Most of the immigrants who came to the United States before the Civil War were from 
A. Ireland and Germany. 
B. England and Scotland. 
C. Italy and Poland. 
D. Africa and West Indies. 
ANSWER: A

Douglas accused Lincoln of being a 'Black Republican' which implied that Lincoln favored 
A. prohibiting slavery. 
B. social equality with blacks. 
C. invasion of the South. 
D. voting for free African Americans. 
ANSWER: B


In the video, Lucretia Mott's comment to Elizabeth Cady Stanton, 'Why Lizzie, thee will make us ridiculous,' is good illustration of the differences among women reformers over 
A. demanding the right to vote. 
B. shifting from moral reform to women's rights. 
C. wanting to wear clothing like bloomers. 
D. demanding property, custody, and education rights. 
ANSWER: A

Both the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Dred Scott decision invalidated this agreement. 
A. Missouri Compromise 
B. Compromise of 1850 
C. three-fifths compromise 
D. Wilmot Proviso 
E. Treaty of Ghent
ANSWER: A


James K. Polk's belligerent slogan, 'Fifty-four Forty or Fight,' was a reference to U.S. claims to 
A. a Texas border at the Rio Grande, not Nueces. 
B. California south to Baja. 
C. Oregon to the Russian Alaska boundary. 
D. New Mexico/Arizona border deeper into Mexico. 
ANSWER: C

Which one of the following was NOT part of the Compromise of 1850? 
A. California would be a free state 
B. New Mexico would be a slave state 
C. Texas would cede land to New Mexico Territory 
D. a stronger fugitive slave law 
ANSWER: B

Irish immigrants who settled in Boston in the 1850s entered a community where they saw all of the following EXCEPT 
A. Catholic schools with Irish nuns and priests. 
B. Irish social clubs and mutual aid societies. 
C. Irish Democrats holding public office. 
D. NINA signs used to recruit Irish laborers. 
ANSWER: D

The term manifest destiny describes all of the following ideas EXCEPT: 
A. the idea that Americans had a God-given right to bring the benefits of American democracy to backward peoples. 
B. the concern for the economic future of the United States.  
C. the idea that the American frontier spirit made it inevitable that American culture would dominate the continent. 
D. the Southern idea that there would be a gradual inclusion of more slave states into the union, including the eventual legalization of slavery throughout the country. 
ANSWER: D


Which one of the following was NOT an effect of the Market Revolution? 
A. spread of the cash economy 
B. closer connections between worker and factory owner 
C. higher worker turnover 
D. more wage dependent workers 
ANSWER: B

Reformers in the 1820's and 1830's generally believed in all of the following EXCEPT
A. the basic goodness of human nature.  
B. tolerance for the diverse cultural habits of Americans. 
C. the usefulness of social control to eliminate unacceptable social behavior. 
D. they were morally certain of what was right.  
E. they could create the perfect community on earth.  
ANSWER: B

The Dred Scott decision in 1857 
A. calmed the fears of abolitionists. 
B. supported the extremist southern argument on the rights of slave owners. 
C. upheld the Missouri Compromise as constitutional. 
D. upheld the Free Soil position on extension of slavery into the newly acquired territories. 
E. was Chief Justice John Marshall's last decision before retirement
ANSWER: B

Which one of the following candidates and positions in the 1860 election is incorrectly paired? 
A. Breckinridge/extension of slavery to the territories 
B. Lincoln/abolition of slavery 
C. Douglas/popular sovereignty 
D. Bell/compromise on slavery in the territories  
ANSWER: B

Perhaps the most popular and influential piece of abolitionist propaganda in the United States, written by Harriet Beecher Stowe was 
A. Twelve Years a Slave 
B. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl 
C. American Slavery As It Is 
D. Uncle Tom's Cabin  
ANSWER: D

Which general statement concerning the comparative development of the North and South prior to the Civil War is the MOST accurate? 
A. The South became increasingly unlike the North and increasingly sensitive to threats to its way of life. 
B. The North and the South were never terribly different, but this did not prevent the South from being sensitive to threats to what it perceived to be its distinct way of life. 
C. The North and the South grew increasingly similar, which made it increasingly unnecessary for the South to worry about threats to its way of life. 
D. The South became increasingly unlike the North, in fact, so unlike the North that southerners were unconcerned about what northerners thought of them. 
E. The North grew increasingly like the South, which gave southerners increasing confidence that their way of life was superior. 
ANSWER: A

Concerning American reform movements in the first half of the 19th century, Romanticism 
A. A) was consistent with traditional Calvinism. 
B. B) stressed the importance of order and control. 
C. both A and B 
D. neither A nor B 
ANSWER: D

Which statement about southern slaveholding is the MOST accurate? 
A. A majority of white males owned slaves. 
B. The planter class was so aristocratic as to be anti-capitalistic. 
C. Those who owned slaves constituted a significant proportion of the slaveholding population. 
D. The planter class exercised power beyond their numbers. 
E. Each statement is accurate. 
ANSWER: D

Horace Mann believed that education should promote 
A. A) democracy. 
B. B) social order. 
C. C) racial equality. 
D. D) economic equality. 
E. both a and b 
ANSWER: E

Which one of the following was NOT a cause or part of the 19th Century Market Revolution? 
A. advances in transportation and the infrastructure of the nation 
B. commercialization and the system of wages 
C. the industrial revolution 
D. remarkable discoveries of gold and silver in California and Nevada  
ANSWER: D

Garrisonian abolitionists preached 
A. immediate abolition gradually accomplished. 
B. gradual abolition gradually accomplished. 
C. immediate abolition immediately accomplished. 
D. gradual abolition with compensation to the slaveowner. 
ANSWER: C

Which of the following was acquired by the United States government by a war? 
A. Texas 
B. California 
C. Oregon 
D. all of the above 
E. none of the above 
ANSWER: B

Which of the following correctly identifies the three patterns of nativism described by John Higham in Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism - 1860-1925? 
A. anti-Black, pro-radical, anti-Puritan nativism 
B. anti-Catholic, anti-radical, anti-Anglo-Saxon nativism 
C. anti-radical, anti-Catholic, racial nativism 
D. pro-Anglo-Saxon, anti-racial, anti-religious nativism 
E. anti-immigrant, pro-Anglo-Saxon, and anti-Catholic nativism 
ANSWER: C

In the Lincoln-Douglas debates 
A. Douglas revealed that, while he was morally opposed to slavery, he was unwilling to have the federal government do anything about it. 
B. Lincoln endorsed abolitionism. 
C. Douglas was forced to conclude that slavery could be restored to the free states. 
D. Lincoln was forced to admit that he believed in the social equality of the races. 
E. none of the above 
ANSWER: E

Which of the following vocabulary words dealing with the Constitutional powers is INCORRECTLY paired with its example and/or definition? 
A. delegated power - the federal government has the power to coin money 
B. enumerated power - the federal government has the power to regulate interstate trade and foreign commerce 
C. concurrent power - both federal and state governments have the power to raise a police force 
D. residual power - the state governments have all powers not given to the federal government 
E. implied power - the federal government has all the powers given to it except those in the elastic clause of the Constitution 
ANSWER: E

Which is true of the elastic clause of the Constitution of the United States? 
A. its use has aided states' rightists throughout the nation's history 
B. its use came to an abrupt end after the Civil War and the triumph of nationalism 
C. it has been a secret weapon of the strict interpreters of the Constitution 
D. it has provided our nation with its historic trend towards loose construction 
E. it has been a countermeasure against any use of implied powers by the federal government 
ANSWER: D

A federal system of government is one in which 
A. all power is concentrated in the national government  
B. powers are divided between the in federal and the state governments  
C. the states are supreme  
D. there is a system of Cabinet responsibility  
E. none of the above 
ANSWER: B


Which of the following reform movements of the ante-bellum period is INCORRECTLY paired with one of its leaders? 
A. abolition - William Lloyd Garrison 
B. temperance - Frederick Douglass 
C. public education - Horace Mann 
D. desire for a utopian society - Brigham Young 
E. woman's suffrage - Elizabeth Cady Stanton 
ANSWER: B

According to the video, Nat Turner's revolt 
A. was the only successful (actual), large-scale, and violent slave revolt in all of the pre-Civil War South. 
B. actually led to the death of a number of white people. 
C. ended with more dead blacks than whites. 
D. led to an increase in the number of slave codes and the severity of their enforcement. 
E. all of the above are correct. 
ANSWER: E

John Brown's 1859 raid on Harpers Ferry 
A. was not the first time that he tried to kill advocates of slavery. 
B. was directed at seizing a large slave plantation. 
C. saw him captured by Confederate troops led by Robert E. Lee. 
D. led to a guilty verdict and life imprisonment. 
E. was financed by the Republican Party 
ANSWER: A

The Illinois Senate election of 1858 
A. pitted the Republican Douglas against the Democrat Lincoln. 
B. saw the incumbent defeated. 
C. had the Democrat defending popular sovereignty. 
D. saw the Republicans run the better-known candidate. 
E. had the Republican promote the idea of racial equality. 
ANSWER: C

The Republicans won the election of 1860 largely because  
A. their platform had universal appeal.  
B. of Lincoln's popularity in the South.  
C. the Democratic Party split into northern and southern wings.  
D. they appealed to the Common Man.  
ANSWER: C

Which one of these is the RESULT of the others?  
A. cotton boom  
B. huge increase in internal slave trade  
C. Eli Whitney's cotton gin  
D. British and Americans ban international slave trade.  
ANSWER: B

According to the video, Americans justified their restless expansion in all of the following ways EXCEPT: 
A. Americans had a God-given right to bring the benefits of American democracy to others. 
B. The nation's prosperity depended on expansion.  
C. It was the Americans' duty to Christianize the Indians.  
D. Canada and Mexico should belong to the United States.  
ANSWER: D


According to the historian in the video, American success in the War of 1812 
A. can be attributed to the fact that the Treaty of Ghent addressed and solved all of the causes of the war 
B. was based on the fact that Americans, under Andrew Jackson, were successful in the final battle of the war at New Orleans 
C. can only be measured if one considers that American war aims had changed during the war and that original grievances no longer applied 
D. was due to the fact that American soldiers stood firm and turned back the British invasion of the capitol at Washington D.C. 
ANSWER: C

According to the historian in the video, the impact of the industrial revolution was responsible for changing all of the following EXCEPT
A. the nature of work, that is, how goods are produced, from workers building complete items to workers being only responsible for a single part of the entire process 
B. the way women and women's work were viewed and valued by society 
C. formerly self-sufficient people were becoming vulnerable to an economy driven by a wage system 
D. all of these answers were changes experience by Americans in the industrial revolution 
ANSWER: D



Of all the New World slave societies, the one that existed in the South was the only one that 
A. grew by natural increase.  
B. imported its slaves from Africa.  
C. did not import female slaves.  
D. never had a slave rebellion.  
ANSWER: A

The appearance of the Know-Nothing Party reflected American  
A. tolerance of diversity.  
B. Nativist leanings.  
C. acceptance of the market revolution.  
D. political apathy.  
ANSWER: B

A common defense of the institution of slavery by slave owners was that  
A. slaves were treated better than northern industrial workers.  
B. slave children played with white children.  
C. slaves lived better on southern plantations than the natives in Africa.  
D. slaves lived much longer than whites.  
ANSWER: A



Which of the following events did not include an element of state's rights versus federal power with the inherent threat of secession?
A. the Hartford Convention in 1814 
B. the Tarriff of Abomination in 1828 
C. the Nullification Crisis of 1831 
D. the Chesapeake-Leopard Incident of 1807 
E. the Presidential Election of 1860 
ANSWER: D


The event that sparked the process of secession for the majority of southern states was 
A. John Brown's raid 
B. anti-union riots in Baltimore 
C. the bombardment of Ft. Sumter 
D. the election of Lincoln to the presidency 
E. Buchanon's policies against slavery 
ANSWER: D

Which one of the following political parties does NOT belong in this list of sectional and/or special interest parties prior to the Civil War? 
A. Free-Soil Party 
B. Liberty Party 
C. American (Know Nothing) Party 
D. Democratic Party 
E. Republican Party 
ANSWER: D








Industrialization, and the creation of wage slaves, while very constraining, was still freer than southern Black slavery. 
A. True 
B. False 
ANSWER: A

Women led some of the first strikes in American labor history. 
A. True 
B. False 
ANSWER: A

By 1860, nearly 50% of the American population was urban. 
A. True 
B. False 
ANSWER: B

Many of the tribes that moved to Indian territory were forced off their land and lost their property and their autonomy. 
A. True 
B. False 
ANSWER: A

According to your Primary Source Document readings, it would be fair to say that writers Frederick Douglass and Charles Fitzhugh are at opposite ends of the slavery continuum (spectrum).
A. True 
B. False 
ANSWER: A

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo granted Texas its independence. 
A. True 
B. False 
ANSWER: B

The problem of race in the United States is evident in that although the free-soil and pro-slavery supporters were on opposite sides of the ideological spectrum, both groups were also anti-Black. 
A. True 
B. False 
ANSWER: A

According to your Primary Source Document reading, it would be accurate to conclude that Mathew Carey, in Rules for Husbands and Wives, (1830) was very conservative and succeeded only in reinforcing traditional gender roles.
A. True 
B. False 
ANSWER: B

After 1808, when the importation of slaves became illegal, the number of Blacks in the United States steadily declined. 
A. True 
B. False 
ANSWER: B

Much of the new pre-Civil War immigration went into the growing cities of the northeastern part of the U.S. 
A. True 
B. False 
ANSWER: A

At the time of the Civil War, an overwhelming majority of all white southerners owned no slaves at all. 
A. True 
B. False 
ANSWER: A

According to your Primary Source Document reading, it is clear that Thomas Corwin, a Whig senator from Ohio and Henry David Thoreau, author of On Civil Disobedience, who refused to pay his taxes because they would be used to support the war, were at opposite ends of the continuum (spectrum) concerning United States involvement in the Mexican-American War.
A. True 
B. False 
ANSWER: B



The American Colonization Society called for the gradual freeing of slaves and for monetary compensation to their former owners. 
A. True 
B. False 
ANSWER: A

Some historical evidence suggests that the material condition of slaves was quite a bit better than was the case for European peasants and industrial workers in the North. 
A. True 
B. False 
ANSWER: A

Even in the North, abolitionists were a small, dissenting minority of the total population. 
A. True 
B. False 
ANSWER: A

According to the video and your instructor, the Dred Scott Decision of 1857 was the worst case of extreme prejudice in a court decision and the best example of judicial restraint in all of U.S. history. 
A. True 
B. False 
ANSWER: B
