Eitzen and Zinn argue that the view that the family is in trouble because of the decline in 'family values' and that the decline of the two-parent family is responsible for our worst social problems ignores the ---------- reasons for changes in the family.
A. cultural
B. personal
C. structural
D. moral
E. religious
ANSWER: 

Which of the following is NOT part of what Eitzen and Zinn call the 'mythical' view of the family?
A. The family used to be stable and harmonious
B. The family is the haven in a heartless world
C. Most families fit the same traditional form
D. Patriarchal families are a main source of gender inequality
E. Family breakdown is the cause of many social problems
ANSWER: 

Eitzen and Zinn argue that --------- is the most important determinant of family life.
A. education
B. religion
C. class
D. race and ethnicity
E. morality
ANSWER: 

Families vary with social conditions, and the -------- pattern is a distinctly white middle-class phenomenon.
A. breadwinner-homemaker
B. single-parent
C. androgynous parenting
D. two income/dual career
ANSWER: 

The ------------- family has emerged as a new family form because economic uncertainty and domestic upheavals required innovative ways to cope.
A. modern
B. postmodern
C. traditional
D. meta-modern
ANSWER: 

Social scientists have concluded that --------- benefit more from marriage than do.
A. men / women
B. women / men
C. gays / straights
D. suburban families / urban families
ANSWER: 

The family structure has changed so much that in 1997 ------------ of households conformed to the traditional model.
A. less than 20%
B. about 35%
C. about 50%
D. more than 2/3 (67%)
ANSWER: 

The most important resource in determining the balance of marital power between husband and wife is (are)
A. character.
B. family values.
C. education.
D. control over economic resources.
ANSWER: 

--------- of first marriages end in divorce.
A. Around one-third
B. Around half
C. Over 75%
D. Almost 90%
ANSWER: 

Which of the following is FALSE?
A. The younger the age at marriage of partners, the greater the likelihood of divorce.
B. The lower the education for males, the higher the rate of divorce.
C. African-Americans have higher rates of divorce than Latinos and Whites
D. Jews have the highest rate of divorce, followed by Protestants and then Catholics
ANSWER: 

Which of the following is NOT one of the sources of family violence, as explained by Eitzen and Zinn?
A. The rise of postmodern families
B. Unequal power in the family
C. Family life is all encompassing, promoting stress and creating numerous interactions that disputes can develop over
D. The norm of family privacy prevents outside intervention and keeps victims from seeking help
ANSWER: 

According to order theorists, the so-called traditional or modern family, with a working father and a stay at home mother
A. is the key source of gender inequality and struggle
B. is beneficial to both men and women, and functional for the society as a whole
C. is functional for women, since they didn't have to leave the 'haven in the heartless world', but dysfunctional for men since they had to go out and struggle in a competitive, dog-eat-dog world
D. originated in hunting and gathering societies, when women used their powers over reproduction to force men into becoming their economic supporters
ANSWER: 

Which of the following is NOT consistent with the conflict perspective of the family?
A. The family serves the requirements of capitalism by producing both workers and consumers
B. The family serves the requirements of capitalism by idealizing the realm of the personal
C. The family is rooted in the social relations of power, not a private relationship of love
D. The nuclear family has positive consequences for capitalism, but can be negative for individuals
E. None of the above, since ALL are consistent with the conflict perspective
ANSWER: 

Which of the following is NOT consistent with Marx and Engels' explanation of the patriarchal family?
A. It originated soon after the emergence of classes, in pastoral and agricultural societies
B. It emerged to enforce monogamy on women so that men could know who their children were
C. It has been changing in recent decades due to capitalists' desires for a new, exploitable labor force, capable of replacing male workers and/or reducing male wages
D. It has become less patriarchal recently, primarily because of women's desires for gender equality
ANSWER: 

In the 1970s, most feminists and supporters of gays and lesbians
A. were leaders of movements against traditional forms of marriage and family
B. were pro-family and sought only minor changes within the family
C. fought for the rights of gay marriage
D. fought for the rights of gays and lesbians to parent children
ANSWER: 

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that some progressive gays and lesbians like Judith Stacey originally opposed seeking legalization of gay and lesbian marriages? 'Gay and lesbian marriage
A. emphasizes monogamy and conservative, patriarchal relationships'
B. undermines efforts to degender marriage'
C. undermines efforts to separate the economic and emotional/sexual elements of marriage'
D. threatens to legitimize relationships that gays and lesbians would prefer remain illegitimate'
ANSWER: 

According to Arlie Hochschild, home life has become like --------, while --------- has become like home life.
A. work / work
B. school / school
C. church / church
D. sports / sports

18. According to Eitzen and Zinn, the formal education system in the U.S. has a definite ------------ bias.
A. conservative
B. liberal
C. radical
D. libertarian
ANSWER: 

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that schools reproduce social inequality.
A. Unequal financing of schools
B. Educational curriculum is oriented toward the middle and upper class
C. Geographical segregation of schools leads children of the working class and poor to receive very different educations
D. Compulsory education
E. Tracking
ANSWER: 

Perhaps the main reason that schools receive unequal funding is
A. school authorities have unequal grant-writing abilities
B. the federal government gives more money to some school districts than it does to others
C. schools receive most of their funding from local property taxes, which vary greatly
D. schools receive most of their funding from state tax revenues, which vary greatly
ANSWER: 

Eitzen and Zinn argue that ------------- define(s) how excellence in schooling is measured.
A. the government
B. teachers
C. school administrations
D. the upper class
ANSWER: 

Eitzen and Zinn are critical of the promotion of 'local control' of education because it leads to all BUT which of the following?
A. Unequal funding for education
B. Taxpayer revolts, which can undermine educational funding
C. A standardized curriculum
D. Control of schools is dominated by business and professional sectors, and underrepresents blue-collar workers and minorities
E. Religious views of the majority may intrude on education curriculum
ANSWER: 

----------- are called for by supporters of free market systems for schools, so students can choose from a variety of different educational experiences.
A. Hidden curriculums
B. Nationalized curriculums
C. Charter schools
D. Dress codes
E. Community colleges
ANSWER: 

Students learn early that their classmates are their competitors or enemies, since if they succeed they do so at your expense. This is an example of the ----------- American education.
A. competitive nature of
B. hidden curriculum in
C. collective nature of
D. high standards of
E. Both A and B
ANSWER: 

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that schools try to 'cool out' unsuccessful students?
A. Schools promote the ideology of individualism, which encourages people to blame themselves for their failures
B. Counselors may tell the student that they are better suited for other tasks in life
C. Students are encouraged to blame their lack of success on tough luck, fate, and bad breaks
D. Failing students are presented with examples of others in similar circumstances who have nonetheless made it
E. Students are encouraged to question whether the educational system met their needs.
ANSWER: 

Which of the following is NOT one of the vital functions for the maintenance of the prevailing social, political, and economic order that schools perform?
A. Socializing newcomers to society
B. Producing people with the skills necessary to solve social problems and change society as necessary
C. Shaping personalities so they are consistent with the demands of the society
D. Preparing individuals for their adult roles
ANSWER: 

Eitzen and Zinn argue that public education in the U.S. is biased in favor of
A. the upper class
B. professional and upper class families
C. the working class
D. the poor
E. minorities
ANSWER: 

Rosenthal and Jacobson's study found that teachers' attitudes toward their students played ------- role in the their students' success.
A. no
B. a small
C. a significant
D. None of the above
ANSWER: 

Tracking has all BUT which of the following effects?
A. It discourages students in lower tracks from living up to their potential
B. Tracking encourages higher rates of educational success in students in the upper tracks than they would have if placed in classes with students of varying abilities
C. Students in the upper tracks develop a sense of superiority, while lower track students feel inferior
D. Lower track students have a high rate of failure and dropping out
E. Tracking reproduced class inequality over generations since it is highly correlated or linked with students' families' class position
ANSWER: 

According to Mary Crow Dog's article, the primary purpose of Indian boarding schools was to
A. promote educational success of Native American children
B. promote better health of Native American children
C. help Native American children maintain the native cultures
D. prepare Native American children to live in a multicultural world
E. solve the Indian problem by assimilating Native Americans into white culture
ANSWER: 

Given Cookson and Persell's research on students that attend rich prep schools, the primary social function of these schools is to
A. prepare members of the upper classes to rule society.
B. prepare upper class children for life in Ivy League schools.
C. promote educational excellence.
D. raise awareness of the obligations that wealthy classes have to protect the less advantaged classes (a.k.a. nobles oblige).
ANSWER: 

Which of the following is NOT true, regarding students that attend rich prep schools?
A. They tend to be coddled in many ways, especially academically
B. They lean how to speak, how to behave at formal gatherings, who to marry, etc., all things that prepare them for life in the upper class
C. They tend to receive preferences in admission to elite colleges, and promotion to top corporate positions
D. The social networks of prep schools function to integrate new brains with old wealth, thus helping to revitalize the upper classes
ANSWER: 

Cultural capital refers to
A. real estate and stock investments
B. advantages that the upper class has over the middle and working classes
C. socially created knowledge of cultural backgrounds, norms, and skills that can be used as a resources in 'making it'
D. the personal histories of the upper class


34. Sociologists study religion
A. because it is a ubiquitous phenomenon that has a tremendous impact on human behavior
B. because it has a major influence on society and society has a major impact on religion
C. to uncover the real reasons that society is organized the way it is
D. all of the above
E. Both A and B
ANSWER: 

'The social institution that encompasses beliefs and practices regarding the sacred' refers to
A. cults.
B. sects.
C. the order theory's definition of religion.
D. spirituality
ANSWER: 

Durkheim argued that all religions serve the same function:
A. Promoting order and unity
B. Promoting salvation and redemption
C. Promoting meaning and satisfaction
D. Reducing frustration and anxiety
ANSWER: 

Durkheim believed that all religions divide the world into the
A. material and non-material
B. sacred and profane
C. religious and sacred
D. spiritual and sacred
ANSWER: 

Marx argued that religion inhibits social change by
A. making it appear that social arrangements are right and inevitable
B. sanctifying existing social arrangements
C. teaching the powerless to accept their lot in life
D. offering the powerless a reward in the hereafter if they accept their class position in this life
E. All of the above
ANSWER: 

Marx would argue that the Bible's argument that 'the meek shall inherit the earth' leads people to
A. become revolutionary, since it suggests that God wants the oppressed classes to overthrow their oppressors
B. become politically moderate and embrace peaceful methods to change society
C. not assert themselves, and instead accept their oppression, believing that good things will happen to them eventually
D. None of the above
ANSWER: 

Weber's main thesis in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is
A. capitalism is undermined by religious superstition
B. the Protestant Reformation encouraged the development of modern capitalism
C. capitalism is highly valued by Christian communities
D. people feel torn between the demands of their religion and their desire to make money
ANSWER: 

Which of the following principles of Calvinism are key to understanding how it promoted the rise of capitalism, according to Weber's theory?
A. Original sin
B. Spirituality
C. Predestiny
D. Asceticism
E. Both C and D
ANSWER: 

Which of the following is FALSE, regarding differences between Marx and Weber's views of religion and social change?
A. Unlike Marx, Weber believes that religion can promote social change
B. Unlike Weber, Marx argued that economic factors are more important than religious beliefs in explaining social life
C. Unlike Marx, Weber believed that the leaders of religious institutions were generally linked closely with the leaders of economic and political institutions
D. All of the above are false
ANSWER: 

The peasant based social movements in Central America and the Civil Rights movement can be seen as examples of
A. how religion functions as an opiate of the masses
B. liberation theology-based social movements
C. how religion promotes social regulation and integration
D. how religion promotes the development of new economic systems
ANSWER: 

Which of the following is NOT one of the central themes of the United States' 'civil religion'?
A. The belief that God has a special destiny for the U.S., which leads to a self-righteousness in foreign relations
B. It tends toward an uncritical endorsement of U.S. values and practices.
C. It can lead people to stand up for certain principles, which may lead them to criticize government policies.
D. None of the above, since ALL are central themes of the civil religion of the U.S.
ANSWER: 

------------- are characterized by a fundamental withdrawal from and rejection of the world, membership by way of conversion, and voluntary baptism for adults being the only accepted form.
A. Churches
B. Sects
C. Cults
D. Denominations
ANSWER: 

A --------- is a new religion with practices and teachings at odds and often in rejection of the dominant culture and religious doctrines.
A. church
B. sect
C. cult
D. denomination
ANSWER: 

Selection of a successor leader in a sect is done by a process called the ------------, which involves an organization's attempt to transmit the charisma of the former leader to a new one.
A. deification of charisma
B. routinization of charisma
C. divine calling
D. popular calling
ANSWER: 

Why are some people more like to join sects?
A. Because sects provide friends and meaning in an increasingly bureaucratic, cold, changing, and meaningless world
B. Lower status people tend to be attracted to sects as a way of gaining social status and rejecting social hierarchies that have rejected them
C. Members of the upper classes are more likely to join sects because they can sacrifice the time and money that sects require
D. All of the above
E. Both A and B
ANSWER: 

The more education and income one has, the --------------- likely one is to find religion important and to hold traditional beliefs.
A. more
B. equally
C. less
D. None of the above; there is no relationship between these.
ANSWER: 

Eitzen and Zinn cite the Evangelical Christian efforts to oppose the teaching of evolution and sex education in schools as an example of a
A. reform movement
B. resistance movement
C. revolutionary movement
D. redemptive movement
ANSWER: 
