In the years after World War I Both victors and vanquished enjoyed great prosperity with low inflation Democratic governments were established throughout all of Europe European colonial empires ended * The unresolved problems of the time helped lead to World War II In the immediate aftermath of World War I German reparations payments prevented any serious economic difficulties in Britain and France International trade was quickly reestablished The major currencies of the victorious powers retained most of their pre-World War I purchasing power * None of the above The German government established in the aftermath of World War I was known as the Third Reich Third Republic * Weimar Republic Holy Roman Empire Of the major the major countries after World War I, the one which suffered the worst inflation was Britain * Germany The United States France During the 1920's, Germany * Seemed to be prosperous and peaceful, joining the League of Nations and signing treaties with Belgium and France Adopted Hitler's ideas Restored its pre-World War I boundaries None of the above A leading institution for the development of modern architecture was the Bauhaus, located in Britain * Germany Italy France Eastern European countries in the 1920's Overcame their nationality problems For the most part became monarchies * For the most part became nationalistic dictatorships Usually became strong democracies The anti-liberal political ideology that arose in Italy after World War I was * Fascism Communism Nazism Utopianism After World War I, Italy Became a democratic republic Saw its monarchy replaced by the rule of the pope Became strongly Communist * Suffered from a weak economy and considerable political and social unrest The founder of Fascism was * Mussolini Cavour Victor Emmanuel Garibaldi Fascist Italy under Mussolini Saw greater economic opportunities for women Undertook a radical attack on the Catholic Church and the pope Saw labor exalted at the expense of employers * Was concerned more with the appearance of power than with political and economic reality After the Russian Revolution Lenin Voluntarily resigned his powers to Stalin * Permitted small-scale capitalism with the NEP (New Economic Policy) Undertook an invasion of Western Europe in the hope of establishing Communist regimes everywhere All of the above Before Stalin, the Soviet Union in the 1920's Emphasized traditional family life * In spite of its proclaimed equality, permitted Communist Party members, the military, and the intellectual elite to enjoy a higher standard of living Forced all peasants to work for the state None of the above After several years of political maneuvering, ________ emerged as the successor of Lenin * Stalin Trotsky Bukharin Rasputin The Five Year Plans were Mussolini's ideas for Italian agriculture development * Stalin's ideas for rapid increase of industrial production in the Soviet Union The means by which the United States ended the Great Depression Hitler's plans for German rearmament The collectivization of agriculture in the Soviet Union * Led to peasant resistance and a famine that took 4-6 million lives Was abandoned by Stalin because of its lack of success Was supported by the kulaks None of the above Stalin's Great Purge Was directed against the remaining supporters of the Tsar * Was directed especially against members of the Communist Party Resulted in Trotsky replacing Stalin All of the above The Great Depression Occurred after World War II Occurred only in the United States; Europe was spared serious economic problems Was caused by Stalin's five Year Plans * None of the above European and American governments during the Great Depression Did nothing, believing that all economic cycles should be permitted to run their natural course Tried to emulate Stalin's Five Year Plans * Usually tried the unsuccessful policy of balancing budgets and raising tariffs to protect domestic jobs Lowered tariffs to promote greater international trade The National Socialist German Workers' Party * Was, in spite of its name, not traditionally socialist nor did it appeal much to urban workers Was founded by Adolf Hitler Was a pre-World War I political party that collapsed in 1920 None of the above Which of the following was not a doctrine of the Nazi Party? Strong hatred of Jewish elements in German Society Undoing the "unjust" Treaty of Versailles * Making Germany a truly democratic state The exaltation of Germans as the great example of the "Aryan" race Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany Through the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923 * Because the Nazi Party had become the largest political party in Germany by 1930 Through secret help from Stalin, though Hitler later turned on him None of the above The appeal of the Nazi Party in Germany Was exclusively to the German working class Was based solely upon Nazi racism * Was surprisingly broad-to youth, displaced World War I veterans, and the lower middle class Was especially to German intellectuals As part of the effort to control Germany, the Nazi party did all of the following except Encourage women to become homemakers with large numbers of children Undertake persecution of Jews Organize spectacular political rallies, to present the image of Hitler as a heroic leader * Promote Jazz and modern art As part of his plans for military expansion, Hitler Developed a secret four-year plan for German rearmament Took Germany out of the League of Nations and the Geneva Disarmament Conference Abolished independent labor unions and created the Nazi Labor Front * All of the above The conflicts that led to World War II began outside of Europe with * The Japanese invasion of Manchuria The Chinese invasion of Japan The Korean War The Egyptian invasion of Israel The Civil War in Spain Ended with a victory for the Spanish Republic * Became in international war when Hitler and Mussolini sent men and equipment to aid Franco Was fought at the same time as the American Civil War All of the above Between 1936 and 1939 Hitler invaded or annexed all of the following areas except The Rhineland * Manchuria Austria Czechoslovakia The European country that was partially dismembered at the Munich conference was * Czechoslovakia Austria Poland Hungary Fear of another great war led Britain and France in 1938 To renew the Triple Entente * To appease Hitler at Munich, giving him part of Czechoslovakia To forge an effective alliance with the United States directed at Germany To declare that they would be neutral in any future war World War II started on September 1, 1939, with the German invasion of Austria Czechoslovakia * Poland Hungary The term blitzkrieg developed during World War II because New weapons were developed that cast fatal bolts of lightning at enemy troops Strategic bombing was directed at electric power plants * Germany developed tactics of air strikes and rapid penetration of opponents' lines with tanks All of the above France in World War II * Was overwhelmed by German forces early in the war, leaving Britain isolated Invaded Germany and occupied the Rhineland Proclaimed neutrality at the beginning of the war Easily repulsed Hitler's attacks World War II took a decisive turn in June, 1941, when Hitler invaded Rumania Yugoslavia * Russia France The text attributes Japan's military behavior in Asia especially As a response to attacks by the United States * To the domination of the Japanese government by ultranationalists and the military To Japanese response to Chinese aggression As a response by European attempts to reduce Japan to colonial status The most important target of Hitler's racist program were the * Jews French Dutch Slavs During World War II Auschwitz became famous as Hitler's headquarters for planning all of his major invasions The center for German research on atomic weapons The site a major battle that was the turning point of the war * The largest of the famous extermination camps Josip Broz (Tito) Was a Hungarian leader who collaborated with Hitler After World War II became a pro-Stalinist dictator in Romania * Led the breakup of Yugoslavia into separate republics in 1991 None of the above On the home front in World War II The United States increased its military production by 400% in two years Russia dismantled factories threatened by Germany invasion and rebuilt them elsewhere Germany relied on spoils from its conquests and labor conscripted there, not turning to full war mobilization until 1942 * All of the above Probably the greatest battle of World War II, leading to the total destruction of the German army engaged there, took place at * Stalingrad The Marne Pearl Harbor Verdun The famous D-Day invasion took place at Antwerp * Normandy El Alamein Sicily The Japanese city destroyed by the first atomic bomb was Tokyo Hong Kong * Hiroshima Leyte The middle class was the best able to adjust to the great European inflation that resulted from World War I. True * False The German regime that emerged after World War I is called the Weimar Republic. * True False German post-World War I reparations payments to France were increased by the Dawes Plan. True * False The Locarno Agreements of 1925 guaranteed the existing boundaries of France and Belgium with Germany. * True False The new countries that emerged in Eastern Europe after World War I usually had democratic governments. True * False Mussolini started his political career as a socialist. * True False The early Fascist movement in Italy appealed to factory workers. True * False Lenin intended that the NEP be the capstone of communism. True * False At the death of Lenin, most outside observers concluded that Stalin would be his successor. True * False A major purpose of Stalin's collectivization of agriculture was to use the agricultural surpluses to finance the Five Year Plan's industrialization. * True False In Stalin's Russia, women were generally kept subordinate to men, in spite of an official legal sexual equality. * True False In the great purges of the 1930s in the Soviet Union, most of the victims were former capitalists. True * False By the end of the 1930s the Soviet Union was the third largest industrial power in the world. * True False Hitler blamed Jews and Marxists for the German defeat in World War I. * True False Hitler's "Beer Hall Putsch" destroyed the Weimar government in Germany. True * False The Great Depression helped propel the Nazis from a fringe group to a major party in Germany. True * False The Nuremberg Laws deprived German Jews of their citizenship. * True False Japan invaded China only after Hitler launched World War II in Europe. True * False The Spanish Civil War led to a long dictatorship under Francisco Franco. * True False The British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain, opposed the appeasement of Hitler at Munich. True * False Just prior to his invasion of Poland, Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union. * True False Stalin ordered an attack on Germany in June, 1941. True * False By January 1, 1942, it seemed that Japan and Germany were winning World War II. * True False The largest of the German death camps was Auschwitz. * True False There is good evidence that a considerable number of Germans knew what was going on in the death camps. * True False In Yugoslavia, Tito not only fought the Germans, but also other Yugoslav resistance movements. * True False Germany came very close to winning World War II because of their crushing defeat of Russia at Stalingrad. True * False The major British and American assault on Germany in World War II really began with the invasion of Norway in 1942. True * False The first city to be destroyed by an atomic bomb was Hiroshima. * True False