"The personal awareness of mental activities, internal sensations, and the environment," according to the textbook, is the definition of    
A.  A. sleep.    
B.   B. consciousness.    
C.  C. wakefulness.    
D.  D. alpha state.    
E.      
ANSWER: B

"Consciousness is like a stream or a river; it is continuous and cannot be divided or broken down into component parts." This description of consciousness is attributed to    
A.  A. Sigmund Freud.    
B.  B. Wilhelm Wundt.    
C.   C. William James.    
D.  D. Michael Stevenson.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

According to the textbook, the study of ________________ takes into account the role of psychological, physiological, social, and cultural influences.    
A.  A. sociology    
B.  B. cellular structures    
C.  C. computers    
D.   D. consciousness    
E.      
ANSWER: D

Circadian rhythms as described in the video not only are responsible for when you go to sleep and when you wake but they also affect    
A.  A. stress from the day.    
B.   B. your mental alertness.    
C.  C. your appetite.    
D.  D. perception of pain.    
E.      
ANSWER: B

In the video, Margaret White explained that we spend approximately 5 percent of our sleep in    
A.   A. stage 1.    
B.  B. stage 2.    
C.  C. stage 3.    
D.  D. stage 4.    
E.      
ANSWER: A

In the video, psychologist Michael Stevenson explained that when a person is asleep, he or she is    
A.  A. in a comatose state.    
B.  B. unable to sense the external environment.    
C.   C. in an altered state of consciousness.    
D.  D. in a circadian rhythm.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

Alpha, theta, and delta are the early stages of    
A.  A. circadian rhythm.    
B.  B. jet lag.    
C.   C. sleep.    
D.  D. wakefulness.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

Divided into four stages, this type of sleep, known as _______________, is also called quiet sleep.    
A.   A. NREM sleep    
B.  B. REM sleep    
C.  C. alpha-induced sleep    
D.  D. electroencephalograph sleep    
E.      
ANSWER: A

One sleep technique was illustrated in the video by Ray Casillas, who used what familiar thing to help him sleep?    
A.  A. a radio    
B.  B. a book    
C.   C. a fan    
D.  D. a candle    
E.      
ANSWER: C

In the video, Ray and his family did many things to help them sleep, including    
A.   A. using calming routines and familiar objects.    
B.  B. watching television.    
C.  C. drinking something just before going to bed.    
D.  D. securing the home so that everyone feels safe and protected.    
E.      
ANSWER: A

During NREM sleep, dreams are usually nonexistent, with most dreams occurring during REM period. REM means    
A.  A. remember.    
B.   B. revolving member.    
C.  C. resistant eye molecule.    
D.  D. rapid eye movement.    
E.      
ANSWER: B

The stage of sleep accompanied by considerable physical arousal is known as    
A.  A. alpha stage.    
B.   B. REM stage.    
C.  C. theta stage.    
D.  D. delta stage.    
E.      
ANSWER: B

Over the lifespan, from fetus to super senior (60+ years), our REM and NREM sleep tends on the average to    
A.  A. increase.    
B.  B. decrease.    
C.   C. remain stable.    
D.  D. vary.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

The most common sleep complaint as reported in the video is    
A.  A. daytime tiredness.    
B.  B. sleep apnea.    
C.   C. insomnia.    
D.  D. sleepwalking.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

Most of the common major sleep disorders are insomnia, sleep apnea, sleepwalking, and night terrors, as well as narcolepsy. While narcolepsy is considered a sleep disorder, it actually does occur during the    
A.  A. middle of the night.    
B.   B. day.    
C.  C. early morning.    
D.  D. night.    
E.      
ANSWER: B

A little known and recently identified sleep disorder seems to mostly occur in men over 60 and involves acting out one's dreams which can cause harm to the dreamer and/or the sleep partner. It is called    
A.  A. alpha sleep.    
B.   B. REM sleep behavior disorder.    
C.  C. NREM sleep behavior disorder.    
D.  D. theta sleep.    
E.      
ANSWER: B

In regard to dreams, Freud proposed that there were narratives which expressed fulfillment of the individual's unfulfilled hopes and expectations; the _________________ theory, however, maintains that dream stories are the result of automatic activation of brain-stem circuits.    
A.   A. activation-synthesis    
B.  B. restoration    
C.  C. hypnosis    
D.  D. active NREM    
E.      
ANSWER: A

The textbook authors maintain that ________________ explanation of dreams does not view dreams as automatic, meaningless reactions to brain activity. Instead, they report that "the meaning is to be found not by decoding the dream symbols, but by analyzing the way the dreamer makes sense of the progression of chaotic dream images."    
A.  A. Freudian interpretation    
B.   B. activation-synthesis    
C.  C. posthypnotic theory    
D.  D. latent-content analysis    
E.      
ANSWER: B

Freud proposed that dreams have two components: the ______________ content, or the actual dream images, and the _______________ content, or the symbolic, hidden meaning of the dream.    
A.   A. manifest; latent    
B.  B. latent; manifest    
C.  C. hypnotic; posthypnotic    
D.  D. posthypnotic; hypnotic    
E.      
ANSWER: A

One interesting theory regarding hypnosis regards the hypnotic effect as resulting from the splitting of consciousness into two simultaneous streams of mental activity, only one of which the participant is aware. This theory is called    
A.  A. posthypnotic effect.    
B.   B. neodissociation theory.    
C.  C. dream control.    
D.  D. hypermnesia.    
E.      
ANSWER: B

________________ can be defined as a unique state of consciousness in which a person responds to suggestions with changes in perception, memory, and behavior.    
A.  A. Sleep disorders    
B.   B. Hypnosis    
C.  C. Unconsciousness    
D.  D. Posthypnotic amnesia    
E.      
ANSWER: B

Characteristics of the ________________ include increased responsiveness to suggestions, vivid images, and fantasies, and a willingness to accept distortions of logic or reality.    
A.  A. activation state    
B.   B. hypnotic state    
C.  C. posthypnotic state    
D.  D. unconscious state    
E.      
ANSWER: B

Common to all forms of meditation is the goal of    
A.   A. controlling attention.    
B.  B. developing concentration by focusing awareness.    
C.  C. opening up awareness.    
D.  D. spiritual development.    
E.      
ANSWER: A

When we think of the phrases "induce an altered state of focused attention and heightened awareness," we are probably thinking of    
A.  A. hypnosis.    
B.  B. early evening sleep.    
C.  C. late evening sleep.    
D.   D. meditation.    
E.      
ANSWER: D

Psychoactive drugs alter consciousness by changing arousal, mood, thinking, sensation, and perception. The four broad categories of psychoactive drugs are    
A.  A. depressants, barbiturates, opiates, and stimulants.    
B.   B. psychedelics, stimulants, opiates, and depressants.    
C.  C. stimulants, tranquilizers, opiates, and psychedelics.    
D.  D. depressants, opiates, psychedelics, and amphetamines.    
E.      
ANSWER: B