The chief subject of discussion at the convention held in Seneca Falls, New  York was    
 revolutions abroad and their effect on the United States.    
 prison reform.    
 educational reform.    
 * women's rights.    
    

All of the following were characteristics of Irish immigrants to America  except:    
 They were poor.    
 They were Catholic.    
 They worked for low wages.    
 * They settled in western rural areas.    
    

Until the 1880s, the task of receiving immigrants fell on     
 the Federal government.    
 private charities.    
 industrialists.    
 * cities.    
    

The major factor that sent waves of Irish immigrants to the United States  between 1845 and 1849 was    
 * the Irish Potato Famine.    
 Parliament's passage of anti-Catholic legislation.    
 the collapse of the Irish government.    
 major flooding that destroyed Irish crops and livestock.    
    

The city most affected by Irish immigration during the 1840s was     
 New York.    
 * Boston.    
 Philadelphia.    
 Chicago.    
    

The typical German immigrant from the 1840s to the 1860s was a/an     
 political dissenter.    
 * skilled worker.    
 school or college professor.    
 indentured servant.    
    

Which one of the following would be an unlikely occupation for an American- born Irish man or woman?    
 * college professor    
 politician    
 school teacher    
 priest    
    

"Instant" cities were those in which     
 people could reach their workplace within minutes.    
 middle classes could rapidly commute to the suburbs.    
 * rapid growth was due to new transportation networks.    
 a large influx of immigrants caused rapid expansion.    
    

German immigrants would be LEAST likely to settle     
 in the cities of Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and St. Louis.    
 on farms of Ohio, Indiana, and Missouri.    
 in Texas.    
 * in northeastern cities.    
    

What contributed to orienting the attention of each of the major seaports  away from the oceans and toward trade with the nation's interior?    
 * the market revolution    
 the industrial revolution    
 immigration    
 urbanization    
    

Which one of the following cities edged out Charleston to become one of the  five largest cities in 1850?    
 Chicago    
 Savannah    
 * New Orleans    
 Mobile    
    

The most significant demographic development of the period 1820-1850 was     
 the settlement of the Great Plains.    
 the development of suburbs.    
 * rapid population growth in the cities.    
 the creation of "Walking Cities."    
    

The fastest growing city in the United States between 1820 and 1860 was     
 Boston.    
 Philadelphia.    
 * New York.    
 Baltimore.    
    

Approximately 500,000 free African Americans resided in the United States by  1860, making up what percent of the total black population?    
 less than 1%    
 1%    
 3%    
 * 11%    
    

What was the most striking feature about income in the period 1820-1850?     
 It was evenly distributed.    
 * There was a growing gap between rich and poor.    
 Per capita income remained fairly stable.    
 Per capita income tripled.    
    

Most early nineteenth century cities lacked     
 * municipal water supplies, sewers, and garbage collection.    
 places for wealthy people to live.    
 streetcars.    
 "rookeries."    
    

All of the following were part of the new urban popular culture except:     
 taverns    
 theaters    
 fire engine companies    
 * opera    
    

In 1855, Walt Whitman published a book of free verse poems that was regarded  as scandalous. The title of that book is    
 * Leaves of Grass.    
 The Inebriate.    
 The Mystery of Marie Roget.    
 Unter die Linden.    
    

A famous French nobleman who visited the United States in the 1830s and made  many astute observations about the young nation was    
 Citizen Genhat(e)t.    
 * Alexis de Tocqueville.    
 John Locke.    
 M. Condorcet.    
    

Which of the following occupations remained open to free African Americans?     
 mechanic    
 * sailor    
 craftsman    
 longshoremen    
    

All of the following were true of the GTU except:     
 Workers banded together across craft lines.    
 It was a visible sign of a class-based community of workers.    
 It cut ties between master craftsmen and apprentices.    
 * The majority of workers were eligible to be members.    
    

All of the following were true of free African Americans prior to the Civil  War except:    
 They faced job discrimination.    
 There were severe limitations on their civil rights.    
 They were excluded from many public events.    
 * They lacked a sense of community.    
    

The political organization that became the center of the new mass politics  in the mid-nineteenth century American city was the    
 Citywide Workingmen's Association.    
 * political machine.    
 Ethnic Reform Association.    
 Mutual Aid Society.    
    

The agenda for reform in the 1820s and 1830s was set by the     
 * new emerging middle class.    
 impoverished lower class.    
 wealthy elite.    
 political machine.    
    

All of the following were beliefs of the nineteenth century middle-class  reformers except:    
 They could create the perfect community on earth.    
 Human nature was basically good.    
 * Small-scale, sincere responses to social problems could work.    
 They were morally certain of what was right.    
    

Which one of the following has the LEAST in common with the other three?     
 slums    
 "rookeries"    
 * "streetcar suburbs"    
 Plug Uglies    
    

All of the following factors worked against the union movement except:     
 their own exclusiveness    
 the legal system    
 the perception that they were dangerous to public order    
 * big city machines    
    

Why did teaching become an acceptable career for women?     
 Women had better educations.    
 Women were the equals of men.    
 * Nurturing women would be better teachers.    
 Women were more community-minded than men.    
    

A key organization of the new urban mass politics was the     
 * Tammany Society.    
 GTU.    
 Sons of Herman.    
 Equal Rights Party.    
    

An important common denominator in the public education, temperance, anti- prostitution, and asylum reform movements was    
 working-class leadership.    
 * female participation and leadership.    
 leadership by evangelical ministers.    
 southern support.    
    

The efforts of Dorothea Dix led to better treatment for     
 alcoholics.    
 orphans.    
 * the insane.    
 criminals.    
    

The middle class     
 * applied new notions of morality to various social movements.    
 recognized that human nature was basically evil.    
 realized that all humans knew what was right.    
 allowed members of society to be reformed only when they felt it necessary.    
    

The most successful of the nineteenth-century communitarian movements was     
 Oneida.    
 * Mormonism.    
 New Harmony.    
 the Shaker community.    
    

The American Colonization Society     
 * focused on sending blacks back to Africa.    
 was a group dedicated to helping blacks economically.    
 wanted an immediate end to slavery.    
 lobbied to allow free blacks to vote.    
    

Southerners were particularly disturbed by free African American writers  like David Walder, whose "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World"    
 * encouraged slaved rebellion.    
 told them to escape via The Underground Railroad.    
 insisted on changing the Constitution's three-fifths rule.    
 advocated public education for blacks.    
    

"Taking the pledge" meant     
 * vowing never to drink alcohol.    
 promising to contribute money to the church.    
 committing oneself to the ministry.    
 adopting a life of celibacy.    
    

Similar to evangelical preachers in the nineteenth century, northern  abolitionists    
 * employed a confrontational and personal style.    
 treated their opponents with Christian charity.    
 opposed emotional responses to the frailties of the human condition.    
 used the pulpit as the primary means of publicizing their message.    
    

Which one of the following has the LEAST in common with the other three?     
 Angelina Grimkaccent(e)    
 Uncle Tom's Cabin    
 * American Colonization Society    
 American Slavery As It Is    
    

The immediate impact of the abolitionist movement on the South was to     
 promote discussion on ending slavery.    
 * stifle expressions of dissenting opinion.    
 force a loosening of restrictions on slaves.    
 close post offices that received abolitionist literature.    
    

Even in the North, controversy over abolitionism was common in all of the  following except:    
 the Ohio Valley    
 * New England    
 Philadelphia    
 among Irish immigrants    
    

Complicating the efforts of abolitionists was their     
 lack of focus.    
 animosity toward working-class northerners.    
 * disagreement on the use of political action.    
 refusal to denounce slavery on economic terms.    
    

The significance of the Liberty Party was that the majority of abolitionists     
 moved away from party politics.    
 did not really support black equality.    
 were free African American activists.    
 * felt party politics was the best route.    
    

The formation of the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society was  significant because it indicated    
 the weakness of men in the abolitionist movement.    
 women's considerable power in the reform movement.    
 * the reaction of women to their secondary role.    
 that women could only publicly speak to other women.    
    

The argument of separate spheres was meant to exclude this group from  political life:    
 African Americans    
 * women    
 the working class    
 new immigrants    
    

Which one of the following gives the correct order of the writing of the  following publications or books? (1) 	American Slavery As It Is  (2)	Freedom's Journal  (3) 	Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World  (4) 	Liberator   
 * 2, 3, 4, 1    
 4, 2, 3, 1    
 1, 2, 4, 3    
 4, 1, 3, 2    
    

Immigration begins to increase in     
 1817.    
 the 1820s.    
 * 1832.    
 1837.    
    

Both Boston and New York City completed this in the 1840s:     
 police systems    
 * a public water system    
 anti-slavery legislation    
 a gag rule    
    

Millerites awaited the end of the world in     
 1825.    
 1833.    
 1837.    
 * 1843.    
    

This city was a small community in 1820 but was a major city by 1860 due to  being a water and railroad center:    
 * Chicago    
 Baltimore    
 Cincinnati    
 Boston    
    

Which of the following cities had a million residents in 1860?     
 Boston    
 * New York    
 Chicago    
 Philadelphia    
    

In 1860, the western-most city in America with a population larger than  30,000 was    
 New Orleans.    
 Chicago.    
 * San Francisco.    
 St. Louis.    
    

Which one of the following was one of the ten largest American cities in  1820 but not in 1860?    
 Providence    
 Cincinnati    
 Baltimore    
 * Charleston    
    

When did the public school movement in Massachusetts begin?     
 1830    
 * 1827    
 1833    
 1817    
    

During which years did the Shaker movement grow?     
 1800-1810    
 1810-1820    
 * 1820-1830    
 1840-1850