Prince Henry the Navigator's school at Sagres Point was significant for European exploration. It was located in     
 Granada.    
 Ireland.    
 Genoa.    
 * Portugal.    
    

What was "new" in the monarchies of fourteenth and fifteenth century Europe was their      
 * growing political unity and alliance with merchants.    
 religious fervor and support from the Church.    
 democratic tendencies and support of the common people.    
 allying with each other in commercial trading ventures.    
    

How much did Mexico's population decline in the first century following European contact?     
 * from 25 million to one million    
 from several hundred thousand to a few hundred.    
 by ninety percent.    
 by sixty percent     
    

What was one major reason that the Spanish monarchs Isabella and Ferdinand were more willing than other monarchs to buy Columbus's plan?     
 They needed money to fight the Muslims in Spain.    
 They feared France would exploit this opportunity.    
 * They had witnessed the success of the Portuguese ventures.    
 They wanted to exile Protestants.    
    

Which island(s) provided likely stopping points for voyages across the Atlantic?     
 Ireland    
 Corsica     
 * Sicily     
 Azores    
    

England's first ventures into the New World were motivated by     
 * animosity toward Spain.    
 a desire for colonization.    
 fear of the French.    
 missionary zeal.    
    

Which choice below gives the correct chronological order of these events?(1)	Ponce de Leon lands in Florida (2)	Raleigh's colony is established on Roanoke Island (3)	Cartier explores the St. Lawrence (4)	John Cabot explores Nova Scotia and Newfoundland     
 2, 3, 4, 1    
 * 4, 1, 3, 2    
 1, 4, 2, 3    
 3, 2, 1, 4    
    

All of the following contributed to economic growth of Western Europe prior to the fifteenth century except:     
 the Crusades    
 exposure to Chinese technical innovations    
 contact with Muslim civilization    
 * the unity of the feudal land system    
    

The Spanish monopoly of the New World was broken with the      
 signing of the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494.    
 French successfully seizing Louisiana in 1564.    
 French defeat of the Spanish at St. Augustine in 1607.    
 * English defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588.     
    

All of the following were connected to Portugal's maritime exploration except:     
 Prince Henry    
 * Huguenots    
 Sagres Point    
 Caravel    
    

Which one of the following ports was located in Spain?     
 Bristol    
 Plymouth    
 Lisbon     
 * Palos    
    

An important factor in Columbus's decision to exploit the Taino Indians was     
 * his belief that they could lead him to sources of gold.    
 the Taino Indians' initial hostile behavior toward the Spaniards.    
 their control of the production of spices much in demand in Spain.    
 his sincere desire to convert the Tainos to Christianity.    
    

An important consequence of Coronado's failure to find the fabled gold cities of Cibolo was     
 the Spanish decision to establish agricultural settlements in the Southwest.    
 * the Spanish abandonment of interest in the Southwest for half a century.    
 that the Southwest would be settled initially by French, not Spanish, citizens.    
 the Spanish decision to exploit the vast herds of buffalo in the region for profit.    
    

The Church recognized the division of the New World in Spanish and Portuguese spheres in the Treaty of Tordesillas in     
 1492.    
 * 1494.    
 1497.    
 1514.    
    

Which of the following was the least important reason for the population decline that occurred in native populations in the wake of the Spanish conquest?     
 starvation    
 declining birth rates    
 disease    
 * warfare    
    

Among the "new" items that the Spanish first brought back to the Europeans after contact with the native peoples in the New World was/were     
 black pepper.    
 domesticated dogs.    
 coffee and sugar.    
 * vanilla and chocolate.    
    

St. Augustine and Fort Caroline represent a collision of these two forces in Florida:     
 Spanish and Timucuan    
 * French and Spanish    
 English and Spanish    
 French and Timucuan    
    

All of the following were part of Walter Raleigh's vision of his English colony at Roanoke except:     
 * an equal alliance with the Indians    
 making the Indians serfs of the English masters    
 establishing a thriving fur trade    
 exploring for precious metals    
    

Chief Wingina saw the early Roanoke colonists as      
 carriers of diseases killing his people.    
 * potential allies to increase his power.    
 protectors of the Grand Banks from the Iroquois.    
 useful trading partners.    
    

One of the major reasons for social change and the disruption of the English economy in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was the     
 * enclosing of common pasture land.    
 appearance of a Catholic king on the English throne.    
 impact of the Reformation.    
 deflationary monetary cycle.    
    

The first attempt to found an English colony was in present-day     
 Virginia.    
 * Newfoundland.    
 Florida.    
 South Carolina.    
    

One hundred years after Columbus' first voyage to the "New World," the largest empire in the Americas was     
 French and English.    
 German and Dutch.    
 Portuguese and Irish.    
 * Spanish and African.    
    

A principal cause of the Spanish success in conquering the Aztecs in the early sixteenth century was     
 the superiority of Spanish arms.    
 * the Spaniards' ability to take advantage of native peoples' hostility to Aztec rule.    
 the absence of an Aztec military "bureaucracy" that could launch a counterattack.    
 the availability of horses to the Spanish.    
    

John White and Thomas Harriot's vision of the first Indian-European relationship on Roanoke had the most in common with this Indian emissary:     
 Wingina    
 Manteo    
 * Wanchese    
 Croatoan    
    

The most important legacy of the Roanoke expedition was     
 * written accounts of the area and Indian peoples there.    
 the permanent military beachhead left there.    
 the mutually beneficial contacts with the area natives.    
 the discovery of the tobacco plant.    
    

St. Augustine is the oldest continuously occupied European city in North America, dating from     
 1516.    
 * 1565.    
 1583.    
 1588.    
    

The Renaissance was based on the belief that     
 the authority of the Roman Catholic Church should be obeyed in all instances.    
 * human potential is important and should be celebrated.    
 concern for the afterlife must always be the primary focus of human beings.    
 ancient classical beliefs and forms must be rejected.    
    

The people who benefited the most in Medieval Europe were     
 peasant farmers.    
 Jews.    
 * feudal lords.    
 women.    
    

By establishing a "frontier of inclusion," the Spanish developed communities     
 * of large mixed-ancestry groups.    
 of equals with native peoples.    
 with other European peoples.    
 that were more rural than urban.    
    

All of the following were true of the effects of French trade on Indian communities in the St. Lawrence Valley except:     
 dependency on European goods    
 intertribal rivalry    
 epidemic diseases    
 * fur trading favored Indians    
    

What contributed to the naming of America after Vespucci?     
 * He was the first to describe it as a new world.    
 He was the first to land on the mainland.    
 He was the first to discover vast sources of gold.    
 He was the first to report the founding of the new lands.    
    

Among the MOST important contributions that the Spanish made to the New World in the continental exchange was/were     
 Old World foodstuffs.    
 * domesticated animals and livestock.    
 tobacco.    
 spices and silk.    
    

These European events affected New World events. Which choice below gives the correct chronological order of these events? (1)	High point of the Renaissance (2)	Elizabeth I of England begins reign (3)	Martin Luther breaks with the Church (4)	Black Death     
 2, 3, 1, 4    
 4, 3, 2, 1    
 * 4, 1, 3, 2    
 1, 4, 2, 3    
    

The Norse settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows dates to     
 * 1000.    
 1200.    
 1397.    
 1488.    
    

Beginning with the entrance of French fisherman into the North Atlantic, relationships among the French and the Indians were based on     
 conquest.     
 missionary work.	    
 * trade.    
 hostility.    
    

The fifteenth century Western European nations active in overseas exploration shared a/an     
 weak economy.    
 * Atlantic coastline.    
 weak monarchial system.    
 Protestant outlook.    
    

All of the following were epidemic diseases that destroyed Indian populations except:     
 small pox    
 measles    
 malaria    
 * syphilis