
The trait approach to personality focuses    
A.  A. on the similarities among people.    
B.  B. behaviors you can observe.    
C.   C. on describing individual differences.    
D.  D. on only a limited number of characteristics.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

Broad, basic traits that are hypothesized to be universal and few in number are called    
A.   A. source traits.    
B.  B. fundamental traits.    
C.  C. surface traits.    
D.  D. universal base traits.    
E.      
ANSWER: A

_______________ are characteristics possessed by people in different degrees and tend to be relatively stable and endure over time.    
A.  A. Possible selves    
B.  B. Projective tests    
C.  C. Building blocks    
D.   D. Traits    
E.      
ANSWER: D

________________ can easily be inferred from observable behavior.    
A.  A. Traits    
B.   B. Surface traits    
C.  C. Source traits    
D.  D. Possible selves    
E.      
ANSWER: B

According to psychologist Raymond Cattell, there are 16 basic personality factors, and each factor represents    
A.  A. a characteristic that all people share.    
B.   B. a dimension that ranges between two extremes.    
C.  C. a trait that can be compared to a specific personality type.    
D.  D. a common surface trait.    
E.      
ANSWER: B

Hans Eysenck believed that personality included just three dimensions: introversion-extraversion, neuroticism-emotional stability, and     
A.  A. submissive-dominant.    
B.  B. relaxed-tense.    
C.  C. conservative-liberal.    
D.   D. psychoticism.    
E.      
ANSWER: D

A person who is high on the dimension of _____________ would likely be quiet, solitary, reserved, and not eager to seek out new experiences.    
A.  A. extraversion    
B.  B. Sixteen Personality Factors    
C.   C. introversion    
D.  D. Thematic Apperception    
E.      
ANSWER: C

Each factor represents a dimension that ranges between two extremes; ______________ is an attempt to identify all the essential source traits.    
A.  A. extraversion    
B.   B. the Sixteen Personality Factors theory    
C.  C. introversion    
D.  D. Thematic Apperception    
E.      
ANSWER: B

The five-factor model of personality identifies five major source traits. They are neuroticism, ______________, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.    
A.   A. extraversion    
B.  B. psychoticism    
C.  C. introversion    
D.  D. emotional stability    
E.      
ANSWER: A

Most trait researchers now believe that there are five basic personality dimensions called the Big Five, or the five-factor model. These five factors are neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and     
A.   A. conscientiousness.    
B.  B. introversion    
C.  C. psychoticism.    
D.  D. emotional stability.    
E.      
ANSWER: A

In the video, you learned that the five-factor model of personality describes what are essentially the key ______________ of personality.    
A.  A. astrological tenets    
B.  B. surface traits    
C.   C. building blocks    
D.  D. extraverts    
E.      
ANSWER: C

Personality differences among siblings are primarily the result of    
A.  A. birth order.    
B.  B. shared experiences.    
C.   C. nonshared experiences.    
D.  D. genetic differences.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

Behavioral genetics studies the effects of    
A.  A. traits on personality.    
B.   B. genes and heredity on behavior.    
C.  C. behavior on genes.    
D.  D. environmental factors.    
E.      
ANSWER: B

____________ is the method of comparing adopted individuals to their adoptive siblings, their adoptive parents, or their biological parents.    
A.  A. Trait study    
B.  B. Sixteen personality factors    
C.   C. Behavioral genetics    
D.  D. Normative factors    
E.      
ANSWER: C

A major advantage of the ________________ perspective is that it provides several methods that are helpful in defining what differences exist between individuals.    
A.   A. trait    
B.  B. behavioral genetics    
C.  C. environmental    
D.  D. reciprocal determinism    
E.      
ANSWER: A

The ________________ perspective does not explain personality, but only labels it; further, the theory doesn't explain how individual differences develop.    
A.  A. behavioral genetics    
B.  B. environmental determinants    
C.   C. trait    
D.  D. psychodynamic    
E.      
ANSWER: C

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the California Personality Inventory, and the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire are all examples of     
A.  A. tests used to measure mental competence.    
B.  B. projective tests.    
C.  C. tests that assess personal characteristics in normal populations.    
D.   D. self-report inventories.    
E.      
ANSWER: D

Psychological tests are used to assess a person's abilities, interests, or    
A.  A. mental competence.    
B.  B. eye-hand coordination.    
C.   C. personality.    
D.  D. spatial abilities.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

The most widely used self-report inventory to assess both normal and disturbed populations is the    
A.  A. Rorschach Inkblot Test.    
B.   B. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).    
C.  C. California Personality Inventory (CPI).    
D.  D. Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF).    
E.      
ANSWER: B

In this video, you were introduced to Cindy Chernow, a career consultant who counsels and gives lectures on how to find the right job for    
A.  A. the most money.    
B.   B. your personality and abilities.    
C.  C. people who want to change careers.    
D.  D. alumni of UCLA and other universities.    
E.      
ANSWER: B

The major strengths of ______________ are standardization and their use of established norms.    
A.  A. projective tests    
B.  B. astrological tests    
C.   C. self-report inventories    
D.  D. numerology inventories    
E.      
ANSWER: C

One important weakness of self-report inventories is that test-takers can ________________ an answer.    
A.  A. duplicate    
B.  B. tell the truth on    
C.   C. fake    
D.  D. overanswer    
E.      
ANSWER: C

Some psychologists believe that self-concept is not a singular mental self-image but a multifaceted system of related images. This is the basis of the notion of    
A.  A. trait assessment.    
B.  B. self-efficacy beliefs.    
C.  C. personality change potential.    
D.   D. possible selves.    
E.      
ANSWER: D

Which of the following is an aspect of self-concept that includes images that a person fears, hopes, or expects might occur?    
A.  A. traits    
B.   B. possible selves	    
C.  C. personality change potential    
D.  D. in dreams    
E.      
ANSWER: B

The Thematic Apperception Test and the Rorschach Inkblot Test are examples of    
A.  A. test used to measure mental competence.    
B.   B. projective tests.    
C.  C. tests that assess personal characteristics in normal populations.    
D.  D. self-report inventories.    
E.      
ANSWER: B

Raymond Cattell developed the _______________ identifying source traits or personality factors, whereas Hans Eysenck developed the ________________ of personality that identifies the basic dimensions of personality.    
A.  A. trait theory; astrological factors    
B.  B. Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire; astrological factors    
C.  C. California Personality Inventory; Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire    
D.   D. Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire; trait theory    
E.      
ANSWER: D

