__________________ refers to the active mental processes that enable us to retain and use information over time.    
 A. Retrieval cue   
 B. Amnesia   
 C. Free recall   
 * D. Memory   
    

In this video, picking up something at the store, going to a doctor's office, taking medications, and taking children to a specific place were used as examples of    
 A. a memory trace.   
 * B. prospective memory.   
 C. long-term memory.   
 D. performance memory.   
    

The process of recovering information from memory is known as    
 * A. retrieval.   
 B. exercise.   
 C. encoding.   
 D. interference.   
    

The three basic memory processes are encoding, storage, and    
 * A. retrieval.   
 B. exercise.   
 C. interference.   
 D. free call.   
    

In this video, Professor James McGaugh used the example of an explosive going off on a battlefield to explain how information is __________________ into memory.    
 A. retrieved   
 * B. encoded   
 C. stored   
 D. organized   
    

The stage of memory that registers information from the environment and holds it for a brief period of time is known as    
 A. retrieval.   
 B. long-term memory.   
 C. short-term memory.   
 * D. sensory memory.   
    

Problem solving, remembering, and imagining all take place in    
 * A. short-term memory.   
 B. cognitive memory.   
 C. long-term memory.   
 D. sensory memory.   
    

An important function of __________________ is to store information briefly so that our stream of perceptions of the world can be experienced.    
 A. short-term memory   
 B. cognitive memory   
 C. long-term memory   
 * D. sensory memory   
    

Long-term items are stored for two minutes or more, while short-term/working memory can store items for    
 A. one second.   
 * B. 30 seconds.   
 C. one-half second.   
 D. 15 seconds.   
    

Most American when called up at events such as sports gatherings can recite the Pledge of Allegiance. Where has this information been stored?    
 A. in encoded memory   
 B. in procedural memory   
 C. in short-term memory   
 * D. in long-term memory   
    

The stage of memory that registers information as it is occurring and holds it for the briefest amount of time is called    
 A. encoded memory.   
 B. procedural memory.   
 * C. sensory memory.   
 D. short-term memory.   
    

Your friend calls and at the end of the conversation, she gives you a new phone number, but you don't have a pen/pencil and paper to write it down. You repeat the phone number over and over. This is an example of    
 A. elaborative rehearsal.   
 B. forced recall.   
 C. motivated learning.   
 D. maintenance rehearsal.   
    

In the video, Duana Welch used the example of repeating the telephone number for the pizza parlor as an example of    
 A. elaborative rehearsal.   
 B. forced recall.   
 C. motivated learning.   
 * D. maintenance rehearsal.   
    

When we mentally connect new information items with those stored in memory, we are practicing    
 A. deep processing.   
 B. motivated remembering.   
 C. maintenance rehearsal.   
 * D. elaborative rehearsal.   
    

The serial position effect is the tendency to recall items at the _______________ of a list and at the _________________ of the list more clearly than those located in the __________________.    
 A. end; middle; beginning   
 B. beginning; middle; end   
 * C. beginning; end; middle   
 D. middle; end; beginning   
    

A retrieval cue is a clue, prompt, or hint that can help    
 A. induce motivated forgetting.   
 B. trigger forced recall.   
 C. initiate decay theory.   
 * D. trigger recall of a stored memory.   
    

The recency effect refers to the tendency to recall the items at the ________________ of a list.    
 A. beginning   
 B. center   
 * C. end   
 D. margin   
    

The primacy effect refers to the tendency to recall the items at the ________________ of a list.    
 * A. beginning   
 B. center   
 C. end   
 D. back   
    

Recall of items stored in long-term memory can be more quickly brought to mind by    
 A. motivated forgetting.   
 * B. retrieval cues.   
 C. retroactive recall.   
 D. proactive recall.   
    

Procedural, episodic, and semantic information are stored in    
 A. sensory memory.   
 B. short-term, working memory.   
 * C. long-term memory.   
 D. a and b.   
    

Remembering how to ride a bicycle is an example of a long-term memory item, specifically    
 A. episodic memory.   
 B. short-term memory.   
 * C. procedural information.   
 D. semantic information.   
    

Information such as when, where, and who was present when we first met our spouses, is stored in long-term memory called    
 * A. episodic memory.   
 B. procedural memory.   
 C. semantic information.   
 D. motivated recall.   
    

Most students can easily recite the names and locations of all the buildings on their campuses in which they have classes as well as the dates of their finals. This is called    
 A. episodic memory.   
 B. procedural memory.   
 * C. semantic memory.   
 D. short-term memory.   
    

Retrieval is more likely to be successful when the conditions of information retrieval are similar to the encoding conditions; this memory phenomenon is called    
 A. interference theory.   
 B. procedural memory.   
 C. source confusion.   
 * D. encoding specificity principle.   
    

The video depicted Dr. Bjork proposing that significant or highly emotional episodes, such as the Challenger explosion, the birth of a baby, and weddings, often create a type of memory called    
 * A. flashbulb memory.   
 B. episodic memory.   
 C. emotional memory.   
 D. events memory.   
    

We can say that _________________ memory involves the recall of very vivid, rare, and significant events.    
 A. episodic memory   
 B. procedural memory   
 * C. flashbulb memory   
 D. sensory memory   
    

Research on the ________________ principle indicates that when students study in the same room in which they are to be tested, their test scores are higher.    
 A. tip-of-the-tongue   
 * B. encoding specificity   
 C. sensory memory   
 D. clustering   
    

On the first day at Julie's new job, she was introduced to many new co-workers, when she ran into them later at the copy room, she was embarrassed to find that she could not remember any of their names. Although she is normally good at remembering names, the stress of the first day on the new job probably caused Julie's    
 * A. encoding failure.   
 B. interference.   
 C. motivated forgetting.   
 D. decay.   
    

Often information stored in our long-term memory fades over time due to lack of use; we call this    
 A. encoding failure.   
 B. interference.   
 C. motivated forgetting.   
 * D. decay.   
    

Often one memory competes with another very similar memory and causes us to forget; we call this    
 A. encoding failure.   
 * B. interference theory.   
 C. motivated forgetting.   
 D. decay theory.   
    

When a memory is unpleasant or disturbing, we often try ________________ to suppress it; however, when an event has been extremely traumatic, we may __________________ repress it. This theory is the basis of motivated forgetting; in other words, we forget because we are motivated to do so.    
 * A. consciously; unconsciously   
 B. unconsciously; consciously   
 C. not; try to   
 D. consciously; consciously