SOC 205 Telecourse Exam 2 - Winter 2006


1. Which of the following was NOT one of the benefits workers experienced as a result of the unionization of the steel industry?
 Grievance officers that defended you if you were disciplined or fired, and a right to due process in disciplinary matters
 A common pay scale and scheduled increases in hourly wages
 Health benefits
 Overtime pay
 None of the above, since ALL were benefits of such unionization.
 

2. Which quintile experienced the largest increase in their income between 1975 and 2000 in the U.S.?
 Top (richest) 20%
 Second 20%
 Middle 20%
 Fourth 20%
 Bottom (poorest) 20%
 

3. The richest one percent of the population in the U.S. owns approximately --------------- percent of the total wealth in the country.
 5
 17
 23
 40
 56
 

4. Educational --------------- refers to the number of years of school completed, while educational --------------- refers to having learned actual skills, such as reading, writing, and computational skills.
 attainment/achievement
 achievement/attainment
 accomplishment/capital
 attainment/growth
 

5. Which of the following is NOT one of the five most prestigious occupations, as found in surveys.
 Physicians
 Lawyers
 College Professors
 Sociologists
 Architects
 

6. According to Thomas Jefferson's view of the ideal society, most families would
 do some factory work and some farming
 run their own farms or small businesses
 earn wages by working for small businessmen
 farm in the warm months and do piecework in their homes in the cold months
 

7. One of the key effects of the Great Depression on how people in the U.S. viewed social inequality was
 it made people realize that a significant percentage of the population was simply lazy, and needed to be made to work if the U.S. was to work its way out of the Depression
 racial conflict grew, leading to a backlash against minorities and forced emigration of foreigners
 many people began to see heightened conflict between capitalists and workers, which led to reform measures such as the Social Security Act being enacted to stave off demands for more radical changes
 many people realized industrial capitalism couldn't work, which led to government efforts to discourage industrialization, and encourage millions of people to return to life on the farm
 

8. The Lynds' studies of Middletown (Muncie, IN) in the 1920s and after the Great Depression showed
 declining inequality between classes and a growing middle class
 some class inequality but very friendly relations between classes
 growing inequality and hostility between classes as a result of the Great Depression
 a town dominated by a single wealthy family, but who used their wealth for the benefit of the entire town
 

9. Which of the following is NOT one of the classes that Warner found in his mid-20th century study of the class structure of Yankee City?
 An upper-upper class, comprised of 'old families' who had been wealthy for generations
 A lower-upper class, comprised of the new rich
 An upper-middle-class, comprised of storekeepers and professionals
 An upper-lower class, comprised of semi and unskilled workers
 An underclass, comprised of descendents of whalers, living off what little was left of their inheritances
 

10. Drake and Cayton's study of inequality in Chicago found that Blacks were concentrated in ghettos and living in poverty mainly because of
 residential segregation
 occupational segregation
 a culture of poverty, with many Blacks unwilling to take advantage of the opportunities that other ethnic groups had
 All of the above
 Both A and B
 

11. Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of 'post-industrial society', as seen by proponents of this concept?
 A shift of agricultural workers to the manufacturing sector.
 A blurring of class lines, with fewer people working in factories, and more people working in offices and living in suburbs
 A growth in the percentage of workers in service industries
 Increased importance of education and technical skills
 

12. According to Daniel Bell, post-industrialization
 further separating social classes
 blurring the differnces between social classes
 has little or no impact on social classes
 threatens to undermine the power of the upper class
 

13. Measuring class awareness by asking people which social class they think they are in is called the --------------- method of measuring class position.
 relational
 objective
 subjective
 empirical
 

14. Which of the following is FALSE?
 A child born into a working class or poor family is more likely to be premature or have low birth weight.
 A child born into the upper class is more likely to be educated in private schools.
 Members of the working class and the poor vote disproportionately for Republican candidates.
 Members of the working class and the poor are more likely to vote for candidates who propose measures to increase equal opportunity.
 

15. Domhoff argues that the segregation of upper-class adolescents in prep schools
 causes intense rivalries later in life, thus preparing them for the capitalist system.
 results in psychological problems when they have families and are forced to interact with spouses and children.
 means that as adults they will be more capable of effective interaction than members of the middle or working class are.
 serves the purpose of limiting dating and marriage opportunities to members of the same class, thus promoting endogamy.
 

16. Which of the following is NOT true of the upper classes?
 They are comprised of two main groups: the most prestigious 'high society' rich, and the newly rich
 According to Mills and Domhoff, the upper class is a ruling class, virtually monopolizing power in the U.S.
 They tend to send their children to exclusive, private schools, live in secluded communities, and maintain memberships in exclusive social clubs.
 None of the above, since ALL are true.
 

17. Which of the following is NOT true of the middle class?
 Its members tend to be employed in nonmanual occupations
 Its comprised heavily of teachers, middle and lower-level office managers and clerical employees, and government bureaucrats
 People in the middle class disproportionately live in urban areas
 At least until recently, many members attained middle class status via a college education
 

18. What percentage of whites in the U.S. identify themselves as members of the working class?
 6
 16
 26
 44
 56
 

19. Kornblum argues that the racial animosity that some white workers feel toward black and Latino workers is due to
 lack of education
 competition for jobs
 ignorance
 low self esteem
 

20. Which of the following is NOT true of the poor?
 Only a small percentage of the poor work.
 The vast majority of poor people in the U.S. live in central cities.
 About 7% of people in the U.S. define themselves as 'poor' on surveys.
 Approximately 15% percent of people would be classified as poor using official definitions of poverty.
 Both A and B (that is, both A and B are NOT true).
 

21. Kornblum argues that one of the chief causes of poverty is
 welfare dependency
 lack of education
 laziness
 people who are working full-time are not being paid wages that give them enough income to raise them above the poverty line
 

22. Which of the following is NOT one of the effects that corporatization of farming has on rural communities?
 Declining populations
 Fewer local businesses and civil associations
 Higher poverty rates
 Rural residents being displaced from the land
 None of the above, since ALL are effects of corporatization of farming.
 

23. Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Welfare Reform Congress passed in 1996?
 Most families can not receive benefits for more than five years
 As a result of the changes, the percentage of women on welfare has fallen significantly
 Many people who have left welfare for jobs could only find jobs with high unemployment risks and low pay
 Children of welfare recipients who find jobs are more likely to receive inadequate supervision at home
 None of the above, since ALL are true
 

24. Which of the following is NOT one of the 'functions of poverty' listed by Herbert Gans?
 The poor subsidize a variety of economic activities, such as domestic work, benefiting the affluent.
 The poor ensure that the society's dirty work will be done.
 The poor obstruct politicians' ambitions for power and influence.
 The poor uphold the legitimacy of conventional norms because they can be identified as alleged or real deviants.
 

25. In the video, what term did C. Wright Mills use to refer to those people who hold great wealth and power in the U.S.?
 ruling class
 fat cats
 power elite
 super powers
 

26. According to the video, one of the characteristics of the upper class is that
 their power is earned.
 their positions and wealth are often inherited.
 education was the key to their success.
 they tend to give most of their money away to charity and other philanthropic causes.
 

27. Sociologists use the term 'sex' to refer
 the cultural differences between men and women.
 the biological differences between males and females.
 a sexual interaction.
 None of the above
 

28. Gender stratification refers to
 mixing of the genders in social situations.
 changes in gender roles over a long period of time.
 patterns of inequality created from differing roles of men and women.
 measurement of role performance in a society with a complex division of labor.
 

29. Sets of behavior considered appropriate for individuals of a particular gender are called
 sex roles
 gender roles
 gender identities
 sexual roles
 

30. Which of the following best illustrates the way gender stratification is reflected in women's participation in the professions?
 By 1956 women had reached numerical parity with men in the professions.
 By 1986 the weekly earnings of professional women were more or less equal to earnings of men.
 Women's incomes have not matched men's; women's participation in the professions is more or less equal to that of men.
 Men and women are not yet equal, at least in terms of earnings, prestige, and power.
 

31. According to Kornblum, in which of the following type of society did gender inequality originate?
 Feudal
 Post-industrial
 Industrial
 Pre-industrial
 Hunting and gathering
 

32. Margaret Mead's research findings that different tribes had different ways of organizing male and female behavior led her to conclude that
 gender roles are innate (i.e., rooted in human nature).
 gender roles are socially, not biologically, determined.
 gender is innate, but culture can overrule biological tendencies
 culture may play a role in determining gender roles, but biology wins out in the end.
 

33. Which of the following is NOT a true statement? Research shows that
 increasing numbers of women are joining the labor force.
 women are competing for jobs and careers.
 women and men receive equal salaries for equal jobs.
 men tend to move into higher-paying jobs.
 

34. An ideology that justifies prejudice or discrimination based on sex is the definition for
 dominant ideology.
 sexual discrimination syndrome.
 sexism.
 ideological sexuality.
 

35. Societies in which men hold leadership roles in the major institutions of government, the economy, and religion are called
 matriarchal.
 patrilocal.
 matrilocal.
 patriarchal.
 

36. Gender separation theory
 believes that the only way to create gender equality is to separate women and men
 argues there are key that differences between the genders, which are rooted in how children are separated by gender and treated in different ways
 argues that there are fundamental biological differences that separate the genders
 none of the above
 

37. Which of the following is NOT one of the universal cultural norms about sexuality?
 virginal marriage
 incest taboo
 marriage
 homosexuality
 

38. According to NORC's research on sexual practices,
 men and women have nearly identical sexual desires and practices
 men's and women's sexual desires are completely different
 men and women have similiar sexual desires, but do have key differences, such as men's greater interest in group sex and sex with a stranger
 women are much more interested in a variety of sexual practices, while men tend to favor a few specific practices
 

39. NORC's research found that approximately --------------- % of men said they were exclusively homosexual.
 1
 4
 7
 10
 

40. According to NORC's research on homosexual and bisexual desires and behaviors,
 men tend to report a slightly higher level of homosexual desires and sexual activity than women
 women tend to report a higher level of homosexual desires and sexual activity than men
 men and women tend to report equal levels of homosexual desires and sexual activity
 it is impossible to know whether men and women have higher levels of interest in homosexual activity because people simply refuse to discuss the subject with survey researchers
 

41. According to Kornblum, most explanations of homophobia point to
 the Oedipal crisis
 acculturation
 issues surrounding masculinity and the male role
 the incest taboo
 

42. Which of the following is NOT one of the top two occupations most dominated by women today?
 Private household (a.k.a. homemaker)
 Administrative support
 Sales
 

43. Which of the following countries has the highest ratio of women's to men's poverty rates?
 Sweden
 Italy
 Canada
 Australia
 the United States
 

44. What percent of women in the U.S. today consider themselves employees (i.e., are either working or looking for work)?
 25
 35
 50
 60
 70
 

45. In the emergence of the women's movement in the 1960s, women that were experiencing sexism within other social movements they were active in, began to form small groups to question their treatment and support each other. The groups they formed were called
 anti-sexist groups
 equal rights groups
 consciousness-raising groups
 the 'bra-burners'
 

46. The 'empowerment approach' to reducing gender inequality in less developed countries seeks to reduce inequality by 
 helping women assert their needs and fully participate in the institutions of their societies and within their families and other aspects of their personal lives
 replace patriarchy with matriarchy
 increase the power of women while they remain in traditional gender roles
 All of the above
 

47. According to the text and video, World War II
 represented a major set-back for women's equality because it reaffirmed traditional gender roles
 represented a major advance for women's equality because it broke down traditional gender roles
 had little effect on gender roles or women's equality; because people were too busy fighting the war to care one way or the other about gender issues
 was the last time in the U.S. that women could legally be treated subordinately to men
 

48. Patriarchy refers to
 monogamous families
 the practice of tracing one's heritage through one's male ancestors
 father (or male) rule
 a patriotic family structure
 

49. According to the video, studies of gender socialization in school show that -------------- get more attention from teachers, and -------------- get more feedback on their work.
 boys/girls
 girls/boys
 girls/girls
 boys/boys
 

50. According to the video, gender socialization begins with the
 media
 schools
 religious institutions (e.g. churches, mosques, etc)
 family
 

Test Pilot (4.4.3) is Copyright (c)2003, The McGraw Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved.
