All of the following contributed to the ultimate decline of the Native Americans except: the slaughter of the buffalo * the Indians' refusal to accept Christianity the reservation system the Indian Wars Sand Creek was the scene of a/an * unprovoked massacre of Cheyenne Indians by white civilian "Volunteers." treaty of friendship between the Cheyenne and the citizens of Colorado. unprovoked massacre of white soldiers by the Sioux. Indian victory over the U.S. Seventh Cavalry. More than any other industry or commercial enterprise, this group fostered western expansion: missionaries land speculators * miners farmers Beginning in 1868 and lasting nearly two decades, this industry represented a bonanza in the West: * cattle buffalo hunting cattle rustling sod busting The Homestead Act granted 160 acres of public domain to any settler who wanted it. was willing to pay $5 an acre. * would live on the land and improve it for five years. was willing to share his or her produce with the government. European immigrants to the Great Plains tended to * form tight-knit, ethnically distinctive communities. look for secluded areas to form colonies. add to the violence and instability of the West. settle as individual families isolated on a solitary homestead. The Dawes Act was basically successful in establishing Indians as homesteaders. * undermining tribal sovereignty. reinstating and protecting reservations. reaffirming the integrity of Indian cultural institutions. From 1885 to 1887, which of these problems plagued the western cattle boom? range wars * drought and severe winters grasshopper attacks low prices