From Tape #1 The Hero's Journey - The World of Joseph Campbell and associated readings: Campbell has outlined the basic stages of the journey that most heroes in world mythologies have taken, in his book A. The Masks of God: Oriental Mythology B. Grimm's Fairy Tales C. Myths to Live By * D. The Hero with a Thousand Faces From Tape #1 The Hero's Journey - The World of Joseph Campbell and associated readings: The function of a mythology that shapes an individual to the requirements of his geographical and historical group is called the A. cosmic function * B. sociological function C. participation function D. psychological function From Tape #1 The Hero's Journey - The World of Joseph Campbell and associated readings: The man or woman who has been able to battle past personal and local historical limitations to the generally valid human forms is * A. the hero B. the superman C. the boon D. the godly From Tape #1 The Hero's Journey - The World of Joseph Campbell and associated readings: The paradigm of the hero's journey that Campbell constructs begins with the A. mystical marriage with the Goddess of the World B. apprehension of the Boon C. recognition of the god within * D. separation or departure from familiar surroundings From Tape #1 The Hero's Journey - The World of Joseph Campbell and associated readings: A distillation of the myths that have appeared throughout the world is called * A. a monomyth B. a modern literary hero C. the work of Joseph Campbell D. a single myth From Tape #1 The Hero's Journey - The World of Joseph Campbell and associated readings: The most telling mythological image of the first premise of animal life is seen in the Hindu figure of the world-mother as Kali, licking up with her extended, red tongue the lives of the living. This first premise is A. fear of the mother image * B. that animal life maintains itself by destroying life C. that man should not kill D. that humans should escape life From Tape #1 The Hero's Journey - The World of Joseph Campbell and associated readings: Mircea Eliade, in Patterns of Comparative Religions, explains that divine bisexuality is an element found in a great many religions. This is best explained by which one of the following statements? A. Homosexuality was common in primitive societies, especially Creek. B. Primitive man was unclear in his understanding of human sexuality. * C. Divine androgyny is simply a primitive formula for the divine bi-unity. D. Androgynous hero musicians have always been vague. From Tape #2 In The Beginning and associated readings: According to Campbell, the idea of a temple as an enclosed area in which all the forms are of vision was conceived and first realized in * A. the great painted caves of southwestern France and northern Spain B. the mystery of hidden history as in Chartres Cathedral C. the hunting plains of the American Southwest D. the forest of Eastern Europe in the late Bronze Age From Tape #2 In The Beginning and associated readings: Initiatory rituals (through which boys became men, assuming their social role as hunters, and beginning their spiritual life) were conducted * A. inside the great painted caves B. by Joseph Campbell C. in the liminal D. in the Iron or Bronze Age From Tape #2 In The Beginning and associated readings: One assumption of shamanism is that the soul, or individual spiritual essence * A. can, under certain conditions, function free of the body B. is limited to man's physical existence C. cannot be a vehicle for venturing into the spirit world D. none of the above From Tape #2 In The Beginning and associated readings: In shamanism, material realities are the result of spiritual causes. So to change material reality A. another material cause must be identified B. material reality must be denied * C. the spiritual cause must be found and addressed D. the Shaman must remain in the material world From Tape #2 In The Beginning and associated readings: In industrialized societies of the modern world, initiatory ritual has begun to disappear. This disappearance is part of a larger process, according to Eliade, leading to * A. the desacralization of modern life B. a release from the superstitions of the past C. an extension of the spiritual life D. an escape from the existential predicament From Tape #2 In The Beginning and associated readings: Campbell points out that the lunar cycle has been A. responsible for a life-structuring relationship between the heavenly world and man B. a force more powerful than the sun in the shaping of mythology C. measure of rhythmic change and fertility * D. all of the above From Tape #2 In The Beginning and associated readings: In many cultures, the moon is symbolically associated with the A. feminine principles and the biological stages of life B. universal law of becoming, of birth and death C. the testing father, master of all the trials and terrors to which young heroes are subjected * D. a and b only E. b and c only From Tape #3 Where People Lived Legends and associated readings: There are two fundamental impulses in Native American mythic thought A. a reverence for nature B. fear of shamans C. a belief that natural events have spiritual causes * D. a and c, but not b E. a and b, but not c From Tape #3 Where People Lived Legends and associated readings: The initiation ritual in traditional Native American societies serves to guarantee that the initiate will pass from his or her identity as an unformed youth into A. the role of shaman B. the truth behind the kachinas C. union with the Great Spirit * D. the role assigned by society From Tape #3 Where People Lived Legends and associated readings: In the Navajo tale of "Where the Two Came to Their Father," Changing Woman gives birth to two sons who represent two aspects of the hero. These are A. the "split image" of light and dark manifestations in the mother's parents B. the polarities associated with characteristics related to the sun and the moon C. outer strength and orientation contrasted with being inner directed and creative * D. all of the above From Tape #3 Where People Lived Legends and associated readings: In the atonement stage of the hero's journey in "Where the Two Came to Their Father," the brothers A. are merged with the Mud Bug people B. help the Cat Tail people to kill Spider Woman * C. are initiated by the sun into their proper character and estate D. all of the above From Tape #3 Where People Lived Legends and associated readings: The creation stories of the Native American peoples have in common the depiction of mankind as A. separate from nature because of his divine nature B. dominant over nature * C. an integral part of nature D. subordinate to nature From Tape #3 Where People Lived Legends and associated readings: Campbell, drawing on the experience of Black Elk at Harney Peak, states that the central point of the world is the point where stillness and movement are together. The center of the world is called A. eternity B. the North Pole * C. the axis mundi D. the human heart From Tape #3 Where People Lived Legends and associated readings: In the video segment Where People Lived Legends, Campbell discusses North, South, East, and West. Instead of having North at the top, Campbell puts East at the top, representing the birth. South at the right, representing adolescence. West is at the bottom, representing death. Therefore, North is on the left. What does it represent? A. Adulthood B. Childhood * C. Afterlife D. Society E. Consciousness From Tape #3 Where People Lived Legends and associated readings: When speaking of the Old Testament in the Bible, Campbell has some criticisms. Which of the following is NOT a criticism by Campbell of the Old Testament? A. God is a fact B. The Holy Land is one place and no other * C. Human beings can never get to heaven D. Man is superior to beast E. Nature is fallen/corrupt (as in the Garden of Eden) From Tape #4 And We Washed Our Weapons in the Sea and associated readings: The deer is associated with the goddess because A. the deer represents the cycle of regeneration B. its antlers resemble branches on the tree of life C. its antlers are renewed yearly * D. all of the above From Tape #4 And We Washed Our Weapons in the Sea and associated readings: In the television program Campbell compares the story of the tree, as told in the story of Inanna, with A. that of Penelope and Odysseus in the Odyssey B. Isis and Ishtar in Egyptian mythology C. The hullupu-tree * D. that of Adam and Eve in Genesis From Tape #4 And We Washed Our Weapons in the Sea and associated readings: The characteristics and the role of the Great Goddess represent A. the female principle B. the power of regeneration C. the principle of creativity * D. all of the above From Tape #4 And We Washed Our Weapons in the Sea and associated readings: The movement from the individualistic religious specialist of the hunting peoples to the priest of settled agricultural communities results in * A. temple worship B. animal sacrifices C. human sacrifices D. the decline in the power of myth From Tape #4 And We Washed Our Weapons in the Sea and associated readings: A person who is the socially initiated, ceremonially inducted member of a recognized religious organization, functioning as the tenant of an office held by others before is the A. goddess B. shaman * C. priest D. lady of the date clusters From Tape #4 And We Washed Our Weapons in the Sea and associated readings: In Stonehenge Decoded, astronomer Gerald Hawkins hypothesized that the megaliths standing for five thousand years on the plain of southern Great Britain A. were indeed erected under the guidance of Merlin B. were conclusive evidence of visitors from another galaxy * C. constituted a calendar in stone D. had been erected by the same people who erected the statues on Easter Island From Tape #4 And We Washed Our Weapons in the Sea and associated readings: Prehistoric people expressed their deepest questions about life by constructing various cults that centered around a deity. The figurines of many cults over the centuries have the following common trait(s): A. facelessness B. no feet C. big breasts * D. all of the above E. none of the above From Tape #4 And We Washed Our Weapons in the Sea and associated readings: The importance of the female goddess is two-fold: there is in mystical level and physical level represented respectively by * A. Spirituality and fertility B. Rebirth and birth C. Religion and humanity D. All of the above E. None of the above From Tape #4 And We Washed Our Weapons in the Sea and associated readings: As nomadic humans became sedentary, Campbell believes that which of the following trends occurred? A. A culture of generalists was replaced by professionals and specialists B. Keeping the tribal organization intact was replaced by city life C. Nature deities begin to take precedence over tribal deities * D. All of the above E. None of the above From Tape #5 Pharaoh's Rule and associated readings: When the living pharaoh, identified with the god Horus, died, he became Osiris. The new pharaoh, who buried his predecessor as Horus buried Osiris, then became Horus. In this sense A. the pharaoh never died B. Horus lived and ruled eternally C. each individual pharaoh was a manifestation of spiritual reality * D. all of the above From Tape #5 Pharaoh's Rule and associated readings: Osiris' envious brother plotted against him and tricked him into climbing into his own sarcophagus. His name is A. Nut * B. Seth C. Byblos D. Geb From Tape #5 Pharaoh's Rule and associated readings: Osiris' faithful wife, who retrieves most of his body parts, is named A. Nut B. Geb * C. Isis D. Ra From Tape #5 Pharaoh's Rule and associated readings: Henri Frankfort in "The Egyptian Gods" speculates about the unusual role played by animals in Egyptian religion. Not only did Egyptians deities appear as part animal, but many animals were themselves venerated. Frankfort concludes this is because * A. animals share the fundamental nature of creation and, unlike man, they do not change B. people in a desert locale are especially dependent on animals C. the Egyptians were still in an unconscious state of existence D. all of the above From Tape #5 Pharaoh's Rule and associated readings: A kind of double in tomb scenes representing the guide to the underworld, this figure is A. in B. ma C. ba * D. ka From Tape #5 Pharaoh's Rule and associated readings: The Pyramid Texts, written in hieroglyphics and found on walls, passageways, and chambers in pyramids of the Old Kingdom A. were meant to help the king through the transition from this world to the next B. speak about the daily life of the time C. are concerned with eternal life * D. all of the above From Tape #6 The Sacred Source and associated readings: Campbell is committed to Adolph Bastian's theory that there are certain elementary ideas that have generally formed the basis of human cultures and civilizations. These elementary ideas are similar to * A. Jung's theory of archetypes B. Marshall's findings in the Indus Valley C. theories of Aryan invasions D. the theory of bos indicus From Tape #6 The Sacred Source and associated readings: The Veda teaches a principle of cosmic order, Rita, and the idea that the forces of positive being, Sat, were arrayed against A. the mother principle, Aditi B. the invading Aryans, or Indo-Europeans C. the cosmic order, Rita * D. the negative urge toward chaos, or Asat From Tape #6 The Sacred Source and associated readings: In ancient times this highest of the Hindu social caste dictated the rules of religious and social behavior in Hinduism. A. Varnas B. Aryans C. Mystics * D. Brahmanas From Tape #6 The Sacred Source and associated readings: According to Joseph Campbell which of the following are Western philosophy's greatest problems? A. Aristotelian aspect on rational thinking B. Biblical emphasis on ethnic, provincial ideas C. The greedy desire for capitalistic wealth * D. answers A and B E. answers B and C From Tape #6 The Sacred Source and associated readings: According to Campbell a great crisis occurred when the Indo Europeans, the Vedic Aryans advanced into Persia and India. What was that great crisis? A. Settled city dwellers begin to worship items in nature B. Nomads begin to worship at specific places and temples C. The warriors and the magicians were given equal status in society * D. Humans begin to translate myth into philosophy E. None of the above From Tape #7 The Way to Enlightenment: Buddhism and associated readings: In Jainism, the lightest form of matter, the luminous self-subsisting element in all living things, is called * A. Jiva B. soul C. Ajiva D. matter E. none of the above From Tape #7 The Way to Enlightenment: Buddhism and associated readings: The shell surrounding the lightest form of matter is called A. Mahavira * B. Ajiva C. Jiva D. soul From Tape #7 The Way to Enlightenment: Buddhism and associated readings: Joseph Campbell compares the Eastern concept of reincarnation with the Roman Catholic idea of A. heaven B. hell * C. purgatory D. Dante 46. The teaching of the way to spiritual freedom is the vocation of a Buddha. A Buddha sets in motion * A. the wheel of Dharma B. the responsibilities of family life C. Walpola Rahula D. the Sutta and the Vinaya Pitaka Ancient Egyptian afterlife stories held that a person's heart would be weighed against a feather. The goal for all humans was to have a heart which was lighter than a feather. * True False According to Anne L Barstow, the archaeological site of Catal Huyuk is rich in evidence of a female cult, yet studying female's roles in prehistoric cultures is often controversial, given the lack of textual evidence. * True False Although a topic of considerable debate, Campbell believes that the three primal energies and/or compulsions of the human species are: 1. Life feeding off the lives of other living things; 2. A sexual generative urge; 3. The irresistible impulse to plunder * True False Campbell sees politicians as today's mythmakers. True * False According to Campbell's hero's journey, the three stages of initiation are: separation, passage, and reintegration, in that order. * True False According to Bill Moyers, the job of a judge has been mythologized and ritualized by the wearing of a magisterial black robe. * True False Myth - an order of acceptable ideas concerning the cosmos and its parts and nations and other human groups. * True False Campbell believes that the exodus of Moses probably occurred during the reign of Ramses II, since Ramses died by drowning in the Red Sea. True * False In Egyptian history, two of the most important symbols were the shepherd's crook and winnowing flail, representing protection and discipline. * True False According to the Brahamanah (900-800 B.C.) since the nature of the sacrifice was burning fire and since the sacrifice invoked the gods, the sacrifice itself was seen as being greater than the gods. Therefore, whoever controlled sacrifice was greater than the gods. Since the priests controlled the sacrifices and since all humans burn sacrifices they eat, it followed that humans were greater than the gods. * True False The Persian leader who is most responsible for influencing the Western tradition was Zoroaster. His emphasis on two gods, Ahura Mazda and Ahura Mainyu, one of light and one of dark, concretized the idea that the two were in permanent conflict. * True False It is not possible for a Buddhist to put himself in harmony with nature when the world is both good and evil. In order to survive, he must fix nature by aligning himself with a good and fighting the evil. True * False According to Campbell, the Buddha in India and Confucius in China were contemporaries, both living around the year 500 B.C. * True False In both East and West, the humanistic tradition (man as man) and humans as the center of all things (downplaying the role of deities) had a similar impact and acceptance in the societies and cultures. True * False