31
Which of the following did NOT contribute significantly to the growth of
American industry in the late nineteenth century?
A.  an abundant supply of raw materials
B.  a ready supply of both laborers and capitalists
C.  a federal government indifferent to the success or failure of private
economic ventures
D.  an expanding domestic market
E.  a series of technological advances
Answer: C
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change to communications important question
Who among the following did not make contributions to technological
improvements in communications?
A.  Cyrus Field
B.  Thomas Edison
C.  Alexander Graham Bell
D.  William Kelly
E.  All of the above did.
Answer: C
The American steel industry first emerged in
A.  western Pennsylvania.
B.  New England.
C.  New York.
D.  Alabama.
E.  the Great Lakes region.
Answer: A
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importance for lubrication
The oil industry first began to develop in the late nineteenth century in
response to the needs of
A.  the automobile industry.
B.  the steel industry.
C.  a war economy.
D.  the railroad industry
E.  cities.
Answer: B
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reword
Frederick Taylor
A.  opposed the machine age.
B.  believed in the importance of highly skilled workers.
C.  generally disagreed with the industrial ideas of Henry Ford.
D.  sought to enhance employers' control of the workplace.
E.  wanted workers to be able to perform many different, if generally simple,
tasks.
Answer: D
The principal agent for industrial development in the late nineteenth century
was
A.  the auto industry.
B.  the railroad.
C.  government.
D.  the military.
E.  the steel industry.
Answer: B
Vital to the expansion of the railroad were subsidies from
A.  state governments.
B.  local governments.
C.  the federal government.
D.  all of the above
E.  none of the above
Answer: D
Which statement about the history of the corporation during the nineteenth
century is NOT true?
A.  The ability to sell stock directly to the public helped entrepreneurs
gather significant sums of capital.
B.  Individual investors became increasingly liable for any debts the
corporation might have.
C.  Incorporation was pioneered by the railroad industry.
D.  Direct government grants of money were not critical to corporate
development.
E.  Each statement is essentially true.
Answer: B
Who among the following is NOT to be associated primarily with the steel
industry?
A.  Henry Clay Frick
B.  Andrew Carnegie
C.  J. P. Morgan
D.  John D. Rockefeller
E.  Each of the above was.
Answer: D
The story of Andrew Carnegie included all but
A.  the success of an immigrant.
B.  his financing of his undertakings out of profits and sale of stock.
C.  his creation of U.S. Steel and eventual sale of it to J. P. Morgan.
D.  his taking an interest in the making and selling of steel from mine to
market.
E.  his support of steelworkers at Homestead in Pennsylvania.
Answer: E
"Horizontal integration"
A.  was quite similar to "vertical integration."
B.  saw a number of firms engaged in different enterprises combine into a
single corporation.
C.  both a and b
D.  neither a nor b
E.
Answer: D
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reword - forms of consolidation
With which of the following did Rockefeller experiment?
A.  trusts
B.  pools
C.  holding companies
D.  only a and b
E.  all of the first three
Answer: E
Which statement about Social Darwinism is NOT true?
A.  It was an ideology which aptly described the realities of the late
nineteenth-century American economy.
B.  The first major proponent of this ideology was not an American, but an
Englishman, Herbert Spencer.
C.  The Gospel of Wealth touted a less harsh form of Social Darwinism.
D.  Ideas of Social Darwinism stemmed from Charles Darwin's study of the
biological origin of the species.
E.  There were no detractors of this ideology
Answer: A
The most important public advocate of the "gospel of wealth" was
A.  John D. Rockefeller.
B.  Andrew Carnegie.
C.  William Graham Sumner.
D.  J. P. Morgan.
E.  Herbert Spencer.
Answer: B
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fix
Horatio Alger
A.  like Russell Conwell, was a trained minister.
B.  was a novelist second and a speaker first.
C.  wrote The Gospel of Wealth.
D.  advanced the ideas of Lester Ward.
E.  advocated the single tax.
Answer: A
According to your instructor (and his experiences), the late-nineteenth-century opponent of Social Darwinism who correctly advocated a single tax on land was
A.  Edward Bellamy.
B.  Lester Ward.
C.  Henry George.
D.  Daniel De Leon.
E.  Horatio Alger
Answer: C
During the 1870s and 1880s (considered the "First Wave") most of the immigrants to the United States came
from
A.  Italy and the Slavic countries.
B.  England, Ireland, and northern Europe.
C.  Poland and Russia.
D.  Japan and China.
E.  Central America.
Answer: B
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fix
Which statement concerning women and late-nineteenth-century factory work is
NOT accurate?
A.  As the need for skilled workers decreased, the number of women working in
factories increased.
B.  The textile industry remained the largest single industrial employer of
women.
C.  The most common female occupation was teaching.
D.  Women worked for wages well below wages paid to men for similar work.
E.  Each statement is essentially accurate.
Answer: C
The great railroad strike of 1877
A.  was launched in response to a wage cut.
B.  led to the calling out of federal troops by President Hayes.
C.  began in the East and spread west.
D.  none of the above
E.  all of the above
Answer: E
The Knights of Labor
A.  was primarily a trade union.
B.  permitted women to join.
C.  was not terribly well organized.
D.  both b and c
E.  none of the above
Answer: D
The Knights of Labor
A.  was led by Samuel Gompers.
B.  believed in the "wage system."
C.  excluded lawyers and gamblers.
D.  did not peak until after the decline of the American Federation of Labor.
E.  none of the above
Answer: C
The Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor were divided by
their positions on
A.  the use of the strike.
B.  separate craft unions versus one big union.
C.  modern capitalism.
D.  all of the above
E.  none of the above
Answer: D
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fix
The Haymarket Square riot of 1886
A.  led to the deaths of policemen and civilians.
B.  resulted in the convictions, but not executions, of anarchists.
C.  took place in New York City.
D.  left anarchists vulnerable to the charge that they were really trade
unionists.
E.  both a and b
Answer: E
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fix
The story of the Homestead strike of 1892
A.  began with a wage cut.
B.  involved John D. Rockefeller.
C.  concerned the meatpacking industry.
D.  involved angry farmers who wanted their own land.
E.  saw the workers stage a surprising win.
Answer: A
The Pullman strike of 1894
A.  was occasioned by the shutting down of the Pullman Company towns.
B.  involved Eugene Debs and the American Railway Union.
C.  was successful.
D.  saw the governor of Illinois request federal troops.
E.  saw the president portray himself as a friend of labor.
Answer: B
The eventual leader of American socialism, Eugene Debs, played a leading role
in what strike?
A.  Homestead
B.  Pullman
C.  the great railroad strike
D.  none of the above
E.
Answer: B