Although there were many problems with the Louisiana territory, one positive aspect was that it
A. produced a lot of tobacco.
B. required very little oversight.
C. was a gateway to the interior.
D. was free from corruption.
ANSWER: C

In 1700 most of North America was inhabited by
A. English colonists.
B. Indians.
C. Africans.
D. Spanish colonists.
ANSWER: B

The biggest problem the Caddo had with the Spanish was that the
A. Spanish did not respect the Caddo’s gender roles.
B. Spanish took Caddo wives.
C. Spanish were reluctant to trade with the Caddo.
D. missions were no longer places of refuge.
ANSWER: A

Which of these was one of the factors involved in changing the lives of Indians on the northern plains in the early 18th century?
A. increase in Indian power
B. large-scale conversions
C. use of firearms
D. severe epidemics
ANSWER: D

The Spanish felt it necessary to establish a fort near the Gulf Coast in 1685 in order to
A. protect silver mines.
B. threaten the English.
C. protect the Indian population.
D. educate Indian children.
ANSWER: A

By the 18th century the economy of the southwest Indians began to have an environmental impact due to
A. horses destroying grazing land.
B. overfishing.
C. increasing dependence on sheep.
D. an increase in the destruction of trees used for home building.
ANSWER: C

A Navajo ceremony called ______________ was based on the exchange of gifts.
A. reciprocity
B. blessingway
C. panis
D. grand settlement
ANSWER: B

The survival of Louisiana depended in part on
A. grain agriculture.
B. irrigation control.
C. an alliance between the French and English.
D. an alliance between the French and Choctaw.
ANSWER: D

French colonists were successful in the Natchez War because
A. they received help from the Choctaw warriors.
B. the French agreed to provide education to Natchez children.
C. Louis XV continued sending military support.
D. both parties agreed to negotiate a compromise.
ANSWER: A

South Carolina depended on Indians for
A. blankets and cattle.
B. deerskins and slaves.
C. game and fish.
D. cowhides and wool.
ANSWER: B

In the early 18th century _____________ was the main destination for Indians fleeing slavery.
A. Florida
B. Canada
C. the Massachusetts Bay Colony
D. the British Caribbean
ANSWER: D

The Yamasee War (1715-1716)
A. allowed the Yamasee to remain in Florida.
B. created an alliance between English colonists and the Creek Indians.
C. ended the Indian slave trade.
D. took a greater roll on colonists than Indians.
ANSWER: C

What was the relationship between the colonists and Indians in the northeast at the beginning of the 18th century?
A. relations stabilized due to the Grand Settlement
B. relations became more violent
C. colonists lost control and power
D. Indians began converting in large numbers
ANSWER: A

The Fox Wars of the 18th century resulted in
A. enslavement of a large number of Fox.
B. an alliance between the French colonists and the Fox.
C. outlawing of Indian slavery by the French colonial government.
D. a decrease in inter-tribal competition for slaves.
ANSWER: A

Although relations between the various groups of people of the Great Lakes region were mostly stabilized at the beginning of the 18th century, conflict remained over the issue of
A. French acceptance of Indian cultural habits.
B. Indian refusal to accept missionaries.
C. trade.
D. mining rights.
ANSWER: C

What was one of the results of the Iroquois domination in the northeast?
A. The refusal of Iroquois to allow the establishment of French and British forts.
B. Acknowledgement of Iroquois independence from the colonists led to the colonists moving to other areas.
C. The dependence on alcohol increased as trade increased.
D. Colonists’ complete dependence on Indian goods gave the Indians an advantage over the colonists.
ANSWER: C

As a result of the intensification of the Atlantic slave trade,
A. North America became the leading importer of African slaves.
B. African politics were destabilized.
C. there were more enslaved African men than women in the Chesapeake region.
D. there was less emphasis on natural reproduction.
ANSWER: B

How did British colonists attempt to restrict the growing African population?
A. They restricted the interaction between African men and women.
B. Debates regarding the morality of the slave trade increased.
C. They turned to trades that did not involve a large slave workforce.
D. They no longer purchased women of child-bearing age.
ANSWER: B

Virginia slave masters were most concerned about
A. slave conspiracies.
B. religious practices of slaves.
C. intermingling of whites with slave women.
D. lack of respect from slaves.
ANSWER: A

What was the last British colony to pass a comprehensive slave code?
A. New York
B. Massachusetts
C. Virginia
D. Pennsylvania
ANSWER: D

In 1724 Louis XV extended previous unenforced Louisiana laws meant to protect slaves to include
A. increasing the rights of free blacks.
B. encouraging private manumissions.
C. allowing interracial marriages.
D. fining parents of mixed race children.
ANSWER: D

Most colonial laws aimed at free blacks were intended to
A. Blur the color line
B. Enforce restrictions on interracial sexual contact
C. Create a more efficient workforce
D. Restrict travel
ANSWER: B

The introduction of Scots in North America
A. caused a population explosion in the colonies.
B. created additional friction between the British colonists and Indians.
C. introduced elite physicians in British North America.
D. had little influence on the British colonies.
ANSWER: C

Between 1690 and 1730, a significant number of Irish immigrants
A. reduced the number of African slaves needed in the colonies.
B. came to North America because of a country-wide famine.
C. left Ireland because of overcrowding.
D. depended on the linen/flaxseed trade as a means of passage to North America.
ANSWER: D

How did relations change between colonial and royal authority in the late 1600s?
A. Colonists welcomed the celebration of royal holidays but not royal authority.
B. Royal governors began to relinquish control.
C. Colonists wanted more involvement from royal authorities.
D. Regulation of commerce was left to colonial governments to implement.
ANSWER: A

In the late 17th century, the  ____________ initially supported piracy in the Indian Ocean as a means of enhancing merchants’ profitability.
A. East India Company
B. New York colonists
C. British monarchy
D. Massachusetts colonists
ANSWER: B

As a result of the reinstatement of the Royal Navy following its demobilization after Queen Anne’s War.
A. the Navy found itself short on recruits.
B. lucrative trade opportunities developed for residents of New Hampshire.
C. piracy in the Atlantic increased in violence.
D. Sweden and Russia remained the exclusive providers of timber and naval stores for the Navy.
ANSWER: B

 How did the position of the royal governors change by the mid 18th century?
A. They were told by the English government to ease up on colonial control.
B. They had an easier job than their counterparts in England.
C. Royal governors were often hampered by the increase in the number of male voters.
D. Elected colonial assemblies usually deferred to their wishes.
ANSWER: C

________________ helped to enhance the economy of New England.
A. Manufacturing
B. Coinage of silver
C. Inclusion of white women in economic activity
D. The decline of the slave trade
ANSWER: A

Which of the following factors contributed to the communications revolution in the early 18th century?
A. Pony Express mail service across the continent
B. increase in the number of  newspapers in Great Britain
C. increase in the number of taverns
D. decrease in the price of delivery service
ANSWER: C


What was one result of the problems in Louisiana during the 18th century?
A. Louisiana became more independent.
B. Farmers became wealthier as merchants became poorer.
C. France tightened its control over the area resulting in its ability to flourish.
D. It became a poor colony.
ANSWER: D

Between 1702 and 1706, violence among Indian tribes increased due to
A. famine.
B. disease.
C. the Indian slave trade.
D. loss of trading rights with the French.
e.ANSWER: B

The __________ were among the first Indians to acquire horses.
A. Shoshone
B. Comanche
C. Seminole
D. Huron
ANSWER: B

Which of these was a factor affecting Spanish power in the southwest?
A. They could not meet Indian demands for imported goods.
B. The friars were unable to establish positive relations with the Caddo.
C. They failed to establish missions and outposts that supported the Indians.
D. The Spanish did not have sufficient military strength.
ANSWER: A

The Spanish established their presidio in San Antonio to protect themselves and other Indian tribes from the
A. Comanche.
B. Plains Apache.
C. Pueblos.
D. Navajo.
ANSWER: B

What unique skills did the southwest Indians contribute to the growing North American economy?
A. advanced grazing techniques
B. construction skills necessary for building
C. agricultural proficiency
D. weaving skills
ANSWER: D

Although the Pueblo and colonists in New Mexico formed an uneasy alliance, one thing that did not change was
A. Pueblo were still required to construct public buildings.
B. Pueblo refused to join in slaving raids.
C. Pueblo would not assist in defending the colony.
D. Indian leaders were not allowed to choose town leaders.
ANSWER: A

Illinois colonists contributed to the growing diversity of colonial trade by
A. building boats for the Mississippi river trade.
B. expanding the slave trade.
C. pursuing grain agriculture.
D. establishing a lucrative horse trade.
ANSWER: C

An attack by the Natchez and __________ in 1729 was a way of protesting French colonial control.
A. English colonists
B. African slaves
C. Chickasaw
D. Choctaw
ANSWER: B

An internal slave trade began to develop between South Carolina and other colonies because 
A. American-born slaves were more familiar with colonial ways.
B. African slaves cost more due to the vast distance between South Carolina and Africa.
C. colonists believed that American-born slaves worked harder.
D. slaves born in America had a better reputation.
ANSWER: B

How did relations between the colonists in South Carolina and the Indians change in 1715?
A. Certain tribes became resentful of licensed English traders.
B. The ability of the Yamasees to supply enough deerskins created friction with English hunters.
C. A decrease in Indian grievances led to more stable relations.
D. The English became less concerned with acquiring additional land.
ANSWER: A

A conflict in Europe between Britain, France and Spain over who was the legitimate ruler of Spain was decided in
A. The Yamasee War
B. The Tri-country war
C. King William’s War
D. Queen Anne’s War
ANSWER: D

The demand for African slave labor in North America increased due to the
A. decrease in American-born slaves.
B. demands of plantation labor.
C. limits set by African slavers on export quotas.
D. success of Louisiana as a major tobacco producer.
ANSWER: B

The expansion of ________________ cultivation made South Carolina a major destination for African slaves.
A. tobacco
B. wheat
C. rice
D. cotton
ANSWER: C

Similarities in the African experience in the various North American colonies included
A. Language similarities
B. Ratio of men to women
C. Ratin of whites to Africans
D. Colonists’ perception of Africans
ANSWER: D

Homeland rituals important to enslaved Africans centered around
A. tobacco use.
B. rice cultivation.
C. funeral rituals.
D. child raising.
ANSWER: C

Which area in North America was the first to employ more American-born slaves than African slaves?
A. Northeast
B. Virginia
C. South Carolina
D. Chesapeake
ANSWER: D

According to most colonists’ perception of American-born slaves, they were
A. more likely to rebel.
B. more costly to feed and house.
C. less likely to work hard.
D. able to speak English thereby reflecting well on English customs and habits.
ANSWER: D

The 1685 ____________ was a set of laws (mostly ignored) meant to improve the life of Louisiana slaves.
A. Code Noir
B. Code of Conduct
C. African Slave Code
D. New Orleans Manumission Law
ANSWER: A

During the early part of the 18th century, immigrants had a profound affect on the landscape of North America; as a result,
A. French immigrants gained control over the northeast.
B. Scottish immigrants hindered British relations with the Indians.
C. North America became a destination for European prisoners.
D. Louisiana became a popular destination for wealthy colonists.
ANSWER: C

A religious reform movement called ________________ was begun by Jakob Spener in 1670 and linked North America to Great Britain, the Netherlands and Central Europe.
A. Pietism
B. Protestantism
C. Lutheranism
D. Spiritualism
ANSWER: A

The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (SPG)
A. achieved its greatest success among African Americans.
B. was popular with slaves because it did not require Sunday attendance at services.
C. promoted schools for black children in New York.
D. refused to target Indians as potential converts.
ANSWER: C

The shift of piracy from the Caribbean to the Indian Ocean
A. led to an alliance between colonial merchants and imperial officials.
B. resulted in a war between pirates and the Royal Navy.
C. increased business for the East India Company.
D. had no affect on the Atlantic trade routes.
ANSWER: B

What characterized the relationship between Britain and its North American colonies by the early 18th century?
A. All colonists supported imperial authorities.
B. Colonists were unconcerned with events in Great Britain.
C. North American colonists had more influence on Great Britain than colonists in the West Indies.
D. Colonists exercised more control than they had previously over which laws they would ignore or defy.
ANSWER: D

The issuance of paper money in 1690 by Massachusetts
A. was welcomed by the British, who were tired of getting paid in coinage.
B. gave prominent Boston merchants a better chance of getting loans repaid with something of value.
C. became highly controversial in colonial politics.
D. made it easier for merchants to trade outside the state.
ANSWER: C

By the 1730s, enslaved labor practices 
A. curtailed the economic growth in British North America.
B. enriched masters because enslaved men filled many skilled positions.
C. gave African-born men and women a chance to better themselves.
D. lessened the division between African and American-born slaves.
ANSWER: B

As a result of the colonists’ efforts to model themselves after the British,
A. The British often withheld the latest fashions from the colonists.
B. The British refused to ship china and silverware to make it more difficult for the colonists to mirror their practices.
C. More colonists took up tea drinking.
D. Many colonists served English rum when entertaining.
ANSWER: C

What was one of the subjects of important debates occurring in Boston in 1735?
A. Inoculation
B. Religious freedom
C. Tariff issues
D. Indian relations
ANSWER: A

Cato’s Letters reflected the concern of Boston colonists regarding
A. runaway slaves.
B. the tobacco industry.
C. imperial reforms.
D. the price of wheat.
ANSWER: C

________________ provided an informal setting for colonial men to conduct business and exchange ideas.
A. Elected assemblies
B. Courthouses
C. Newspaper offices
D. Coffee houses
ANSWER: D 

As a result of the increased diffusion of European goods across the continent,
A. there was an increase in violence among Indian tribes.
B. all Indians lost power against the Europeans.
C. Indians willingly relinquished land for the sake of European goods.
D. Indians ceased to travel outside their designated territory.
ANSWER: A

One thing that increased trade between the Northern Plains Indians and Europeans was the desire of the Indians to acquire
A. warm blankets.
B. European medicine.
C. new types of food.
D. horses.
ANSWER: D

When the Spanish marched into Texas, they carried a banner of ______________, the symbolic leader of evangelization.
A. a Franciscan friar
B. the Spanish King
C. the Virgin Mary
D. Christ
ANSWER: C

Spanish colonists  were forced to leave Texas by the ________ because they did not adhere to their established gender roles.
A. Hasinai
B. Caddo
C. Iroquois
D. Seminole
ANSWER: B

The French recognized the Mississippi as an important river for transportation and built a fort at __________ to establish their presence.
A. New Orleans
B. Natchez
C. Biloxi
D. Memphis
ANSWER: C

Which of these was a significant issue of concern to colonists in the south, especially Louisiana?
A. Their growing dependence upon the Indians.
B. The influence of free blacks.
C. Their lack of trade with the Indians.
D. The stronghold of the French government in the area.
ANSWER: A

The Tuscarora War (1711-1713) occurred mostly as
A. a means to unite the Tuscarora and Yamasee.
B. retaliation for slaving raids.
C. a way for the Tuscarora to re-establish trading rights with the Iroquois.
D. a way for colonists in North Carolina to establish their colonial authority in the southeast.
ANSWER: B

Although the Iroquois were able to achieve a prominent position in the northeast, eventually colonists from __________ encroached upon Mohawk land, thus beginning the colonization of the Iroquois Nation.
A. Pennsylvania
B. New York
C. Massachusetts
D. New Hampshire
ANSWER: B

How were the North American colonies affected by the Act of Union?
A. It opened the British Empire to the Scots.
B. It led to the further colonization of Nova Scotia by Irish immigrants.
C. It encouraged the settlement of Canada by Welsh farmers.
D. It divided Great Britain into separate governmental entities.
ANSWER: A

In 1710 the prominent New England minister _____________ urged his readers to include everyone in the evangelization process, thus establishing the premises of Pietism.
A. Philipp Jacob Spener
B. Cotton Mather
C. August Hermann Francke
D. James Blair
ANSWER: B

Louisiana was largely ignored for many years because
A. it lacked water access necessary for trade.
B. its inhabitants were too religious.
C. it became a haven for smugglers.
D. most colonists refused to participate in the slave trade.
ANSWER: C

As a way of continuing commercial ties with Europeans, Plains Indians found it necessary to
A. increase their negotiations with the missionaries.
B. decrease the exploitation of neighboring Indians.
C. increase the number of male captives who could be used in tribal wars.
D. increase the number of female captives who were more easily assimilated.
ANSWER: D

The arrival of the ______________ from the southern plains area to New Mexico affected the settlement of Texas in the 1680s.
A. Comanche
B. Sioux
C. Huron
D. Cree
ANSWER: A

Spanish influence in Texas was curtailed not only by the Indians but also by _____________________ influence.
A. Mexican
B. Franciscan
C. Jesuit
D. French
ANSWER: D

The alliance between the Yamasee and the English began to deteriorate by the early 1710s because
A. the English lost interest in trading for deerskins.
B. the Yamasee refused to continue trading for Indian slaves.
C. the English failed to include the Yamasee in negotiations with other Indian tribes.
D. Yamasees were deeply indebted to English merchants.
ANSWER: D

In a rather unusual tactic, several _____________ lobbied directly to Queen Anne for a British invasion of Canada.
A. Mohawks
B. Jesuit friars
C. prominent African slavers
D. colonial governors
ANSWER: A

South Carolina became a major destination for African slaves due to
A. its location on the Atlantic which made safe from piracy attacks.
B. the increased trade in the region’s tobacco exports.
C. the expansion of rice cultivation in the low country.
D. the availability of transportation to the other colonies.
ANSWER: C

The Louisiana Code was specifically designed to
A. prevent slaves from becoming Christians.
B. restrict access to food and clothing for slaves.
C. prevent slaves from marrying.
D. allow married slaves to stay together.
ANSWER: D

What was one of the major components of the treaties made between the Iroquois and the French?
A. The French agreed to grant the Iroquois hunting and fishing rights to the entire Great Lakes region.
B. The Iroquois relinquished trading rights at Albany.
C. The French agreed to increase payments for Iroquois fur.
D. Iroquois agreed to remain neutral in future Anglo-French conflicts.
ANSWER: D

What event did Guy Fawkes Day commemorate in England?
A. rebellion over taxes
B. the establishment of Parliament
C. the discovery of a Catholic plot to blow up Parliament
D. the beginning of the English Civil War
ANSWER: C

