The bulk of the tribes that invaded the Roman Empire after 400 A.D. were Turkish Slavic Mongolian * German The Roman historian Tacitus * Wrote his book on Germany to urge Romans to adopt more virtuous customs Wrote a history of his captivity by the Germans Denounced German men for oppressing German women None of the above The society of early Germans Was led by strong kings with virtually dictatorial powers Was very nomadic with wars occurring only when tribes were wandering * Was often very warlike and occasionally nomadic None of the above Of the societies studied in the first five chapters, Germanic society had the most parallels with The urban society of Sumer * The heroic society described in Homer's epics The monumental society of Egypt The republican society of Rome The tribe whose movement seems to have triggered the invasion of the Roman Empire was the Ostrogoths * Huns Franks Vandals All of the following were true of the Roman Empire in the era of invasion except Germanic tribes were often permitted to settle in Roman lands as federates Many of the invaders were Christian, though of the Arian variety * Britain was able to hold out against the Germanic invaders The empire lost the rich and productive North African lands to the Vandals, who once lived in Eastern Europe Historians have often criticized the concept of the "Fall" of Rome because The eastern half of the Empire did not collapse but remained strong for several centuries The concept of "Transformation" fits the evidence better The Germans themselves were transformed, both in their languages and in their religious beliefs * All of the above The popes began to claim spiritual authority over the Christian church because * Some New Testament texts could be cited in support of this idea The Germanic invasions were so destructive that for a time the bishop of Rome was the only bishop remaining in the west Constantine, when he moved to Constantinople, left the government of Rome in the hands of its bishop None of the above Pope Gregory the Great enhanced the position of the papacy by doing all of the following except * Formally ending the Arian heresy through his theological arguments Taking over the day to day administration of the city of Rome Sending missionaries to begin the conversion of Anglo-Saxon England Negotiating a truce with the Lombards to prevent a sack of Rome The founder of Western Christian monasticism that had great influence on the Middle Ages was Patrick of Ireland * Benedict of Nursia Augustine Gregory the Great The monastic movement founded by Benedict of Nursia Encouraged fasting and asceticism among the monks Permitted abbots to exercise authority over bishops * Established through its rule a balanced daily regime of work and prayer Rejected education as unnecessary for salvation The most famous of the Merovingian kings of France was * Clovis Theodoric Odovacar Pepin The Merovingian kings of France Were converted to Roman rather than to Arian Christianity Were brutal, murdering warriors in spite of their Christianity Lost their real power to "Mayors of the Palace" * All of the above Theodoric was king of the Visigoths * Ostrogoths Franks Vandals Which of the following is not true about the Ostrogothic kingdom? It had the most vigorous intellectual life of the Germanic successor states, with philosophers, historians, and the development of the BC/AD system of counting years It was short lived, falling into disarray after the death of its great ruler, Theoderic * It rulers briefly united the entire Roman Empire It shared a weakness with several other Germanic states because its people were Arian rather than Roman Christians After numerous wanderings, the Germanic Visigoths, who had started in Eastern Europe, settled in North Africa Italy France * Spain The Visigothic kingdom in Spain Was destroyed by the expansion of Islam Was noted for its political instability Was noted for its anti-Semitism * All of the above The Byzantine Empire Was founded by Justinian Ended when its capital, Constantinople, was sacked by the Visigoths * Was an eastern continuation of the Roman Empire None of the above The Byzantine emperor Justinian * Undertook a major codification of laws that has influenced law to the present Was overthrown in the Nika revolt Tore down the Hagia Sophia because it was a center of heresy All of the above Justinian's efforts to reconquer the western Mediterranean Led to the complete restoration of the Roman Empire throughout the Mediterranean * Led to the reconquest of North Africa and a temporary reconquest of Italy Failed because he was defeated by the Ostrogothic queen, Theodora None of the above The capital of the Byzantine Empire was Mecca Rome Alexandria * Constantinople To defend the empire, Byzantine rulers did all of the following except Divide the empire into themes, or military districts, raising local troops to defend each province Develop a new weapon, Greek fire, for naval combat * Prefer to use force rather than diplomacy to solve international relations Maintain a strong armored cavalry as the backbone of its army Unlike the imperial government in Rome, the imperial government in Constantinople Banned chariot races * Used eunuchs in both civil and church administration Forbade luxurious display Continued Diocletian's persecution of Christians Cyril and Methodius * Converted many of the Slavic tribes to Christianity Were the first great rulers of Kievan Russia Were the originators of the iconoclast controversy in Byzantium Were responsible for the schism of 1054 between the Latin and the Greek churches In what important way did the Byzantine world and the West separate themselves from each other? The language of Byzantium was Latin, but the language of the west was Greek The Byzantine world adopted Arian Christianity. * The west rejected the iconoclastic religious ideas of the Emperor Leo III, leading to long-lasting religious disputes None of the above The Kievan Rus * Converted to Eastern Christianity under its ruler Vladimir Converted to Latin Christianity as a deliberate snub to Byzantium Was also known as the kingdom of the Bulgars None of the above Before Muhammad Camels were unknown in Arabia * Mecca was already an important trading city with connections to Egypt Most of the Arabian peninsula was controlled by Persia The Bedouin tribes had accepted Christianity Muhammad declared that he was * The proper prophet of God, rescuing the divine message from Christian and Jewish distortions The founder of an entirely new religion An angel sent from God None of the above During his lifetime, Muhammad Destroyed Mecca because it would not accept him as the prophet of God * Spread his religious beliefs to the Bedouin tribes from his headquarters in Medina Rejected the Julian Calendar in favor of the Gregorian calendar Made Jerusalem the center of the Islamic faith Which of the following is not one of the Pillars of Islam? The pilgrimage to Mecca Prayer five times a day * A long guided study of Islamic theology before one could become a Moslem Fasting during the Islamic month of Ramadan and almsgiving The Islamic conquests succeeded in part because The unification of the Arabian peninsula created an effective fighting force Of the willingness of dissident Christians to prefer Moslem rule in place of Byzantine rule Of the Moslem belief that the faith can be spread through military conquest * All of the above The Islamic world created a unified culture in the areas of conquest for all of the following reasons except * The elimination of all non-Islamic religions The spread of Arabic as the language of rule and commerce as well as religion The uniform enforcement of laws based on the Qur'an and the traditions attributed to the Prophet A vigorous trade network that stretched from the Mediterranean to India Choose the correct statement about daily life in the Islamic world The Syrian Christian practice of women wearing veils was discarded A great part of its commerce was the export of fine wines to both Europe and China * Moslem men were limited to four wives Slavery was nonexistent in the Islamic world Avicenna (Ibn Sina) was The first caliph, or successor to Muhammad * The author of a medical text that became standard both in the Islamic and Western worlds for six centuries The leader of the Shi'ites after the assassination of Ali The greatest of all Arab mathematicians A major political question that divided Moslems after the death of the Prophet was Whether toleration should be extended to Christians and Jews Whether the political capital should be in Mecca, which had ceased to be the political center of the Islamic world Whether commercial trade with non-Moslems should be permitted * Whether the caliphate should belong to the descendants of the Prophet and Ali, his son in law The Shi'ites Are the majority sect among Moslems * Believe that the right to govern the Islamic world belongs to the descendants of Ali, the son in law of the Prophet Overthrew the Abassids Erected their capital in Damascus The Abbasid caliphate Overthrew the Umayyads, claiming that it would restore spiritual authority to the Caliphate Moved the capital to Baghdad, which gave Islam a more Persian cultural flavor Never controlled the entire Islamic world, and gradually lost its political dominance * All of the above According to the text, the two greatest scientific advances in the Islamic world were in * Mathematics and medicine Medicine and physics Chemistry and mathematics Biology and chemistry Tacitus, the Roman historian, wrote a book denouncing the customs and morals of the Germans. True * False The early Germanic tribes glorified warfare, raiding, and plundering. * True False The movement of the Huns, an Asian rather than a Germanic people, seems to have been the trigger for the Germanic invasions of the Roman Empire. * True False The "fall" of Rome occurred in such a manner that many contemporaries did not believe that Rome had "fallen." * True False The early pope who, according to the text, dramatically forwarded the case for papal supremacy was Leo I. True * False The monastic system of Benedict of Nursia emphasized fasting and other ascetic activities. True * False The Merovingian dynasty in France was overthrown by Pepin the Short, with the approval of the pope. * True False Theodoric, the king of the Ostrogoths in Italy, persecuted Roman Christians because of his Arian beliefs. True * False The Visigothic kingdom in Spain was disfigured by antisemitism. * True False The capital of the Byzantine Empire was Athens. True * False Justinian's greatest achievement may have been his Corpus Juris Civilis, which has influenced western legal codes down to the present. * True False Justinian was unable to drive the Vandals out of North Africa. True * False The popes supported the Byzantine emperor in the iconoclast controversy. True * False The Russians converted to Latin rather than Greek Christianity. True * False Muhammad was born into a wandering Arab Bedouin tribe. True * False The 114 revelations which according to Islamic tradition were given by God to Muhammad are known as the Qur'an. * True False The successors of Muhammad were styled caliphs. * True False Dissident Christians in the Byzantine Empire often preferred Moslem to Byzantine rule. * True False The Islamic world was noted for its cultural diversity. True * False Those who believe that the caliph should be chosen from among the family of the Prophet are called Sunnites. True * False Avicenna (Ibn Sina) had a reputation both in the Islamic and the western worlds as the author of a standard text on history. True * False The famous "Arabic" numbers were borrowed by Islamic mathematicians from India. * True False