
People tend to act in accordance with their attitudes when they feel strongly about an issue, anticipate a favorable outcome, and    
A.   A. have a personal stake in the issue.    
B.  B. know little about the subject.    
C.  C. are told how to behave by authority figures.    
D.  D. are able to avoid any social conflicts.    
E.      
ANSWER: A

While many people think that _________________ controls behavior, social psychologists have consistently found that this is not a good predictor of future behavior.    
A.  A. racism    
B.  B. ethnocentrism    
C.  C. contact theory    
D.   D. attitude    
E.      
ANSWER: D

Attitudes can be broken into cognitive, affective, and ________________ components.    
A.  A. information source    
B.  B. in-group    
C.   C. behavioral    
D.  D. prejudicial    
E.      
ANSWER: C

In the video, you learned that attitudes    
A.  A. cannot be changed.    
B.  B. are genetic patterns of behavior.    
C.  C. are dependent on a person's education level.    
D.   D. can be changed by conscious effort.    
E.      
ANSWER: D

Cognitive dissonance commonly occurs in situations in which you become uncomfortably aware that    
A.  A. you made the wrong decision.    
B.  B. your behavior and your attitude are the same.    
C.   C. your behavior and your attitude are in conflict.    
D.  D. you cannot change a situation or event.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

Suppose a person had to choose between two job offers, each offer having some desirable and some not-so-desirable features, creating a state of _________________. The conflict is resolved by changing his or her thoughts and attitudes to be supportive of whatever job offer he or she decided upon accepting.    
A.  A. in-group/out-group    
B.   B. cognitive dissonance    
C.  C. racism    
D.  D. stereotypes    
E.      
ANSWER: B

Attitude change as the result of ________________ is quite common in everyday life.    
A.  A. in-group/out-group bias    
B.   B. cognitive dissonance    
C.  C. racism    
D.  D. stereotypes    
E.      
ANSWER: B

We could say that ________________ is an unpleasant state of psychological tension that occurs when there is an inconsistency between two thoughts or perceptions; this situation is a common cause for changes in attitude.    
A.   A. cognitive dissonance    
B.  B. racism    
C.  C. nonconscious racism    
D.  D. group conflict    
E.      
ANSWER: A

When confronted with evidence that contradicts a stereotype, people tend to    
A.  A. adjust their viewpoints if the evidence is strong enough.    
B.  B. view the evidence as valuable only if it is presented by an authority figure.    
C.   C. discount the evidence in a variety of ways.    
D.  D. create a new stereotype based on new information.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

Stereotyping appears to be a fairly normal and common way of categorizing others and can    
A.  A. add to social stability by providing continuity of opinion between group members.    
B.  B. be helpful in combating prejudice and racism.    
C.  C. help us see people as they really are.    
D.   D. easily be misused and cause numerous problems.    
E.      
ANSWER: D

In the video, psychologists explained that stereotypes    
A.  A. are always inaccurate.    
B.   B. can be either positive or negative.    
C.  C. are "unnatural" phenomena that must be eliminated.    
D.  D. are only used against minorities.    
E.      
ANSWER: B

Like other social categories, __________________ simplify social information so that we can sort out, process, and remember information about other people more easily.    
A.  A. cognitive dissonances    
B.   B. stereotypes    
C.  C. jigsaw classroom techniques    
D.  D. out-group biases    
E.      
ANSWER: B

In the video, how did Americans of Japanese descent react to their internment?    
A.  A. They understood that internment was necessary because of the war effort.    
B.  B. They were all hostile and wanted to escape.    
C.  C. They felt that being in the camps was not bad, and sometimes was even fun.    
D.   D. Their reactions ranged from resignation to anger.    
E.      
ANSWER: D

People have a strong tendency to perceive others in terms of two very basic social categories:    
A.  A. stereotypes and racism.    
B.   B. in-groups and out-groups.    
C.  C. indigenous populations and natural populations.    
D.  D. collectivistic cultures and individualistic cultures.    
E.      
ANSWER: B

"We succeeded because we worked hard; they succeeded because they lucked out," is a statement a person with ________________ might make.    
A.  A. self-effacing bias    
B.   B. in-group bias    
C.  C. cognitive dissonance    
D.  D. out-group bias    
E.      
ANSWER: B

Ethnocentric thinking contributes to the formation of negative stereotypes about    
A.  A. people in groups to which you are not allowed to belong.    
B.   B. other cultures whose customs differ from our own.    
C.  C. gays and lesbians when they are competing for desired or scarce resources.    
D.  D. people and individuals who are a threat to our self-esteem.    
E.      
ANSWER: B

Which of the following refers to the tendency to see people belonging to groups of which you are not a member as being similar to one another?    
A.  A. in-group cognitive dissonance    
B.  B. out-group dissonance    
C.   C. out-group homogeneity effect    
D.  D. group conflict    
E.      
ANSWER: C

The tendency to use our culture or ethnic group as the yardstick by which we judge other cultures or ethnic groups is called    
A.  A. contact theory.    
B.  B. in-group homogeneity effect.    
C.  C. prejudice.    
D.   D. ethnocentrism.    
E.      
ANSWER: D

In the Robbers Cave Experiment, psychologist Muzafer Sherif demonstrated that prejudice can be overcome    
A.  A. if rival groups meet prior to any competition.    
B.  B. when rival groups compete for the same prize.    
C.   C. when rival groups cooperate to achieve a common goal.    
D.  D. if rival groups are told how to behave by an authority figure.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

The assumption that negative stereotypes would naturally replace negative attitudes if groups meet is called    
A.  A. nonconscious racism.    
B.  B. ethnocentrism.    
C.   C. contact theory.    
D.  D. group conflict.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

In the _______________ experiment, psychologist Muzafer Sherif demonstrated how hostility between groups could be created and, more important, how that hostility could be overcome.    
A.  A. indigenous populations    
B.  B. in-group bias    
C.  C. stereotypic populations    
D.   D. Robbers Cave    
E.      
ANSWER: D

The jigsaw classroom experiment, in which students in small, ethnically diverse groups were brought together to work on a mutual project, demonstrated    
A.  A. that competition helps promote self-esteem.    
B.  B. an increase in intergroup hostility when students were required to work together.    
C.   C. a reduction in intergroup hostility when students worked together.    
D.  D. no change in student behavior unless rewards were given.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

Which of the following can be reduced by cooperating to achieve a common goal, or by substituting interdependence for competition?    
A.   A. group conflict    
B.  B. group norms    
C.  C. in-group bias    
D.  D. ethnocentrism    
E.      
ANSWER: A

Using the ________________, social psychologist Elliot Aronson demonstrated how children brought together in ethnically diverse groups could benefit from cooperation and interdependence.    
A.  A. self-esteem effect    
B.  B. intergroup hostility effect    
C.   C. jigsaw classroom technique    
D.  D. ethnocentrism classroom technique    
E.      
ANSWER: C

A person who believes that prejudice and racism are wrong might nevertheless react in prejudicial ways because of    
A.  A. social pressure to be racist.    
B.   B. nonconscious racism.    
C.  C. in-group bias.    
D.  D. the out-group homogeneity effect.    
E.      
ANSWER: B

In the video, you learned that although society at large seemed to condone racism toward Americans of Japanese descent, there were many non-Japanese who felt that internment was    
A.   A. unjust.    
B.  B. completely justifiable.    
C.  C. only fair.    
D.  D. necessary because of the Pearl Harbor attack.    
E.      
ANSWER: A

Which of the following refers to a more subtle form of racism that some psychologists believe has replaced blatant racism?    
A.  A. social pressure to be racist    
B.   B. nonconscious racism    
C.  C. cognitive dissonance    
D.  D. out-group homogeneity effect    
E.      
ANSWER: B

Historically, some groups have suffered more than others from prejudice, especially ________________ and people of color.    
A.  A. majority populations    
B.  B. homogenous populations    
C.  C. in-group populations    
D.   D. indigenous populations    
E.      
ANSWER: D

In order to combat prejudice on an individual level, it is important that    
A.  A. we openly discuss our prejudices with others.    
B.  B. we behave in accordance with our beliefs.    
C.  C. we accept that prejudice is a natural phenomenon.    
D.   D. we make a concerted effort to see each person as he or she really is-a unique individual.    
E.      
ANSWER: D

In the video, an expert psychologist explained the three-step process for combating    
A.  A. stereotyping.    
B.  B. racism.    
C.   C. prejudice.    
D.  D. in-group conflicts.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

In the video, you learned that attitudes, including prejudicial attitudes,    
A.  A. cannot be changed.    
B.  B. are genetic patterns of behavior.    
C.  C. depend on a person's education level.    
D.   D. can be changed by conscious effort.    
E.      
ANSWER: D

