The failure of the nuclear reactor at Three Mile Island led to improved training for nuclear plant workers. * the shut down of new construction of most nuclear plants. increased nuclear regulations. a growth in research on safe nuclear power. In the 1970s, a combination of skyrocketing prices, rising unemployment, and low economic growth was termed inflation. recession. * stagflation. depression. The oil crisis of 1973 caused * an economic downturn. a drop in oil prices. a drop in production. an alliance with the Soviet Union. All of the following were consequences of the oil embargo except: * higher U.S. production decreased oil prices speed limits were lowered daylight savings time was extended air travel was reduced by 10 percent American industrial productivity lagged behind because * American manufacturers failed to update machinery. American workers were lazy. American workers were too old. unions kept production down. One of the consequences of declining profits was * outsourcing. management increased production costs. monopolization of industries. management gave political donations to both parties. What made the organization of new union locals difficult? * unfavorable National Labor Relations Board rulings worker apathy rising wages increasing immigration All of the following were true of wage-earning women until 1980 except: They lost ground relative to men in wages. * They greatly increased in unionized occupations. The earnings of African American women in the North were almost equal with white women. The number of Hispanic women in the labor force increased. By 1980, two out of the three most populous states were in the Sunbelt; they were Florida and California. Arizona and Texas. * Texas and California. Arkansas and Florida. Why did the American public distrust Gerald Ford as president? * He pardoned Nixon of possible federal crimes. He did not solve the nation's economic problems. He seemed clumsy and inarticulate. He was too closely associated with Nixon. President Carter's deregulation of the nation's banks resulted in * bank failures. increased bank profits. deregulation of other industries. an end to inflation. In the election of 1976, Democratic candidate Jimmy Carter ran a campaign that capitalized on his training in nuclear physics and his naval experience. * Ford's pardon of Nixon. conservative views he held on a wide variety of domestic and foreign issues. being a Washington, D.C., insider. Carter's worst enemy in the economy was * inflation. savings and loan failures. recession. defense spending. Why was the issue of school integration moot in most big cities? * White flight to the suburbs rendered it so. Integration had already been achieved. Busing led to a balanced school system. African Americans moved to the suburbs. This case issued a sharp blow to affirmative action in 1974: * Bakke v. the University of California Brown v. Board of Education Hopwood v. the University of Texas Baker v. the University of Utah What are the reasons that caused the feminization of poverty? * divorce and illegitimacy unemployment a preference for welfare the Glass Ceiling Political action and mobilization in the 1970s tended to concentrate on mass demonstrations. * in communities. on getting control of political parties. in labor union groups. Why were Americans becoming more concerned with the environment in the 1970s? * higher rates of cancer constant publicity in the media The environment was part of the Republican platform. The environment was part of the Democratic platform. How much did the number of African Americans holding elected office increase in the late 1970s? * tenfold double fivefold fourfold The American Enterprise Institute and the Heritage Foundation funded scholars because * they wanted to end welfare and affirmative action programs. they wanted to end union contracts. they believed conservative scholars were more honest than liberal ones. they wanted to make more students conservative. All of the following represent the New Right except: * Joseph McCarthy Jerry Falwell Jesse Helms Pat Robertson The following politician attacked affirmative action and school integration but supported the KKK: * Jesse Helms Ronald Reagan Barry Goldwater William Pierce The expression "exurbia" meant * a desire to live in a small town. the complex of neighborhood coalitions. small suburbs with malls. communities with common ownership. Proposition 13 in California symbolized an environmental backlash. exurbia protest. * a taxpayer revolt. an affirmative action coalition. The New Right united traditional pro-business conservatives with a new constituency of * Protestants who supported traditional moral values. paramilitary groups of white supremacists. upper- and middle-class members of minority groups. anti-Communist groups. Instead of turning to religion, the "Me Generation" used this for self assurance: Erhard seminar training alternative lifestyles drugs * therapy Why was Rev. Sun Myung Moon able to keep his church solvent? * The church was a financial empire involved in retail ventures and newspapers. The church received help from Korea. The federal government subsidizes all churches in the United States The church received donations from members. What route did Jim Jones's People's Temple take? * The congregation committed mass suicide. The congregation left the United States and built a major church in France. The congregation merged with the Moonies. The congregation dissolved when Jones was caught in a sex scandal. The theme of popular music in the 1970s expressed * despair and nihilism. community and hope. sex and violence. family values. In the 1970s, both the United States and the Soviet Union were experiencing * a decline in world power and escalating costs. increases in wealth. drastic changes in their economy with the Soviets declining and the United States soaring. a desire to give up dŽtente. Carter tried to halt blatant intervention and curb the powers of the * Central Intelligence Agency. Federal Bureau of Investigation. National Security Council. Environmental Protection Agency. Why did the Soviet Union enter into the SALT I Agreement? * a declining economy military setbacks in Asia a fear of U.S. military superiority a desire for peace in the world All of the following were involved in the Camp David Accords except: Jimmy Carter * Yasir Arafat Menachim Begin Anwar Sadat In 1979, the brutal Nicaraguan dictatorship of Anastasio Somoza was overthrown by the revolutionary Augustino Sandino. * Sandanista Liberation Front. Oscar Romero. Palestine Liberation Organization. Why was Andrew Young forced from his UN Ambassador position? * He held a private meeting with the PLO. He upset the Arab world and they demanded his resignation. The American public was outraged over his meeting with the PLO. Carter had told the ambassador never to speak to a Palestinian. The Carter Doctrine protected * U.S. interests in the Persian Gulf. U.S. interests in Western Europe. U.S. interests in South Africa. U.S. interests in Mexico. Why did Cyrus Vance resign as Carter's Secretary of State? * He had political differences with Carter. He resigned due to illness. Republicans demanded his resignation. Democrats demanded his resignation. Iranian followers of Khomeini stormed the U.S. Embassy and took Americans hostage in response to CIA attempts to overthrow Khomeini. U.S. military support of anti-Khomeini forces. * Carter allowing the deposed Shah to enter the United States for cancer treatment. U.S. oil company activities. In the 1980 election, the Republicans won control of the Senate for the first time since 1944. 1948. * 1952. 1956. Early in his political career, Ronald Reagan belonged to the * Democratic Party. Republican Party. Communist Party. Progressive Party. Ronald Reagan's conservative message included all of the following except: * anti-state legislatures anti-tax anti-communism anti-government What is the basic belief of supply side economics? * Tax reduction will produce higher consumption. Tax increases will lessen inflation. Tax increases bring unemployment. Tax reductions shrink consumption. An advocate of supply side economics would support stimulating the economy through government spending. emphasizing individual saving. lowering taxes but continuing public spending. * giving investors greater incentives. The Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1981 reflected what item on the Reagan economic agenda? * reduction of government spending on domestic programs. increasing taxes on the wealthy increasing defense spending limiting the power of organized labor The Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1981 was supported by * conservative southern and western Democrats. educators. welfare recipients. progressive Democrats. All of the following happened in 1973 except: Roe v. Wade decision * resignation of Nixon Arab oil embargo Alaska oil pipeline In April of 1975, this country fell to Communists: * South Vietnam Iran Afghanistan El Salvador The group known as the Moral Majority formed in 1973. 1975. 1977. * 1979. All of the following happened in 1979 except: Three Mile Island accident * Bakke v. University of California limits affirmative action programs. SALT II is signed but stalls in the United States. Somoza is overthrown in Nicaragua. Who was the leading petroleum-producing nation in OPEC? Venezuela * Saudi Arabia Iran United States All of the following are Snowbelt states that lost or only held a 2.5 percent population growth from 1970 to 1980 except: * Maine Ohio Illinois Pennsylvania These three Sunbelt states gained the greatest population, 20 percent or more, between 1970 and 1980: California, New Mexico, and Texas * Arizona, Nevada, and Florida Alabama, Georgia, and South Dakota Arkansas, Virginia, and North Dakota The states that experienced a loss of population or only a slight gain from 1970 to 1980 were in/on the deep South. Pacific coastline. * Northeast or Midwest. Southwest and far West.