Economists recommended the United States should ________ at the end of World War II. * search for new markets build up the military balance the budget collect higher taxes Henry Luce's "American Century" argued that Americans must return to isolation to survive. get markets-big markets-in which to buy and sell. * establish and keep the world order. turn atomic weapons over to an international authority. United States involvement in the IMF and World Bank was designed to * assure the United States primacy in the postwar global economy. isolate the Soviet and Chinese economies. establish interdependent economies. protect American business abroad. By not joining the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, the Soviet Union * isolated itself economically. was able to get lower lending rates from its own investors. gained more respect from its client states. increased its world status. All member nations in the United Nations were represented in the * General Assembly. International Monetary Fund. Security Council. Secretariat. The United Nations achieved its greatest early success in slowing down Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe. * humanitarian aid to victims of World War II. defending human rights in Asia. occupying defeated Japan. By June of 1945, the capital assets of manufacturing had increased this much over prewar levels: * 65% 25% 50% 10% By what year had the Soviet Union regained much of the territory in their 1941 borders? 1948 1947 1944 * 1945 While FDR agreed with the Soviet Union and wanted to keep Germany weak, American business and Churchill advocated * building a strong Germany that could serve as a market for goods. declaring an Iron Curtain around Germany. establishing an agricultural Germany that would not threaten the West. a policy forcing Germany to pay heavy reparations. Compared to Franklin Roosevelt, Harry Truman exhibited this leadership style toward the Soviets: polished and diplomatic diplomatic but feisty * tough and arrogant actions typical of the Age of Anxiety The threatening situation that prompted President Truman to proclaim his foreign policy doctrine was the British inability to help * Greece and Turkey stabilize. South Korea repel North Korea. stop the Berlin Blockade. rebuild Europe. The Truman Doctrine committed the United States to * intervening to prevent further communist takeovers. sending combat troop to the Middle East. supporting efforts by the United Nations to stabilize countries. reducing the U.S. military presence abroad. The Marshall Plan for European nations reflected the Truman administration's fear of a Soviet invasion of Western Europe. atomic testing in Eastern Europe. military confrontation between East and West Germany. * political consequences of economic chaos. In his March 12, 1947, speech, Truman appealed for an all-out resistance to the "certain ideology" of what nation? * The Soviet Union Japan Italy Germany In his famous Truman Doctrine, the president announced the following policy toward the Soviet Union: * "containment" strategic defense aid to Turkey the Atlantic Charter The important and key factor in the military alliance led by the United States can be seen in its name, the ________ Treaty organization, or NATO. New Atlantic North American * North Atlantic Nuclear Armaments The following was Stalin's response to the unification of Western Germany: * Stalin stopped all traffic to West Berlin. Stalin declared a blockade on Poland. Stalin threatened to use nuclear weapons against the United States. The Soviets built the Berlin Wall. In response to NATO rearming West Germany, the Soviet Union organized the * Warsaw Pact. Berlin Wall. Solidarity Pact. SEATO Pact. When prices skyrocketed in 1945-1946, after Truman vetoed the bill that would extend wartime price controls, Americans reacted in all of the following ways except: Homemakers boycotted neighborhood stores. * Employees accepted reduced wages. Industrial workers went on strike. Employers wanted a bigger cut of the war profits. The Truman Doctrine was successful in * Western Europe. Asia. the Middle East. South America. Why did the United States decide to build up the Japanese economy? * Japan would serve in the anti-Soviet bloc. Japanese consumers would purchase American goods. This would allow American consumers to buy cheap Japanese goods. American policy makers feared that Japan would become part of the Chinese orbit. Which of the following was NOT a factor in China's "fall" to Communism? * a lack of financial aid to the pro-Western Nationalist government Jiang's refusal to accept a coalition government Mao enjoyed the support of the countryside, which contained 85% of the country's population. the exile of the Nationalist government to Taiwan All of the following consequences are the results of the Soviet Union detonating its own atomic bomb in 1949 except: * The Soviet Union accepted the Atomic Energy Act. The two superpowers were locked in a Cold War. An arms race followed. Both super powers felt insecure. The Taft-Hartley Act implemented all of the following except: * It forced the closed shop. It outlawed the secondary boycott. Union officials had to swear they were not communists. Union dues could not be used for political activities. The Dixiecrats bolted the Democratic Party in the 1948 election because * of Truman's endorsement of a plank on racial equality. Truman attacked the Republican congress. Truman rejected Henry Wallace. Truman attacked organized labor. Which one of the following was NOT part of the national security state in the early postwar era? the Central Intelligence Agency the Federal Employee Loyalty Program * Special Forces military units the Immigrants and Nationality Act Truman used the threat of Communism to promote * defense spending. democracy. New Deal programs. the Fair Deal program. Which one of the following caused an increase in federal power? * national security civil rights nationalizing the banks increased spending on education When Joseph McCarthy made his famous Lincoln Day speech, he claimed that * there were 200 Communists working in the State Department. the army was soft. a military takeover of the United States by the Communists was imminent. Whittaker Chambers, Alger Hiss, and the Rosenbergs had sold secrets to the Soviets. While McCarthy initially used this to his advantage, in the 1954 congressional hearings on Communism in the army, it worked against him: * mass media Hollywood witnesses accusations of sexual perversion red herring These two trends encouraged a change in the middle-class family: higher wages and more college-educated parents * the baby boom and high rates of consumer spending younger marriages and less children inflation and higher military spending The Alger Hiss case resulted in * a short prison term for Hiss. political circumstances detrimental to the Republicans. the clearing of his name. a successful lawsuit by Hiss against his accuser. Soon after Truman's win in the election of 1948, Congress took all of the following actions except: * creating a national health insurance plan passing a National Housing Act raising minimum wage expanding the Social Security program Which of the following groups did Joseph McCarthy NOT attack? * the American Legion civil rights organizations women's organizations homosexuals Why did McCarthy and HUAC attack certain women's and homosexual groups? * They had deep fears about changing sexual moraccent(e)s. Both groups fostered communism. Sinister forces easily influenced women and homosexuals. Both groups had a tendency toward perversion. Which one of the following was NOT a result of U.S. involvement in the Korean War? * The containment principle was repudiated as a viable policy. The United States and the People's Republic of China became unwavering enemies. There was a heightened commitment to Southeast Asia. Containment had been extended beyond Europe. All of the following caused anxiety during the 1950s except: * The executive branch had become too powerful. Cold War rhetoric nuclear proliferation economic backsliding In his 1952 presidential campaign, Republican candidate Eisenhower projected an image of a/an aggressive anti-Communist who would get total victory in Korea. * moderate but firm candidate who could achieve honorable peace in Korea. reformer who could fulfill the dreams of the New Deal. conservative determined to undo any remaining elements of the New Deal. Women were encouraged to do which one of the following in the 1950s? * quit their jobs and stay home continue working in the defense industry stay at work so their family could remain middle class pursue a college degree The Truman Doctrine is announced and Congress appropriates aid for Greece and Turkey in 1945. 1946. * 1947. 1948. Which one of the following does NOT happen in 1950? * The Berlin Blockade ends. McCarthy begins an anti-communist crusade. NSC-68 is adopted. The Korean War begins. The Armistice ends fighting in Korea in 1950. 1951. 1947. * 1953. Which one of the following was NOT a NATO country? France * Austria Italy West Germany This Eastern European country did NOT join the Warsaw Pact: Poland Hungary Czechoslovakia * Yugoslavia As a result of the Armistice, the borders of North and South Korea changed dramatically, with North Korea getting the most territory. were exactly the same as before. * were not much different than earlier. both lost land to China.