The Industrial Revolution Was the revolt of factory workers against factory owners Was an alternate name for the French Revolution Was the successful revolt by factory workers, factory owners, and the middle class against a dominating aristocracy * Was the transformation of the European economy by the development of large factories based on new technologies Before the process known as the Industrial Revolution, all of the following were true except Iron was generally forged at the edge of forests * More than half the British population lived in cities Steam engines, though existing, were inefficient Cloth was woven with only simple tools The country that first underwent modern industrialization was * Britain Spain The United States Germany British advantages over continental European countries during the early Industrial Revolution included Good water transportation Major supplies of coal and iron ore The ability to mobilize capital for industrial development * All of the above During the 18th and early 19th Centuries, China Underwent its own industrial revolution, similar to that of Britain Established close diplomatic relations with France * Rebuffed British attempts to establish better diplomatic and economic relations Underwent a violent revolution similar to the French Revolution The Agricultural Revolution in Britain Had nothing to do with industrialization * Resulted in fewer people producing more food, so that surplus labor could work in the factories Resulted in the domination of British politics by the House of Commons None of the above The cloth industry was one of the first affected by the Industrial Revolution. Which of the following cloth productions was transformed the most? Silk Linen * Cotton Wool Which of the following was not one of the important early inventors during the Industrial Revolution? Eli Whitney James Hargreaves * Oliver Cromwell Richard Arkwright The early Industrial Revolution affected both the cloth industry and the metal industry. Which of the following was the chief metal of the Industrial Revolution? * Iron Copper Bronze Gold Prior to the Industrial Revolution, the British iron industry was small because Of competition from the United States * Limited supplies of charcoal for smelting because of the shrinking areas of woodland A lack of entrepreneurial imagination that prevented the erection of large iron works None of the above The advent of the steam engine did all of the following except * Lead to much higher wages for workers in British factories Pump water out of coal mines, increasing coal production Permit entrepreneurs to locate factories away from water power sites Power such diverse things as iron forges, grain mills, and textile power looms Railroads in Britain Started in the 18th century Failed to have much effect on British cities Were originally forbidden by a Parliament controlled by aristocratic rural interests * Put together many of the trends of the Industrial Revolution, especially iron, coal, and steam. The Crystal Palace Was the magnificent new home for Queen Victoria Became the new location for the meetings of the British Parliament in the 19th century * Was a glass and iron building that exhibited the latest products of the Industrial Revolution None of the above Industrialization of continental Europe Started well before industrialization in Britain * Started first in Belgium, Northeastern France, and northern Germany Was strongly opposed by conservative continental governments Was strongest in southeastern and central Europe The early Industrial Revolution in Britain and the continent resulted in A major decline in population * The tripling of the British gross national product The destruction of the middle class in Europe None of the above The social structure of Europe in the 19th century during the period of industrialization was altered by * The growing prosperity of the middle classes and the growth of an industrial working class The growth of the peasant class because of the population increase The collapse of the urban working class because of the growth of cottage industry The continuing growth of the landed aristocracy The British working class in the early Industrial Revolution * Often worked sixteen hours a day, six days a week Worked for very low wages but had good job security Often earned less than their agricultural counterparts All of the above Life for industrial workers in early industrial Britain was marked by Insecurity because of low wages and the threat of unemployment Risk of injury because of lack of factory safety The need for workers to follow the pace of machinery rather than set their own working pace * All of the above The early English industrial working class Merged with the middle class Did not form workers' organizations * Sometimes destroyed machinery that they believed threatened their jobs None of the above All of the following can be said of early 19th century cities except * That few rural people migrated to the cities, leading to massive rural overpopulation Some cities, especially in Britain, grew up where no city or only a small town had existed before There was important city growth in places not touched by growing industrialization, such as Naples, St. Petersburg, and Vienna London and Paris grew so large that suburban communities developed Cities in early 19th century Europe Were smaller than their 18th century counterparts * Were plagued with rising crime rates Were surprisingly clean and healthy Had no real slums to speak of The major epidemic disease of the early 19th century was * Cholera AIDS Bubonic plague Influenza Before the discovery of bacteria doctors often believed that disease was caused by Divine punishment for human sins Excessive devotion to an all bread and cereal diet * "Miasma"--the idea that fumes given off by human waste, rotting vegetables, and stagnant ponds were unhealthy None of the above Public health began to improve in the early 19th century because of all of the following except Edward Jenner developed smallpox vaccine * The "Miasma" theory of disease triumphed among both doctors and the public Edwin Chadwick's campaign for improved public sanitation succeeded Doctors began thorough physical examination of patients instead of relying on the patients' description of their symptoms The new industrial world changed the role of middle class women because Paid employees did much of the business work once done by the middle class wife Middle class women began to have more servants to lighten their domestic tasks that they had also performed in addition to their business duties Middle class women began to pay more personal attention to the rearing of their children * All of the above The growing differentiation in the 19th century between men's and women's spheres of activity Led to men forcing women to be confined to the houses, derived of any chance at public activity Led to a decline in the numbers of servants, forcing middle class women to do more of the housework Meant that men exclusively determined all aspects of a family's social life * Ironically gave women more power and influence in religious, social, and cultural matters, because these things were part of their sphere The Cadbury family, discussed in the text, benefited from the Industrial Revolution in the following way They started already in the middle class, their ancestors being Quaker shopkeepers in Western England The wealth of the family started with a coffee and tea store that expanded into a cocoa and chocolate manufacturing firm They purchased a London newspaper to express their liberal political views * All of the above Working class women in the early 19th century Continued to act as if they were still in the world of cottage industry * Often had to work in factories, neglecting their children, to the dismay of middle class critics Rejected prostitution as a means of economic survival None of the above Overall the Industrial Revolution Saw important technological changes but few changes in society Saw few technological changes but many changes in society * Saw major changes in both technology and society Saw few changes in either technology or society By the mid-18th century, the majority of the British people already lived in cities. True * False Britain became the first country to undergo modern industrialization in spite of the fact that France had more total wealth and that Holland had equal or superior agriculture and banking. * True False One of the most important developments of the early British Industrial Revolution was the great expansion of the wool cloth industry. True * False A great advantage of the steam engine was that it permitted manufacturing to move away from the sources of water power to sites where large factories could be constructed. * True False The Industrial Revolution led to a decreasing demand for coal. True * False With their use of coal, iron, and steam, railroads could be said to unite many of the major trends of the Industrial Revolution. * True False The great Crystal Palace exposition of 1851 was a triumph for British engineering, although the building itself was widely felt to be an architectural failure. True * False The first areas on the continent of Europe to undergo Britain's industrialization were Holland, north Germany, and central Italy. True * False Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo argued that European population growth would spur a booming economy in the next several decades. True * False Factory owners often preferred to employ women and children because they could be paid lower wages than men performing the same tasks. * True False Living conditions for persons who left rural villages for factory work in early 19th century Britain clearly took a turn for the worse. * True False Labor leaders from skilled trades tended to look down on unskilled workers. * True False Early English industrial workers usually liked the new machinery because they believed that greater production meant greater wages. True * False Although established to reduce crime committed by the lower classes, Robert Peel's uniformed policemen (Bobbies) were accepted by the lower classes because they were not engaged in domestic espionage and were seen as a defense against all disorder. * True False Early 19th century doctors, after long debates, finally concluded that irresponsible lifestyles, rather than environmental forces, were primarily responsible for the great epidemics that periodically swept through the industrial cities. True * False Medical treatment of disease in the early 19th century were often dangerous for the patient, bleeding them, purging their bowels of "bad humors," and prescribing addictive drugs. * True False In marriage and child rearing, 19th century middle class families emphasized material comfort rather than emotional ties. True * False In spite of the general 19th century belief that a woman's sphere was truly domestic, it was usually possible for respectable women to engage in such activities outside the home as philanthropic work, religious activity, and some cultural events. * True False 19th century women who succeeded as painters and authors generally met with public approval. * True False The fortunes of the Cadbury family declined when its chocolate business failed. True * False The working patterns of lower class women were about the same as the working patterns of middle class women during the Industrial Revolution True * False