The one local institution that bridged the different ethnic groups in  Packingtown was the    
 church.    
 * saloon.    
 gymnasium.    
 parochial School.    
    

Recent immigrants from eastern Europe working in Packingtown were most  likely to    
 have the skilled slaughtering jobs in the meat packing industry.    
 be experienced laborers from European industrial sites.    
 live in a mixed household and intermarry with other ethnic groups.    
 * receive the lowest paid jobs in by-product manufacturing.    
    

The most significant development shaping the American economy after the  Civil War was the    
 invention of the cotton gin.    
 growth of the arms industry.    
 * emergence and consolidation of large-scale corporations.    
 growth of the meat packing industry.    
    

Which one of the following men and technological developments DOES NOT  match?    
 Thomas Edison - the light bulb    
 Wilbur Wright - the airplane    
 * Alexander Graham Bell - the diving bell    
 Henry Ford - automobile design    
    

By 1900, the United States was __________ in the world in terms of  productivity.    
 fourth    
 tenth    
 * first    
 last    
    

Which one of the following had the LEAST in common with the other three in  late nineteenth century America?    
 mail-order houses    
 chain stores    
 department stores    
 * specialty shops    
    

John D. Rockefeller's horizontal combination was so successful that he  controlled this percentage of the nation's oil refining by 1880:    
 50%    
 60%    
 75%    
 * 90%    
    

Horizontal combinations like the Standard Oil Trust     
 helped to raise workers' wages.    
 * secured control over output and prices.    
 allowed for unlimited competition.    
 served to limit production.    
    

Which one of the following resulted from the other three?     
 vertical integration    
 horizontal combination    
 trusts    
 * concentrated business economy    
    

The "gospel of wealth"     
 * justified the ruthless behavior of entrepreneurs like John D. Rockefeller.    
 held that God always helps the poor.    
 held that God provides wealth and individual initiative counts for little.    
 advocated a strong welfare system.    
    

This financier was popularly known as "The worst man in the world":     
 Andrew Carnegie    
 * Jay Gould    
 John D. Rockefeller    
 James Buchanan Duke    
    

Compared to 1870, the number of women working outside the home by the turn  of the century    
 doubled.    
 was cut in half.    
 * tripled.    
 remained constant.    
    

"Minor" recessions hit the U.S. economy in all the following years except:     
 1866-1867    
 * 1873-1874    
 1883-1885    
 1890-1891    
    

This group of workers was most affected by the influx of immigrants in the  late nineteenth century:    
 Chinese Americans    
 * African American men    
 Native Americans    
 middle-class Americans    
    

The Chinese Exclusion Act did all of the following except:     
 * prohibited Chinese children from attending public schools    
 suspended Chinese immigration    
 limited the civil rights of resident Chinese    
 forbade Chinese naturalization    
    

Southern mill workers earned as little as     
 $0.50 per hour.    
 * $0.12 per hour.    
 $1.12 per hour.    
 $0.75 per hour.    
    

In 1882, Congress passed an act that excluded immigration from this country  and limited the civil rights of those residing in the United States:    
 Japan    
 Mexico    
 * China    
 Russia    
    

The largest labor organization in the nineteenth century was     
 the National Labor Union.    
 the American Federation of Labor.    
 * the Knights of Labor.    
 the National Federation of Labor.    
    

The Haymarket Square incident of 1886 was blamed on     
 communists.    
 populists.    
 democrats.    
 * anarchists.    
    

The Haymarket Square incident in 1886     
 helped fill the ranks of the Knights of Labor and the AFL.    
 succeeded in obtaining more support for the eight-hour day.    
 weakened the existing wage system.    
 * weakened labor unions, particularly the Knights of Labor.    
    

In the late 1800s, the American Federation of Labor would have been MOST  likely to support    
 a boycott of a meat packing plant by unskilled workers.    
 anarchist unions.    
 * a strike by skilled wood workers.    
 worker-run cooperative factories.    
    

Unlike the American Federation of Labor, the Knights of Labor     
 * welcomed most workers into its ranks.    
 organized only skilled workers.    
 embraced the American wage system.    
 advocated business unionism.    
    

If you were an "aristocrat of labor," you were most likely a member of the     
 Knights of Labor.    
 NLU.    
 * AFL.    
 Noble and Holy Order.    
    

By 1890, approximately what fraction of the population lived in cities?     
 * one-third    
 one-half    
 two-thirds    
 three-fourths    
    

America's growing cities attracted all of the following in large numbers  except:    
 African Americans from the South    
 young women from the farms    
 * young men from the farms    
 European immigrants    
    

This group of immigrants had the most experience with urban life and forming  thriving urban communities in Europe:    
 * Jews    
 Irish    
 Catholics    
 Italians    
    

Which one of the following problems were Americans MOST successful in  dealing with in the late nineteenth century American city?    
 * providing clean drinking water    
 air pollution    
 public health    
 garbage disposal    
    

The proponents of a "New South" envisioned the South as     
 a vast agrarian area supplying needed cash crops.    
 an area of sturdy yeoman farmers.    
 the primary supplier of raw materials to northern industry.    
 * an area that promoted industrial development and welcomed northern investors.    
    

Industrial production in the New South     
 * returned very few profits to southerners.    
 successfully challenged northern industry.    
 stimulated the development of a less racist society.    
 became less extractive and more urbanized.    
    

African American workers in the New South     
 * were strictly segregated.    
 were guaranteed equal opportunity by law.    
 benefited as new opportunities opened for unskilled labor.    
 were attracted to the skilled trades.    
    

A major source of labor in the New South was     
 immigrants.    
 farm girls from the North.    
 poor sharecroppers from the North.    
 * convicts.    
    

In the typical company town of the southern Piedmont, workers were     
 given shares in the company.    
 taken care of from "the cradle to the grave."    
 * owned "lock, stock and barrel" by the company.    
 more often than not convict laborers.    
    

Which of the following has the LEAST connection to conspicuous consumption  in the Gilded Age?    
 the cottages of Newport, Rhode Island    
 Diamond Jim Brady    
 the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel    
 * the YMCA    
    

The new middle class of the Gilded Age was composed     
 mainly of the new immigration.    
 largely of doctors, lawyers, and teachers.    
 * almost exclusively of white, Anglo-Saxon Protestants.    
 almost exclusively of Irish Catholics and German Lutherans.    
    

Two symbols of middle-class status in the Gilded Age were the     
 sewing machine and typewriter.    
 wine cellar and parlor bar.    
 * bicycle and piano.    
 telephone and telegraph.    
    

Middle class children in the late nineteenth century     
 often had to work to maintain the family lifestyle.    
 * had more leisure to play creatively.    
 enjoyed vaudeville and ragtime.    
 were usually sent off to summer Chautauquas.    
    

A family in the new middle class of the nineteenth century would be LEAST  likely to have which of the following?    
 a library card    
 a safety bicycle    
 a suburban home    
 * bedrooms for boarders    
    

Educator Booker T. Washington     
 stressed Greek and Latin learning as the key to economic success for African  Americans.   
 * felt that practical vocational instruction was the key to economic success for  African Americans.   
 felt that African Americans did not need an education.    
 worked to get African Americans admitted to the best colleges and universities.    
    

The number of public high schools in the late nineteenth century      
 increased slightly.    
 * increased dramatically.    
 remained about the same.    
 decreased slightly.    
    

All of the following were considered lower class pastimes in the Gilded Age  except:    
 * bicycling    
 baseball    
 ragtime music    
 vaudeville    
    

More common ground could be found between members of the middle and working  class with    
 urban park systems.    
 public high school education.    
 * ragtime and baseball.    
 religious events.    
    

Which one of the following words or phrases is NOT correctly matched with  the person who either coined or exemplified it?    
 * producing classes / John D. Rokefeller    
 conspicuous consumption / Thorstein Veblen    
 "Hog butcher for the world . . ." / Carl Sandburg    
 Gilded Age / Mark Twain    
    

Which one of the following lists the CORRECT order of these events? (1) 	Sherman Antitrust Act  (2) 	U.S. Steel formed  (3) 	Standard Oil founded  (4) 	Carnegie writes "The Gospel of Wealth"    
 * 3, 1, 4, 2    
 2, 4, 3, 1    
 3, 2, 4, 1    
 2, 3, 4, 1    
    

Booker T. Washington founded the Tuskegee Institute in     
 1866.    
 1879.    
 * 1881.    
 1896.    
    

The National Labor Union was founded in 1866 and the Knights of Labor in  1869, but the American Federation of Labor was not begun until    
 1876.    
 * 1886.    
 1895.    
 1901.    
    

Which one of the following regions had the smallest immigrant population in  1880?    
 Northeast    
 * Southeast    
 Southwest    
 Northwest    
    

Which one of the following states was LEAST likely to have a large community  of immigrants?    
 * North Carolina    
 Wisconsin    
 Massachusetts    
 Arizona Territory    
    

Which area is NOT correctly matched with the ethnic group most likely to  immigrate there in 1880?    
 Southwest / Mexicans    
 Maine / French Canadians    
 Florida / Cubans    
 * California / Chinese