An important way in which the medieval world differed economically from the classical Greek and Roman world was 



A. Its population was far smaller, about ten percent of that of ancient times 


B. It was able to make better use of technology with its water mills and windmills 


C. Its agricultural system was far less productive 


D. None of the above 


E.


Answer: B
Watermills 



A. Did not exist in the Middle Ages 


B. Replaced windmills 


C. Provided a form of power that was rare or nonexistent in classical antiquity 


D. None of the above 


E.


Answer: C
During the early Middle Ages 



A. Viking invasion caused the collapse of agriculture 


B. Developments such as the three-field system and the horse collar meant that agriculture was actually improved from classical time 


C. Crop rotation was abandoned 


D. None of the above 


E.


Answer: B
Which of the following was not a result of the spread of the three-field system? 



A. A major development of industry 


B. A doubling of European population 


C. An expansion of European settlements 


D. A growth of freedom in agricultural areas, with the lessening of serfdom 


E.


Answer: A
Medieval towns 



A. Were often feudal fiefs 


B. Always excluded Jews from residency 


C. Became important centers of trade and manufacturing 


D. Were larger than their Roman counterparts 


E.


Answer: C
The medieval guilds 



A. Were organizations of tradesmen within the towns 


B. Were the name for the governing bodies of the towns 


C. Were organizations of runaway serfs 


D. Were associations of vassals intending to fight their lord 


E.


Answer: A
Pick out the incorrect statement about Medieval trade 



A. Europeans traded with Moslems 


B. Numerous trade routes developed between northern and southern European countries 


C. The Baltic Sea became a center of prosperous trade, monopolized by the Hanseatic League 


D. It was mostly trade in necessities rather than trade in luxuries 


E.


Answer: D
The Jewish communities of the early Middle Ages 



A. Were almost exclusively rural 


B. Began to engage in money lending 


C. Were usually organized into guilds 


D. Were systematically expelled from almost all medieval cities 


E.


Answer: B
The place where medieval trade fairs were held between the northern and the southern trade zones was 



A. Flanders 


B. Spain 


C. Italy 


D. Champagne 


E.


Answer: D
The Hanseatic League 



A. Acquired a monopoly on the Baltic trade 


B. Was centered in Flanders 


C. Was ruined by the economic competition of the Champagne fairs 


D. All of the above 


E.


Answer: A
Gothic architecture 



A. Was started by the Goths 


B. Was noted for its dark, dreary spaces 


C. Was a form of Castle building 


D. Used such architectural features as pointed arches and flying buttresses 


E.


Answer: D
Medieval universities 



A. Often arose from cathedral schools 


B. Developed from guilds--in this case guilds of masters and students 


C. Focused especially on law, medicine, and theology 


D. All of the above 


E.


Answer: D
Ramon Lull 



A. Attempted to preach Christianity to the Islamic world 


B. Opposed Abelard's theological methods 


C. Was a founder of the University of Paris 


D. Was an early opponent of slavery 


E.


Answer: A
The Scholastic theologians of the Middle Ages 



A. Refused to study the works of Arab thinkers such as Avicenna and Averro‘s 


B. Often relied on the logic developed by Aristotle 


C. Believed that faith and reason were quite separate 


D. Condemned the ideas of Thomas Aquinas 


E.


Answer: B
The goal of Scholastic philosophy in the Middle Ages was 



A. To reconcile faith and reason 


B. To provide employment for professors 


C. To refute the ideas of Abelard 


D. To provide justification for monarchy 


E.


Answer: A
Thomas Aquinas believed 



A. That there was no point in studying the physical world 


B. That all Aristotelian ideas should be rejected by Christians 


C. That faith and reason are incompatible 


D. That Christian faith and reason, the latter exemplified by Aristotelian philosophy, were compatible 


E.


Answer: D
The importance of Robert Grosseteste and Roger Bacon in the Middle Ages was 



A. That they demonstrated that it was possible to develop an idea of experimental science in the Middle Ages 


B. That they developed trade links with the Moslem world 


C. That they formulated the ideas of feudalism 


D. That they demonstrated that there was no intellectual progress during the Middle Ages 


E.


Answer: A
The medieval castle 



A. Was always built of stone 


B. Was usually erected in harmony with its environment 


C. By the 13th century was designed for comfort as well as for defense 


D. None of the above 


E.


Answer: C
Medieval chivalry 



A. Required sexual purity 


B. Rejected the violence of tournaments 


C. Was a code of ethics that to some extent tamed the violence of medieval warriors 


D. None of the above 


E.


Answer: C
The medieval concept of courtly love 



A. Was also applied to the peasants 


B. In literature, if not necessarily in fact, enhanced the position of women 


C. Tended to strengthen the bonds of matrimony 


D. All of the above 


E.


Answer: B
The Norman conquest of England 



A. Had little real effect because it was only a change of rulers 


B. Led to the Investiture crisis 


C. Led to the rise of universities 


D. Ultimately remade England by making it feudal under French-speaking kings 


E.


Answer: D
The development of France and England in the Middle Ages were clear instances of 



A. The growth of religious heresy 


B. The rise of centralized monarchies 


C. The growth of Scholastic theology 


D. The development of commerce in the Mediterranean world 


E.


Answer: B
After becoming king of England, William the Conqueror 



A. Imposed a highly centralized feudal system in England 


B. Retained all the Anglo-Saxon governmental institutions 


C. Returned to France because he was only interested in looting, not in permanent occupation 


D. Proclaimed himself Emperor, successor to Charlemagne 


E.


Answer: A
The English barons' rebellion against king John's abuse of feudal custom resulted in the 



A. Norman Conquest 


B. Investiture crisis 


C. Parliament 


D. Magna Carta 


E.


Answer: D
The English Parliament 



A. Was established by the Magna Carta 


B. Started to take shape with lords, bishops, knights, and townsmen under Edward I 


C. Was quickly dominated by the House of Commons 


D. None of the above 


E.


Answer: B
During the Middle Ages, the Iberian peninsula 



A. Remained completely under Moslem control 


B. Saw the conversion of most Moslems in Spain to Christianity 


C. Saw the gradual "Reconquest" of most of the peninsula by Christian kingdoms 


D. All of the above 


E.


Answer: C
The most important achievement of the Capetian kings of France was probably 



A. The defeat of the pope in the Investiture crisis 


B. A successful invasion of England that overthrew William the Conqueror 


C. Their expansion of royal authority by gaining control of most French provinces from the great feudal princes 


D. None of the above 


E.


Answer: C
According to the text, by the end of the 13th century, the wealthiest and best governed monarchy in Europe was 



A. Spain 


B. England 


C. France 


D. Holy Roman Empire 


E.


Answer: C
In spite of its name, the Medieval Holy Roman Empire was based not in Italy, but in 



A. England 


B. France 


C. Germany 


D. Poland 


E.


Answer: C
Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, Holy Roman Emperor 



A. Focused his rule in Italy and Sicily, viewing Germany only as a source of revenue 


B. Dictated Church policy by appointing several popes 


C. Neglected Italy in order to establish dictatorial power in Germany 


D. Suppressed all traces of Moslem culture in his dominions 


E.


Answer: A
The apparently strong German monarchy of the Holy Roman Empire eventually foundered because 



A. Of the growing strength of major independent nobles in Germany 


B. Of the result of the Investiture struggle against the pope 


C. Of too much involvement in Italian politics that led the emperors to neglect Germany 


D. All of the above 


E.


Answer: D
Medieval church reform 



A. Was opposed by the kings of France and England because it strengthened the power of the Holy Roman Emperor 


B. Was demanded by the Roman aristocracy to prevent Imperial intervention in the election of the popes 


C. Had as an important background, the intervention of Emperor Henry III who deposed three rival popes and strengthened the papal court 


D. Was undertaken without the support of the Clunaic monks because they believed that monasteries, not the papacy, should be the heart of church reform 


E.


Answer: C
The Investiture controversy was the question of 



A. Whether the pope should invest William with the title King of England after the Norman conquest 


B. Whether the pope should invest Louis IX of France with the title of Emperor because of his obvious saintliness 


C. Whether it was the right of the pope or the Emperor to invest German bishops with the symbols of religious office 


D. None of the above 


E.


Answer: C
The Investiture struggle became especially bitter in Germany, the Holy Roman Empire, because 



A. German bishops served as secular administrators for the Emperor, so he could not see his power of appointment fall into the hands of the popes 


B. The kings of France and England, gave the popes all they wanted, leaving the Emperor isolated and weak 


C. During the struggle the Emperor actually called on Moslem forces to invade Rome 


D. The popes succeeded in assassinating the Emperor, but the new Emperor exercised equal ruthlessness against the pope 


E.


Answer: A
Pope Innocent III 



A. Was able to reprimand kings of England, Aragon, France, Norway, and Poland and insist that they obey him 


B. Preached the First Crusade 


C. Was deposed because he embraced the Albigensian or Cathar heresy 


D. Was murdered during the Investiture struggle by orders of the Emperor 


E.


Answer: A
The First Crusade 



A. Did not start after the initial Moslem conquest of Jerusalem, but four hundred years later, when the Turks defeated the Byzantines, causing some chaos in the Middle East 


B. Was entirely a movement of knights; the peasants refused to participate 


C. Succeeded because of the close cooperation between the Byzantines and the Crusaders 


D. Failed to take Jerusalem, thus occasioning the Second and Third Crusades 


E.


Answer: A
The Third Crusade 



A. Was led by peasants 


B. Failed to retake Jerusalem, which had been captured by the Kurdish Moslem leader, Saladin 


C. Was led by Charlemagne 


D. Ended the Investiture controversy 


E.


Answer: B
Ultimately the Crusades 



A. Permitted the Byzantine Empire to regain the power that it had prior to the Turkish invasion 


B. Destroyed Mecca, delivering a major blow to the Islamic world 


C. Failed in their purpose, with the last Crusader state conquered by the Moslems in 1291 


D. Established permanent Christian control over Jerusalem 


E.


Answer: C
Valdes of Lyon 



A. Was the leader of the Fifth Crusade 


B. Became pope Innocent III 


C. Was declared a heretic for criticizing the wealth of the medieval church 


D. Sided with Henry IV in the Investiture conflict 


E.


Answer: C
The Franciscans and the Dominicans 



A. Were medieval heretics who believed that the church should own no property 


B. Were orders of crusading knights 


C. Were orders of monks who followed the Clunaic reforms 


D. Were orders of mendicant friars who lived among the people rather than retire from society 


E.


Answer: D
The Waldensians and the Albigensians were 



A. Two major orders of crusading knights 


B. Two very different, but important sets of Medieval religious dissidents, or heretics 


C. The followers of the Pope in the Investiture crisis 


D. The followers of the Emperor in the Investiture crisis 


E.


Answer: B
The Medieval Inquisition 



A. Was established by the Holy Roman Empire as a result of the Investiture controversy 


B. Inquired about conditions in the Holy land from returning Crusaders 


C. Came about because it was then believed that incorrect religious views could threaten not only the salvation of the individual but also of the community 


D. Demonstrated decisively that the Albigensians were not heretics 


E.


Answer: C
The two-field system replaced the three-field system as the basis for medieval agriculture.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: B
The internal economic and agricultural expansion in the Middle Ages led to a more severe serfdom for the peasants.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: B
The medieval guilds controlled trade and manufacturing within the towns.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: A
During the period from the 11th to the 13th centuries two major areas of manufacturing and trade developed, in northern Italy and in Flanders.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: A
Gothic architects rejected the flying buttress as old-fashioned.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: B
Ramon Lull was one of the preachers of crusades against the Moslem world.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: B
Medieval universities prohibited the study of Arabic philosophers.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: B
Thomas Aquinas believed that faith and reason were quite compatible for a Christian.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: A
By medieval standards the castles, though very secure, were not comfortable.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: B
The ideals of chivalry were intended to tame the violent urges of the medieval nobility.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: A
Henry II of England was noted for his judicial reforms.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: A
The Magna Carta in England was intended to support the rights of the commonality against the nobility.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: B
Edward I started the process of creating the English Parliament by requiring that knights and towns, as well as nobles, attend.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: A
The government of Philip II of France suffered from a lack of local officials loyal to the king.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: B
Philip IV of France maintained peaceful relations with Edward I of England.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: B
During the reign of Otto I, the Holy Roman Empire collapsed.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: B
Although Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick II Hohenstaufen was more of an Italian then a German ruler.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: A
The Investiture controversy was the question of whether laymen or the papacy should confer the spiritual symbols of office on a new bishop.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: A
The great victory by the Seljuk Turks over the Byzantine Empire at Manzikert was an important background to the crusades.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: A
The Third Crusade ended with the defeat of Saladin and the recapture of Jerusalem by the crusaders.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: B
By the end of the Crusades, Islamic states were stronger than ever and the Byzantine Empire weaker than ever.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: A
Criticism of the wealth of the medieval church led to heresies such as those of the Franciscans and the Dominicans.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: B
The Cathar or Albigensian movement posited the existence of a principle or god of light and a principle of darkness engaged in an eternal struggle.



A. True


B. False


C. 


D. 


E.


Answer: A