
Personality can be defined as an individual's unique and relatively consistent patterns of    
A.   A. thinking, feeling, and behaving.    
B.  B. cognitive development.    
C.  C. self-development.    
D.  D. behaving.    
E.      
ANSWER: A

A _______________ is an attempt to describe and explain how people are similar, how they are different, and why every individual is unique.    
A.  A. social psychology theory    
B.  B. cognitive theory    
C.   C. personality theory    
D.  D. memory theory    
E.      
ANSWER: C

Psychoanalytic personality theory emphasizes the importance of unconscious processes and the    
A.   A. id, ego, and superego.    
B.  B. role of sexual aggression.    
C.  C. influence of childhood experience.    
D.  D. needs of the whole person.    
E.      
ANSWER: A

In psychoanalytical thinking, the id is the irrational, illogical, and impulsive dimension of personality, and the ego is the    
A.  A. moralistic, judgmental, perfectionist dimension of personality.    
B.   B. rational, mediating dimension of personality.    
C.  C. part of the personality that is conscious.    
D.  D. word psychoanalysts use to describe personality.    
E.      
ANSWER: B

_________________ stresses the influence of the unconscious, the importance of sexual and aggressive instincts, and early childhood experiences in forming personality.    
A.   A. Psychoanalytic psychology    
B.  B. Humanistic psychology    
C.  C. Cognitive psychology    
D.  D. Realistic psychology    
E.      
ANSWER: A

In the psychoanalytic theory of personality, the _______________ is the completely unconscious, irrational component, while the _______________ is the partly conscious, rational component that regulates thoughts and behavior.    
A.  A. ego; id    
B.   B. id; ego    
C.  C. id; superego    
D.  D. superego; id    
E.      
ANSWER: B

According to psychoanalytic theory of personality, _________________ are largely unconscious distortions of thought or perception of reality in an attempt to reduce anxiety.    
A.  A. self-concept mechanisms    
B.  B. humanistic mechanisms    
C.   C. ego defense mechanisms    
D.  D. cognitive schemas    
E.      
ANSWER: C

________________ is the ego defense mechanism that completely excludes from consciousness anxiety-producing thoughts, feelings, or impulses.    
A.  A. Rationalization    
B.  B. Projection    
C.   C. Repression    
D.  D. Displacement    
E.      
ANSWER: C

_______________ is the ego defense mechanism which involves unconsciously shifting the target of an emotional urge to a substitute target that is less threatening or dangerous.    
A.  A. Rationalization    
B.  B. Projection    
C.  C. Repression    
D.   D. Displacement    
E.      
ANSWER: D

________________ is the ego defense mechanism involving the justification of one's actions or feelings with socially acceptable explanations, rather than consciously acknowledging one's true motives or desires.    
A.   A. Rationalization    
B.  B. Projection    
C.  C. Repression    
D.  D. Displacement    
E.      
ANSWER: A

Sigmund Freud was one of the twentieth century's most influential thinkers and the founder of    
A.  A. the description of personality differences.    
B.  B. the field of psychology.    
C.   C. psychoanalysis.    
D.  D. the concept that behaviors are innate in origin.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

Criticisms of Freud's theory of personality in particular and the psychoanalytic perspective in general have focused on    
A.  A. lack of testability.    
B.  B. sexism.    
C.  C. inadequacy of evidence.    
D.   D. all of the above.    
E.      
ANSWER: D

Humanistic personality theory emphasizes the self and the    
A.  A. need to demonstrate competence.    
B.   B. fulfillment of a person's unique potential.    
C.  C. basic drives that control behavior.    
D.  D. influence of childhood experience.    
E.      
ANSWER: B

According to humanistic theories of personality, all human drives are secondary to the    
A.  A. need to achieve.    
B.  B. need for unconditional positive regard.    
C.  C. need to develop a self-concept.    
D.   D. actualizing tendency.    
E.      
ANSWER: D

In the video, psychologists introduced the concept of self-actualization, a fundamental principle of    
A.  A. psychoanalysis.    
B.  B. behaviorism.    
C.   C. humanism.    
D.  D. social cognition.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

In Carl Rogers' humanistic theory of personality, _______________ is the sense that you will be valued and loved only if you behave in a way that is acceptable to others.    
A.  A. reciprocal determinism    
B.  B. personality    
C.   C. conditional regard    
D.  D. unconditional regard    
E.      
ANSWER: C

The sense that you will be valued and loved even if you do not conform to the expectations of others is called _______________, according to Carl Rogers' humanistic theory of personality.    
A.  A. reciprocal determinism    
B.  B. personality    
C.  C. conditional regard    
D.   D. unconditional regard    
E.      
ANSWER: D

In the video, you learned that ________________ refers to the degree to which you are subjectively convinced of your own capabilities and effectiveness.    
A.  A. self-concept    
B.   B. self-efficacy    
C.  C. superego    
D.  D. projection    
E.      
ANSWER: B

________________ refers to one's beliefs about his or her ability to meet the demands of a specific situation; feelings of self-confidence or self-doubt.    
A.  A. Personality    
B.  B. Repression    
C.   C. Self-efficacy    
D.  D. Rationalization    
E.      
ANSWER: C

Which of the following models is in agreement with reciprocal determinism and explains human functioning and personality as caused by the interaction of behavioral, cognitive, and social factors?    
A.  A. personality    
B.  B. humanism    
C.   C. biopsychosocial    
D.  D. behaviorism    
E.      
ANSWER: C

