
The study of stress is a key topic in one of the most rapidly growing specialty areas in psychology called    
A.   A. health psychology.    
B.  B. biological psychology.    
C.  C. psychoneuroimmunology.    
D.  D. social-behavioral psychology.    
E.      
ANSWER: A

Stress can be dangerous to your health and is usually caused by    
A.  A. major life events.    
B.  B. daily hassles and conflicts.    
C.  C. social and cultural factors.    
D.   D. all of the above.    
E.      
ANSWER: D

According to the _________________ model, health and illness are determined by the complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.    
A.   A. biopsychosocial    
B.  B. fight/flight    
C.  C. daily hassles    
D.  D. social support    
E.      
ANSWER: A

A rapidly growing specialty area called _________________ studies how psychological factors influence health and illness.    
A.  A. fight/flight    
B.  B. daily hassles    
C.   C. health psychology    
D.  D. major life event    
E.      
ANSWER: C

People in the lowest socioeconomic levels of society tend to have    
A.  A. fewer daily hassles.    
B.  B. nonchronic, long-term stress.    
C.   C. the highest levels of psychological distress, illness, and death.    
D.  D. adequate resources to deal with negative life events.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

Virtually any event or situation can be a ________________ if you question your ability to deal with it effectively.    
A.  A. stressor    
B.  B. major life event c	conflict D. psychological process  
C.  Answer: A Some psychologists propose that as a predictor of physical illness and symptoms, the stress derived from _______________ is more accurate that the number of major life changes a person experiences. A. stressor  
D.  B. major life event C. daily hassles D. fight/flight reactions  
E.    E.  


A.  Answer: C The most stressful type of conflict-induced stress comes from   
B.    A. approach-approach conflicts.  
C.    B. approach-avoidance conflicts.  
D.    C. avoidance-avoidance conflicts.  
E.    D. avoidance conflicts that cannot be easily resolved.  


A.    E.  
B.  Answer: B According to psychologists, there are three types of stress-inducing conflicts, approach-approach, approach-avoidance, and   
C.    A. avoidance-approach.  
D.    B. avoidance-avoidance.  
E.    C. fight-flight.  


A.    D. avoidance-avoidance.  
B.    E.  
C.  Answer: D Any kind of immediate threat to your well-being is a stress-producing experience that triggers multiple bodily changes. This rapidly occurring reaction is called   
D.    A. the fight-or-flight response.  
E.    B. general adaptation syndrome.  


A.    C. a stress reaction.  
B.    D. biological stress phenomenon.  
C.    E.  
D.  Answer: A The three stages of the general adaptation syndrome are   
E.    A. wear-and-tear stage, adjustment stage, and acceptance stage.  


A.    B. alarm stage, adjustment stage, and resistance stage.   
B.    C. alarm stage, resistance stage, and exhaustion stage.  
C.    D. resistance stage, exhaustion stage, and acceptance stage.  
D.    E.  
E.  Answer: C In the video, expert psychologists explained that stress can   


A.    A. cause people to drink alcohol and smoke cigarettes.  
B.    B. make people unable to act in a civil manner.  
C.    C. interfere with cognitive abilities.  
D.    D. cause mental illnesses.  
E.    E.  


A.  Answer: C Researchers have found that negative life events have the greatest adverse effects on health, especially when they   
B.    A. involve the loss of a spouse.  
C.    B. are combined with other physical illnesses.  
D.    C. happen just after a positive life event.  
E.    D. are unexpected and uncontrollable.  


A.    E.  
B.  Answer: D Researchers have discovered that stress can decrease immune system functioning, which may   
C.    A. produce the fight-or-flight response.  
D.    B. affect cognitive functioning.  
E.    C. heighten susceptibility to health problems.  


A.    D. make infectious agents less effective.  
B.    E.  
C.  Answer: C A person who is inclined to believe that no amount of personal effort will improve a situation is using   
D.    A. a defeatist explanatory style.  
E.    B. an optimistic explanatory style.  


A.    C. a pessimistic explanatory style.  
B.    D. an objective explanatory style.  
C.    E.  
D.  Answer: C In the video, people with an optimistic approach, according to Seligman, tend to look on the bright side of things, look at the silver lining in the cloud, and consequently, have a better chance of   
E.    A. keeping stress under control so that it doesn't overwhelm them.  


A.    B. always having everything work out to their satisfaction.  
B.    C. jeopardizing their chances for success.  
C.    D. inflicting more stress on themselves.  
D.    E.  
E.  Answer: A People who use a(n) ________________ style tend to experience more stress than people who are confident and have a generally positive outlook on life.   


A.    A. defeatist explanatory  
B.    B. optimistic explanatory  
C.    C. pessimistic explanatory  
D.    D. objective explanatory  
E.    E.  


A.  Answer: C Social support can make a stressful situation seem less threatening, promote positive moods and emotions, and   
B.    A. can become chaotic.  
C.    B. lower blood cholesterol levels.  
D.    C. enhance self-esteem.  
E.    D. adversely affect immune system functioning.  


A.    E.  
B.  Answer: C _______________ friends and family can make a situation seem less threatening, promote positive emotions, and enhance self-esteem.   
C.    A. Flight-or-fight response of  
D.    B. Social support of  
E.    C. Daily hassles caused by  


A.    D. Avoidance/approach attitude of  
B.    E.  
C.  Answer: B Psychological research has consistently shown that having a sense of control over a stressful situation   
D.    A. reduces the impact of stressors.  
E.    B. is not as important as explanatory style in controlling stress.  


A.    C. heighten susceptibility to health problems  
B.    D. is not as important as having a strong social support.  
C.    E.  
D.  Answer: A When individuals shift their attention away from a stressor and toward other activities, they are engaging in the _______________ strategy called escape-avoidance.   
E.    A. problem-focused coping  


A.    B. emotion-focused coping  
B.    C. dream-focused coping  
C.    D. esteem-focused coping  
D.    E.  
E.  Answer: B Rationally analyzing a problem, trying to identify possible solutions, and then attempting to implement a solution is an example of   


A.    A. problem-focused coping.  
B.    B. emotion-focused coping.  
C.    C. dream-focused coping.  
D.    D. approach/approach conflict strategy.  
E.    E.  


