Health and Medicine

(Please note that final exam study guide mistakenly failed to include Week 8 - Health and Medicine in the list of material covered on the test. The only fair thing to do is to make this section optional; if you did not prepare for this section due to the error on the study guide, please skip the first section of the test.)

1. The central argument Parsons makes regarding the social structure of medicine is that

the health of social systems is fundamentally dependent upon the health of the members of society
the problem of health is intimately involved in the functional prerequisites of the social system
medical patients are fundamentally dependent upon the proper socialization of physicians and other medical providers
the practice of medicine is being undermined by the growth of commercialism in medicine

2. Parsons' theory is rooted in the

order theory (a.k.a. structural functionalism)
conflict theory
interactionism theory
labeling theory

3. Which of the following is NOT one of the aspects of the institutionalized expectation system relative to the sick role that Parsons identifies?

Exemption from normal social role responsibilities
An institutionalized definition that the sick person cannot be expected to pull themselves together
The expectation that one partially blames oneself for becoming ill
The definition of the state of being ill as itself undesirable with its obligation to ‘get well’
The obligation to seek technically competent help and to cooperate with him to try to get well

4. Which of the following is NOT one of the social dynamics identified by McGreary that contribute to the devastating impact AIDS has on Africa?

Migrant labor practices that separate families and promotes poverty that leads to commercial sex
Male dominated sexual practices and male resistance to using condoms
Opposition to discussing sexual issues publicly, and moralistic views of sexuality, especially of women
A fear and stigmatization of AIDS patients and their children
Sexual practices that increase HIV transmission rates
Family practices that either are overwhelmed by the problem or seem unsupportive
The high cost of treatment
High rates of poverty
None of the above, since ALL of these contribute to the devastion

5. Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that AIDS in Africa is unlike AIDS in the U.S.?

AIDS in the U.S. tends to be limited to specific high-risk groups
AIDS in the U.S. has been brought under some level of control through intensive education, vigorous political action, and expensive drug therapy
AIDS in Africa tends to be limited to rural population, compared to the U.S. where AIDS is a more urban phenomenon
In Africa, it tends to be society's fittest, not its frailest, that die from AIDS, and everyone who is sexually active is at risk of AIDS

6. Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations made by McGreary to fight the problem?

Abstinence campaigns
Better leaders
Providing more drug therapy
Western financial support

7. Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of depression that Karp identifies?

pre-traumatic stress
inchoate feelings lacking a vocabulary to label them
a phase during which they conclude 'something is really wrong with me'
a crisis stage that thrusts them into a world of therapeutic experts
a stage of coming to grips with an illness during which they theorize about the causes for their difficulty and evaluate the prospects for getting beyond depression

8. Karp calls these stages

identity turning points
labels
crises
tragic

9. According to Karp, when people with depression 'go public' and acknowledge their condition to others, they

often immediately feel better
often immediately feel worse
undergo a singificant change in their identity and social status
have taken their first step to 'recovery'

Social Change

10. Ritzer's main argument in his theory of ' McDonaldization' is that society is becoming increasingly

alienating
chaotic
egalitarian
rationalized
unequal

11. Which of the following is NOT one of the main elements of McDonaldization?

alienation
efficiency
calculability
predictability
control
substitution of human technology with non-human technology

12. Ritzer's fears regarding the results of McDonaldization are most similar to

Marx's fears of growing class inequality
Durkheim's fears of the growing anomie
Weber's fears of the impending 'iron cage of bureaucracy'
None of the above; Ritzer actually looked forward to the effects of McDonaldization

13. Ritzer believes that the model of rationalization in the 19th century was ----------, while today it is ---------.

the family diner / the fast-food restaurant
traditional bureaucracy / the fast-paced, flexible corporation
bureaucracy / the fast-food restaurant
the fast-food restaurant / bureaucracy

14. According to Charles Derber, the war on Iraq and on “terrorism” is a case of

fighting those who hate freedom
protecting democracy
political and military “wilding”
the circulation of elites

15. "Power dressed up in universal values such as freedom and prosperity" is the definition for

ideology
propaganda
hegemony
mass consciousness

16. Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations Derber makes regarding how terrorism should be stopped?

It should be led by the United Nations and the international community
It would attack the root causes of terrorism, requiring major changes in U.S. foreign and econmic policy
Changing the rules of globalization so that poor people don't bear the burden of debt and lack of economic development
Promoting U.S. values of freedom and capitalism around the world

17. Which of the following is models of community that Etzioni discusses does he favor?

community of communities
multiculturalism
assimilationism
None of the above

18. Etzioni argues that the pursuit of well-being through ever higher levels of consumption

a. is necessary for economic development to occur rapidly enough to eliminate the raciality inequality that lies at the heart of prejudice and discrimination in the U.S.
b. is Sisyphean, never leading to satisfaction and contentment
c. takes our attention away from the true source of happiness: nourishing ends-based relationships, bonding with others, community building, and cultural and spiritual pursuits
d. all of the above
e. Both b and c

Social Movements

19. The great paradox of sociology is that

society has many social problems, but social problems are rooted in society
society has power over its members, but people have power to change society
sociology is capable of understanding a great deal about society, but its incapable of understanding itself
sociology is a product of industrial capitalist society, but sociology is very critical of industrial capitalism.

20. Which of the following is NOT one of the implications of the paradox of sociology referred to in the previous question?

Sociology is inherently limited in its understanding of its subject matter
Society is not rigid or static; its created, sustained, and changed by people
Social forms that people create often take on a sacred quality
Since social structures are created and sustained by people, they are imperfect

21. While human agency is important, Eitzen and Zinn caution that we should not minimize the power of social ------------ that subordinate people, making change difficult or, at times, impossible.

pressures
structures
classes
construction

22. Eitzen and Zinn argue that what many people consider --------- and therefore unchangeable, is really a social construction and can, therefore, be reconstructed.

human nature
sacred
social structure
biologically determined

23. A 'collective attempt to promote or resist social change' is the definition of

a revolution
a social movement
a fad
a craze
collective action

24. A reform movement

attempts to bring change to a specific part of society
focuses on totally changing individuals
limits itself to non-violent, legal strategies
seeks limited change in individuals
attempts to totally change a society

25. A collective attempt to oppose or defy social change is called a

reform movement
proto-revolutionary movement
resistance movement
redemptive movement
reactionary movement

26. The civil rights movement and the student movement of the 1960s were examples of

reform movements
revolutionary movements
resistance movements
redemptive movements
charismatic movements

27. Eitzen and Zinn cite the Evangelical Christian efforts to oppose the teaching of evolution and sex education in schools as an example of a

reform movement
resistance movement
revolutionary movement
redemptive movement

28. Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in the common life course of social movements?

Social unrest arises due to a societal condition that threatens or harms a segment of society
Grievances become focused, and leadership emerges
The movement becomes organized and resources are mobilized
If the movement is successful, its victories become institutionalized in the society.
None of the above, since ALL are stages in the life course of social movements

29. If a social movement is successful, it will become --------- into society.

co-opted
institutionalized
accepted
bureaucratized

30. Which of the following is NOT one of the suggestions Allan Johnson makes for people wanting to challenge the social inequities and injustices of society?

Quietly and invisibly change social institutions from within
Withdraw support from paths of least resistance
Pay attention to how different forms of oppression interact with one another
Work with other people
Don't let other people set the standard for you

31. Overall, what is Allan Johnson promoting in his article?

A united social movement against privilege
Awareness among underprivileged groups
Individual activism
Self-awareness
Class warfare

32. Eitzen and Zinn argue that ideologies are

the key to social movements
the major obstacle to social change
the only accurate way to understand reality
interesting, but nonetheless false ideas about society

33. Which of the following is NOT an element of ideology? They

explain a social group's position in society.
provide the goal for a movement.
bring members together.
offer a compelling argument used to recruit new members to a movement.
NONE of the above; all are elements of ideology.

34. Which of the following is NOT one of the six conditions that Szymanski believes are necessary for a social movement to emerge and be successful?

Frustration
Resources sufficient to shift the balance of power in the movement's favor
An alternative ideology
Proper tactics, strategies, and organizational forms
An unsuccessful response by the opponents of the movement

35. Which of the following is NOT one of the common ways that 'elites' or opponents of social movements try to prevent movements' success, according to Szymanski?

They ignore the movement and hope it goes away
They co-opt the leaders
They repress the movement
They offer limited reforms to weaken the movement, and seek to remove the reforms after the movement subsides
They resign their positions in mass, knowing that eventually a new elite will emerge and they will likely be able to join it (this is known as the 'Michels circulation of elites gambit')

Self Evaluation of Class Participation

36. Approximately what percent of class sessions did you attend?

100%
90% to 99%
80% to 89%
70% to 79%
60% to 69%
less than 60%

37. Which of the following best describes your frequency of participation?

All or almost all classes
Most classes
Frequently
Occasionally
Rarely or only when called on

38. Which of the following best describes the quality of your participation?

Omniscient offerings; should have taught the class
Engaged discussions with your head and soul; added significant insights to class; asked important questions; engaged materials, professor, and students seriously; offered explanations of readings, issues, and concepts; answered questions from the professor; bestowed humor and wit on the class.
Serious engagement, commented, asked questions, offered explanations of readings, responded to other students points, answered questions from the professor.
Fair engagement, answered some questions, responded to other's points.
Superficial engagement, talked some, but largely on easy questions and issues.
Spoke only when called on, did know the answers.
Spoke only when called on, didn't know the answers.
Ran three pens dry doodling.
Didn't snore when you slept.
Snored when you slept.

39. Comments on your participation (especially important if you talked little or none in class):