In their emphasis on the need for a "balanced government," conservatives were expressing their     
 support for strong local governments.    
 desire to expand political participation to the masses.    
 * fear of tyranny by a majority of "the unthinking."    
 support for universal manhood suffrage.    
    

The biggest British defeat before Yorktown occurred at     
 * Trenton, New Jersey.    
 Saratoga, New York.    
 Fort Ticonderoga.    
 Brandywine Creek.    
    

The French committed themselves to recognize American independence      
 on the insistence of Jefferson, the head of the American diplomatic delegation in Paris.    
 * after Saratoga and fears of British conciliation.    
 after the British launched an attack on a French supply ship entering Boston Harbor.    
 to support the principles of anti-colonialism and opposition to monarchism.    
    

American migration to these areas continued even as the Revolution was being fought:     
 Texas and Oklahoma    
 Missouri and Kansas    
 Michigan and Illinois    
 * Kentucky and Tennessee    
    

The British southern campaign was from     
 1775-1776.    
 1776-1778.    
 * 1778-1781.    
 1781-1783.    
    

While it had little practical effect, this reform of Jefferson's in Virginia was copied by most states by 1798:     
 law for companionate marriage    
 * abolishing of entail and primogeniture    
 state supported churches    
 capital punishment restricted to murder and treason    
    

In what future state in the Northwest Territory were there British forts?     
 Ohio    
 * Michigan    
 Illinois    
 Indiana    
    

Which one of the following would have been most likely to sympathize with the Loyalist cause during the American Revolution?     
 a lawyer from Massachusetts    
 a merchant from Virginia    
 * a Scot tenant farmer from the Carolinas    
 a merchant from Boston    
    

All of the following happened in 1778 except:     
 France enters the war.    
 The British capture Savannah.    
 George Rogers Clark captures Kaskaskia.    
 * Howe captures Philadelphia.    
    

During the Revolutionary War, the institution of slavery     
 * was abolished in a number of northern states.    
 eliminated the possibility of any African Americans serving in the Patriot cause.    
 was weakened in the Lower South with the shift away from tobacco farming.    
 was tightened throughout the U.S. because of fears of British-inspired slave insurrections.    
    

The type of state governments established in New York, Maryland, and Pennsylvania after the Revolution indicated the     
 power of the conservatives throughout the 14 states that existed at the time.    
 amount of control the radical element had seized.    
 reluctance to blend conservative and democratic elements.    
 * balance of political power between conservative Whigs and radical democrats.    
    

The American economy during the Revolution     
 flourished without the restrictions imposed by the British.    
 * was in depression.    
 suffered from inflation.    
 faced collapse because of poor agricultural output.    
    

When the Revolutionary War moved to the South, the British shifted to a strategy of     
 military conquest and occupation of territory.    
 turning the military conflict over to German mercenaries.    
 * taking territory and turning it over to Loyalists.    
 relying on the use of naval forces to cut off supplies.    
    

How did the Confederation Congress try to repay its debts?     
 by raising taxes    
 by raising tariffs    
 * by requisitioning states for funds    
 by passing bonds issues    
    

How many states were created from the Northwest Territory?     
 three    
 six    
 five     
 * four    
    

The first state to abolish slavery was     
 * Vermont.    
 Rhode Island.    
 Delaware.    
 Pennsylvania.    
    

What characterized Spanish involvement in the Revolution?     
 neutrality    
 * an independent course    
 coordinated strategizing with the French    
 an alliance with the British    
    

By the end of the 1700s, the free black population     
 * had a substantial community taking pride in African heritage.    
 were granted the vote in most New England states.    
 joined white American institutions and avoided slave groups.    
 was too small to form into community organizations.    
    

In 1783, the country with the largest North American empire was     
 Russia.    
 * Spain.    
 France.    
 the United States.    
    

One of the first important political effects of the American Revolution was     
 the rise of a strong conservative element that called for a diminished role for the old colonial assemblies.    
 * elimination of the Tories as a legitimate political voice and the rise of a radical democratic ideology.    
 a decline in the participation of ordinary people in the political process.    
 a shift in the political debate to the issue of slavery.    
    

The British strategy in 1776 and 1777 was to move north up the Hudson and south from Canada in order to     
 * isolate New England.    
 combine strength with Iroquois allies.    
 protect the Great Lakes.    
 gain the strategic New York harbor.    
    

Most Indian peoples during the American Revolution     
 united to support the American cause.    
 played the British and Americans against each other.    
 * supported the British.    
 stayed neutral.    
    

All of the following were true of American men who fought in the Revolution except:     
 More soldiers died of disease than of battle wounds.    
 Continental Army regiments had the highest casualties.    
 The casualty ratio was higher than in any other American conflict except the Civil War.    
 * Patriot militia were the most important group in winning battles.    
    

Which one of the following was the RESULT of the other three?     
 Economic depression followed the Revolution.    
 * Conservative nationalists want to strengthen national government.    
 Debtors are sued and jailed for debt.    
 Shays's Rebellion and other uprisings spread.    
    

The state government that probably came the closest to the one proposed in "The People the Best Governors" was     
 * Pennsylvania.    
 Maryland.    
 South Carolina     
 Massachusetts.    
    

For women, the most important effect of the Revolution and reform was to     
 expand the vote to women in most states.    
 obtain more rights.    
 * increase expectation.    
 radically change women's legal role in society.    
    

In addressing the problems of the West, the Land Ordinance of 1782     
 provided for giving away land for free.    
 established large Indian reservations.    
 divided the land into five states.    
 * created an ordered survey system.    
    

All of the following were provisions of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 except:     
 It prohibited slavery.    
 New states had equal footing with the original ones.    
 A territorial governor and assembly were provided.    
 * Land would be divided into 640 acre sections, 36 to a township.    
    

Which one of the following was most characteristic of the Continental Army encamped at Valley Forge?     
 * It contained many who were drawn from the ranks of the poor and disadvantaged.    
 No women were present with the army.    
 Most of its soldiers were well-trained professionals.    
 There were no positive results of its encampment there.    
    

All of the following were significant to the American victory at Yorktown except:     
 Rochambeau's Army    
 French Caribbean fleet    
 Washington's Continentals     
 * Cherokee warriors    
    

Washington crossed the Delaware and counterattacked at Trenton in     
 * 1776.    
 1777.    
 1778.    
 1779.    
    

All of the following were provisions of the Treaty of Paris of 1783 except:     
 right to fish in northern waters    
 * Loyalists would not be compensated for property.    
 western boundary of the Mississippi    
 British would withdraw from all forts within American territory.    
    

Thomas Jefferson's "Government of the Western Territory" was an attempt to create a      
 * democratic colonial policy to increase national community sentiment.    
 haven for Indians who had been American allies.    
 settlement to the disputes and claims of colonies to the west.    
 series of forts and defenses against the British and Spanish.    
    

Which one of the following is NOT correctly matched to their accomplishments?     
 Absalom Jones / African Espicopal church in Philadelphia    
 Benjamin Banneker / mathematician and almanac publisher    
 Phyllis Wheatley / writer and poet    
 * Jupiter Hammon/ leader of a free black militia    
    

Encounters between the British Army and Continental Army at Trenton and Princeton, New Jersey in late 1776     
 pushed the British south into Delaware.    
 enabled the Americans to control New York.    
 * gave the Americans small victories needed to help morale.    
 convinced Washington that the Americans had to pursue an aggressive offensive policy to defeat the British.    
    

Currency laws in seven other states illustrated the power of the     
 national community.    
 national political authority.    
 * farmers and rural areas.    
 merchants and creditors.    
    

The Articles of Confederation were not actually ratified until     
 1789.    
 * 1781.    
 1782.    
 1783.    
    

In the Land Ordinance of 1785, the income from the sale of section 16 of each township was reserved for support of     
 roads and canals.    
 a territorial government.    
 * public education.    
 defense.    
    

The local militias that fought in the Revolutionary War     
 were raised by instituting a draft.    
 * suffered appalling rates of desertion.    
 exhibited surprising military discipline.    
 provided the military expertise that ultimately defeated the British.    
    

The Congress under the Articles of Confederation did not have authority to      
 conduct war and foreign affairs.    
 establish a monetary system.    
 * tax citizens directly.    
 obtain loans.    
    

Loyalists who fled the United States during and after the American Revolution     
 usually sold their abandoned property to Congress at the war's conclusion.    
 received no compensation for their property losses.    
 encountered little hostility from American revolutionaries.    
 * as a group were reluctant and unhappy exiles.    
    

In taking the position he did in the wake of the issuance of the Newburgh address, George Washington     
 officially declared himself a candidate for the presidency.    
 established the principle of separation of church and state.    
 * set a precedent for the subordination of the military to civil authority.    
 revealed his hostility toward the British.    
    

All of the following were ideas expressed in "The People the Best Governors" except:     
 State government was only needed to coordinate local communities.    
 Judges, governors, and representatives should be popularly elected.    
 * Women and African Americans should be allowed to vote.    
 The community meeting was the ideal form of government.    
    

The countries that lost the most North American territory between 1750 and 1783 were France and     
 * England.    
 Portugal.    
 Spain.    
 Russia.