In this video, developmental psychology is defined as the study of how people    
A.  A. change mentally during their lifetime.    
B.  B. adapt to mental, physical, and social change.    
C.   C. change mentally and physically throughout their lifespan.    
D.  D. go through changes and adapt to an ever-changing environment.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

_________________ look at the ways in which people differ and show common patterns in their development and life stories because considerable variation exists among individuals.    
A.  A. Health psychologists    
B.  B. Cognitive psychologists    
C.  C. Industrial psychologists    
D.   D. Developmental psychologists    
E.      
ANSWER: D

Developmental psychologists often conceptualize the lifespan in terms of basic __________________ of development.    
A.  A. variations    
B.   B. stages    
C.  C. events    
D.  D. signatures    
E.      
ANSWER: B

The long, threadlike structure composed of DNA that contains a person's "genetic blueprint" is called a    
A.   A. chromosome.    
B.  B. gene.    
C.  C. dominate gene.    
D.  D. teratogen.    
E.      
ANSWER: A

_____________ contains the chemical genetic code that directs the growth and development of many of each person's unique qualities.    
A.  A. A gene    
B.  B. A stage    
C.  C. An attachment    
D.   D. DNA    
E.      
ANSWER: D

A ________ is the basic unit of heredity that directs the development of a particular characteristic.    
A.  A. stage    
B.   B. gene    
C.  C. fetal period    
D.  D. motor function    
E.      
ANSWER: B

The three stages of prenatal development are germinal, embryonic, and ______________ periods.    
A.  A. genetic    
B.   B. fetal    
C.  C. stage    
D.  D. chromosome    
E.      
ANSWER: B

The ________________ period is the period in which the zygote undergoes rapid cell division and develops into a cluster of cells called the embryo.    
A.   A. germinal    
B.  B. object permanence    
C.  C. embryonic    
D.  D. fetal    
E.      
ANSWER: A

The ________________ period is the period of rapid growth and intensive cell differentiation when the organs and major systems of the body form.    
A.  A. germinal    
B.  B. object permanence    
C.   C. embryonic    
D.  D. fetal    
E.      
ANSWER: C

_________________ is the theory supporting the notion that an infant's ability to thrive physically and psychologically depends in part on the quality of attachment.    
A.  A. Lifespan theory    
B.   B. Attachment theory    
C.  C. Stage theory    
D.  D. Temperament theory    
E.      
ANSWER: B

________________ is the emotional bond that forms between an infant and his or her caregivers.    
A.  A. Temperament    
B.  B. Symbolic thought    
C.   C. Attachment     
D.  D. Egocentrism    
E.      
ANSWER: C

As a general rule, when parents and/or caretakers are consistently warm, responsive, and sensitive to their infant's needs, the infant develops    
A.  A. lifelong attachment to strangers.    
B.   B. secure attachment to parents/caregivers.    
C.  C. parental bonding.    
D.  D. no need to fear strangers.    
E.      
ANSWER: B

______________ is defined as the inborn predisposition to consistently behave and react in a certain way.    
A.  A. Object permanence    
B.  B. Symbolic thought    
C.  C. Attachment    
D.   D. Temperament    
E.      
ANSWER: D

Infants come into the world with different temperaments; most can be classified into one of three broad patterns:    
A.  A. easy, average, and difficult.    
B.  B. emotional, active, and passive.    
C.   C. easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up.    
D.  D. moody, insecure, and easy-to-soothe.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

Virtually all psychologists agree that individual differences in _______________ are the result of genetic and biological influences.    
A.   A. temperament    
B.  B. teratogens    
C.  C. developmental psychology    
D.  D. life stages    
E.      
ANSWER: A

The words that an infant or child understands but cannot yet speak are referred to as the infant's ________________.    
A.  A. production vocabulary    
B.  B. preoperational stage    
C.  C. symbolic thoughts    
D.   D. comprehension vocabulary    
E.      
ANSWER: D

The concept of ________________ is used by psychologist to refer to words that infants can both understand and speak.    
A.   A. production vocabulary    
B.  B. preoperational stage    
C.  C. symbolic thoughts    
D.  D. comprehension vocabulary    
E.      
ANSWER: A

__________________ vocabulary refers to the words that an infant or child understands and can speak, whereas ________________ vocabulary refers to the words that are understood by an infant or child.    
A.  A. Comprehension; production    
B.  B. Preoperational; formal operations    
C.   C. Production; comprehension    
D.  D. Preoperational; comprehension     
E.      
ANSWER: C

Jean Piaget's four stages of cognitive development are the sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operational stage, and the    
A.  A. postformal operational stage.    
B.   B. formal operational stage.    
C.  C. operational behavior stage.    
D.  D. adult postformal operational stage.    
E.      
ANSWER: B

The ________________ stage in Piaget's theory is the third stage of cognitive development that occurs between age seven and the beginning of adolescence.    
A.  A. preoperational    
B.  B. sensorimotor    
C.   C. concrete operational    
D.  D. formal operational     
E.      
ANSWER: C

The ________________ stage in Piaget's theory is the stage beginning with adolescence, in which children have developed the ability to use and understand concepts such as mutual trust, loyalty, and empathy.    
A.  A. preoperational     
B.  B. sensorimotor    
C.  C. concrete operational    
D.   D. formal operational    
E.      
ANSWER: D

The ________________ stage in Piaget's theory is the stage ending with the infant ability to acquire a new cognitive understanding, called object permanence.    
A.  A. preoperational    
B.   B. sensorimotor    
C.  C. concrete operational    
D.  D. formal operational    
E.      
ANSWER: B