the monopoly on trade with India.
D. They didn’t find India’s goods attractive.
ANSWER: C

By the 1830s, Americans were shipping __________ from the Great Lakes region India.
A. ice
B. weapons
C. tools
D. fish
ANSWER: A

Jefferson’s vision for a stable national government involved the inclusion of __________  as a primary component of the economy.
A. military men
B. merchants
C. farmers
D. explorers
ANSWER: C

According to Jefferson, what two things were necessary to accomplish his goal for the American economy?
A. commercial manufacturing and trade
B. expanded markets and land
C. financial markets and a National Bank
D. internal taxes and bankers
ANSWER: B

Which was the first territory to become a state following the signing of the Constitution?
A. Rhode Island
B. Louisiana
C. Tennessee
D. Vermont
ANSWER: D

What kept most southerners from moving into the Northwest territory?
A. The land was unsuitable for plantation farming.
B. Slavery was prohibited.
C. It was too cold to grow cotton.
D. The Indian conflicts caused unrest.
ANSWER: B

What controversial issued caused the application of Missouri for statehood to be contentious?
A. disruption of the balance of power in the Senate
B. not enough eligible voters to consider statehood
C. slavery
D. Indian relations
ANSWER: C

Although ___________ presented amendments to Missouri’s application for statehood that were accepted by the House of Representatives, the Senate struck them down.
A. Henry Clay
B. Jesse Thomas
C. James Monroe
D. James Tallmadge
ANSWER: D

Which of the following repercussions resulted from the U.S. decision to outlaw the slave trade in 1808?
A. There was a decline in slaves available for plantation work.
B. The lives of slaves improved because they were in high demand.
C. It created an internal slave trade.
D. There were more jobs available for poor whites.
ANSWER: C

In what year was the first federal Fugitive Slave Act passed?
A. 1776
B. 1793
C. 1810
D. 1830
ANSWER: B

The American Colonization Society
A. advocated the establishment of reservations in the Northwest territory for free black slaves.
B. received most of its support from the slave society.
C. supported the transport of African Americans to Liberia.
D. was opposed by most white Americans.
ANSWER: C

Why did the Spanish encourage settlement in California during the 1780s and 1790s? 
A. They needed a buffer between the Russian and British settlements in Oregon, and the silver mines in Mexico.
B. California provided a lucrative agricultural base for fruit growing.
C. The Spanish were experiencing overcrowding in Mexico.
D. They were looking for access to Asian ports.
ANSWER: A

Why did the missions play such an integral part in Spanish expansion in California?
A. Friars protected the Indian population from unfair labor practices.
B. Friars were large employers of Indians.
C. Catholicism united the population.
D. Rome provided protection to the Spanish from European encroachment.
ANSWER: B

How did the movement of goods, people and ideas across North America affect the population?
A. It prevented Americans from disengaging themselves from European customs.
B. Americans were too busy to think about societal changes.
C. It made it difficult for Americans to establish their own cultural identity.
D. It provided Americans with a distinct vision of how to live peacefully with non-American groups of people.
ANSWER: C

What strategy did southern Indians use to adapt to their place in America?
A. military resistance
B. acculturation
C. cultural revival of Indian customs
D. voluntary emigration to western territories
ANSWER: B

What was expected of American women under the concept of “republican motherhood”?
A. to be informed about political issues
B. raise children to be good citizens
C. influence their husbands’ voting choices
D. provide all their children with equal educational opportunities
ANSWER: B

According to historians, what percent of the white population could read by 1790?
A. 50%
B. 60%
C. 75%
D. 90%
ANSWER: D

Most American literature prior to 1825 revolved around what theme?
A. patriotism
B. Western exploration
C. the American Revolution
D. the War of 1812
ANSWER: C

Who is considered the first U.S. literary celebrity?
A. Washington Irving
B. Susannah Rowson
C. James Fenimore Cooper
D. Charlotte Temple
ANSWER: B

By the 1790s, most states allowed Americans to legally participate in
A. horse racing.
B. cock fighting.
C. foot races.
D. theater.
ANSWER: D

Where were African America most successful in developing their own culture?
A. on plantations
B. in cities
C. in western territories
D. in southern states
ANSWER: B

What action did the South Carolina state legislature take in response to an 1822 slave rebellion?
A. Male slaves were physically punished.
B. All slaves in the state were required to pay a fine to the state government.
C. Blacks were forbidden to form separate black churches.
D. Blacks were banned from working outside the plantations.
ANSWER: C

As a result of the Great Awakening, the _____________ Church experienced one of the greatest increases in membership.
A. Catholic
B. Methodist
C. Lutheran
D. Presbyterian
ANSWER: B

What was one of the major issues facing Monroe during his first term as president?
A. expansion
B. slavery
C. foreign affairs
D. national bank
ANSWER: D

_______________ was a major catalyst in pursuing aggressive tactics to acquire additional U.S. territory.
A. Andrew Jackson
B. Jose Mascot
C. James Long
D. George Canning
ANSWER: A

What important concept was put in place with the Monroe Doctrine?
A. Foreign countries were required to stay out of North and South America.
B. The European countries that had a presence in the Americas were forced to give up their colonies to the United States.
C. The U.S. had a right to interfere in European politics.
D. The U.S. would welcome European involvement to protect its interests in Latin America.
ANSWER: A


What was the initial purpose of Pike’s expedition in 1806?
A. define the U.S. boundaries in the Louisiana Territory
B. explore the Rio Grande River
C. challenge Spain for the rights to Florida
D. acquire Mexico for the U.S.
ANSWER: A

In what year did Lewis and Clark embark upon their western expedition?
A. 1800
B. 1804
C. 1806
D. 1808
ANSWER: B

What conclusions did most Americans draw from published reports regarding western explorations?
A. The Great Plains were best left to the Indians.
B. The Plains Indians were experiencing a decrease in population.
C. Most Plains Indians lived in peaceful co-existence.
D. Trade networks were not important between Indians and Europeans.
ANSWER: B

What event helped John Astor increase his business profits?
A. Jay’s Treaty
B. War of 1812
C. election of Thomas Jefferson
D. Treaty of Ghent
ANSWER: C

How did Astor manage to survive the downward trend in the fur business during the 1820s?
A. He switched his business strategy to include Indian goods.
B. He invested in western mining exploration.
C. He invested in New York real estate
D. He supplied weapons to foreign countries.
ANSWER: C

American business relations with Canton promoted a lucrative trade in what commodity?
A. Tea
B. Fur
C. Rice
D. Timber
ANSWER: A

As early as 1785,________________ encouraged Americans to develop trade relations with India.
A. George Washington
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. Alexander Hamilton
D. John Adams
ANSWER: D

Besides generating huge profits, what else did the fur trade advance?
A. western exploration
B. new tax laws
C. trade with British in North America
D. environmental concerns
ANSWER: A

In contrast to Jefferson’s philosophy, Hamilton believed that the development of _____________ was imperative to the success of the U.S.
A. a merchant society
B. commercial interests
C. agriculture
D. large plantations
ANSWER: B

In what year was the first federal census taken?
A. 1790
B. 1800
C. 1805
D. 1810
ANSWER: A

What event in 1793 caused plantation owners to expand into southern territories?
A. the introduction of better means of transportation
B. the invention of the cotton gin
C. peaceful negotiations with southern Indian tribes
D. homesteading incentives
ANSWER: B

Who was responsible for suggesting that Missouri apply for statehood?
A. James Tallmadge
B. James Madison
C. Thomas Jefferson
D. Henry Clay
ANSWER: D

What was the result of Missouri’s application for statehood?
A. Missouri entered as a free state and all surrounding states would eventually enter as slave states.
B. Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine was admitted as a free state.
C. All future conflicts would be decided by the people in the territory applying for statehood.
D. Missouri was denied admittance until slavery was outlawed in the U.S.
ANSWER: B

The Northwest Ordinance of ___________ outlawed slavery in the Northwest Territory, but freed blacks were still not welcomed.
A. 1787
B. 1795
C. 1803
D. 1808
ANSWER: A

Which of the following was one of the provisions of the Fugitive Slave Act?
A. Runaway slaves were allowed to find safety in “free” states.
B. Anyone who helped escaped slaves would be fined.
C. Legal remedies were provided, to determine whether runaway slaves should be returned to their masters.
D. Slave families were allowed to stay together if they were caught.
ANSWER: B

Free African Americans who were discouraged by their treatment in the U.S. sometimes chose to migrate out of America to
A. Mexico City
B. Sierra Leone
C. London
D. Paris
ANSWER: B

What was the opinion of free African Americans regarding the colonization movement?
A. Most African Americans supported the idea because it provided a means to achieve independence.
B. They rejected the idea of racism that it promoted.
C. It provided them with a sense of hope for the future.
D. Although they agreed with the plan, most were unable to afford the passage.
ANSWER: B

What caused the Spanish to successfully expand in California?
A. success of the mission system
B. agricultural advancements
C. mining opportunities
D. wealthy hacienda owners
ANSWER: B

During the War of 1812, the ____________ fought a civil war over internal disagreements regarding assimilation.
A. Choctaw
B. Creek
C. Cherokee
D. Chickasaw
ANSWER: B

What caused women in the new republic to experience expanded educational opportunities?
A. They were influenced by British feminists.
B. They were encouraged by men to pursue education.
C. The early republic provided a variety of job opportunities for women.
D. Women wanted to be educated voters.
ANSWER: A

Why was the percentage of literate slaves so small?
A. They were too busy to learn to read.
B. Books were unavailable to slaves.
C. Slaves were prohibited from learning to read.
D. Most slaves had no desire to learn to read.
ANSWER: C

Prior to 1825, why did Americans import most of their books from Great Britain?
A. They respected British writers.
B. There were no American authors at that time.
C. Printing in the U.S. was too expensive.
D. Americans wanted to continue a cultural relationship with the British.
ANSWER: C

What allowed African Americans to finally develop their own culture?
A. The end of the slave trade.
B. Slaves began writing about their experiences.
C. White women encouraged them to develop musically.
D. Internal migration to new territories created diversity.
ANSWER: A

Why did Madison change his mind about supporting a National Bank?
A. Support of the bank would help him get re-elected.
B. Disruption of foreign trade during the War of 1812 proved it was necessary.
C. All major European countries had a national bank.
D. He wanted to help private merchants.
ANSWER: B 

Which is an accurate statement of the positions of Madison and Clay?
A. They both supported internal improvements.
B. Madison saw the need for a National Road, but Clay did not.
C. Both agreed on the necessity of funding transportation from public land sales.
D. Neither one wanted the Bank to be located in Philadelphia.
ANSWER: A

The Panic of 1819 was partly a result of 
A. an increase in the amounts of gold and silver on the market.
B. the continued decline of the British economy.
C. the U.S. Bank allowing payment of debts in hard currency.
D. inflation.
ANSWER: D

What controversial issue was settled as a result of the Supreme Court’s decision in McCulloch v. Maryland?
A. the role of government in business matters
B. the role of the states in interstate commerce
C. the constitutionality of the National Bank
D. the election procedures for President and Vice-President 
ANSWER: C

What argument did the U.S. use to justify the threat of taking Florida from the Spanish?
A. Florida was on the North American continent and therefore should be part of the U.S.
B. The Spanish were too far away to rule effectively.
C. Spain could no longer afford to retain colonies in North America.
D. The Spanish were unable to control the Seminole Indians.
ANSWER: D

As President, John Adams was particularly successful in matters of
A. foreign policy.
B. economic expansion.
C. Indian relations.
D. global trade.
ANSWER: A

As part of his aggressive foreign policy, Adams
A. refused to allow Spain to retain Cuba and Puerto Rico as colonies.
B. allowed Russia to claim limited  territory in Oregon.
C. gave France the French West Indies in return for the remaining French territories in North America.
D. warned of invasion if Spain allowed other European countries to control its territories in Latin America.
ANSWER: D


______________ was important to the success of the Louis and Clark expedition.
A. Zebulon Pike
B. Sacagawea
C. James Wilkinson
D. Facundo  Melgares
ANSWER: B

What caused most of the fighting between rival Indian tribes of the Great Plains during the first half of the 19th century?
A. diminished availability of game
B. epidemics
C. land encroachment
D. the need to acquire horses
ANSWER: B

Following a price drop in the 1790s, American men made __________ a popular fashion statement.
A. leather vests
B. beaver hats
C. cowhide boots
D. silver canes
ANSWER: B

How were Americans able to develop a successful trade with the Chinese?
A. They were adept at bribing.
B. Americans quickly learned the language.
C. Chinese laws favored American trade.
D. U.S. and China shared diplomatic relations.
ANSWER: A

What was the first area west of the Mississippi River to apply for statehood?
A. Mississippi
B. Oregon
C. Missouri
D. Louisiana
ANSWER: C

How did the Missouri Compromise affect future applications for statehood?
A. It created an effective means of dealing with all future state applications.
B. It satisfied both the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions.
C. It prevented territories from applying for statehood until the slavery issue was resolved completely.
D. An imaginary line separated the northern (free) territories from southern (slaveholding) territories; the status of slavery would be determined by location.
ANSWER: D

Which of the following statements is the most accurate?
A. Prominent women in the early 19th century had no direct political influence.
B. Unmarried women were not allowed to own businesses.
C. Women were discouraged from participating in political rallies.
D. Poor women had little political input.
ANSWER: D

What was one of the major issues of contention regarding the re-chartering of the Second Bank of the United States?
A. It did not help private merchants.
B. There would be no control over private investors.
C. There was an increased risk of bank fraud.
D. There was no constitutional authority to establish a National Bank.
ANSWER: D

In general, the constitutional issues decided by the Marshall Supreme Court
A. gave Congress broader powers under the Constitution.
B. limited the powers of Congress.
C. hindered the ability of businesses to expand.
D. curtailed individual freedoms.
ANSWER: A

What significant issue did the Convention of 1818 settle?
A. determination of the U.S./Canadian border
B. Spanish borders in the southern territories
C. the involvement of the British in the Great Lakes area
D. the location of reservations for the Plains Indians
ANSWER: A

In addition to exploration, what else did Jefferson expect from the Lewis and Clark expedition?
A. observation of plant life
B. exploration of Alaska 
C. development of maps of the southwestern United States
D. dismantling of all British forts
ANSWER: A

What was the one commodity for which the Osage were willing to give up their land?
A. horses
B. weapons
C. farm tools
D. buffalo hides
ANSWER: B

John Astor was able to advance his business substantially by exporting to which of the following countries?
A. India
B. Caribbean
C. China
D. Japan
ANSWER: C

What was the port of contact for American traders in India?
A. New Delhi
B. Calcutta
C. Bombay
D. Bangalore
ANSWER: B

According to Jefferson, ___________ was/were necessary to the development of a distinctly American character.
A. an extensive global trading network
B. educated white men
C. free blacks
D. agriculture
ANSWER: D

Which group of Indians in the south experimented heavily with assimilation strategies?
A. Shawnee
B. Sequoya
C. Creek
D. Cherokee
ANSWER: D

How did women’s legal status change in the new republic?
A. Women did not make any legal advancements.
B. Married women were given more rights of property ownership.
C. It became easier for women to get divorced.
D. Single women and widows were not allowed to own property.
ANSWER: C

Which of the following was one of the broader issues settled by McCulloch v. Maryland?
A. The federal government had the right to supersede state actions.
B. The states had the right to declare federal laws unconstitutional.
C. The powers of Congress were severely limited by the Constitution.
D. Congress could not involve itself in civil matters.
ANSWER: A

The Adams/Onis Treaty
A. extended U.S. borders in the South and West.
B. ceded Texas to the U.S.
C. allowed Spain to continue its claims in Oregon.
D. prevented the U.S. from involvement in Spanish revolutions in North America.
ANSWER: A

In what year did Adams announce the provisions of the Monroe Doctrine?
A. 1808
B. 1815
C. 1823
D. 1830
ANSWER: C

