Sensation is the process of detecting _________________, such as light, sound, heat, or pressure.    
A.   A. physical stimuli    
B.  B. psychic stimuli    
C.  C. thoughts    
D.  D. sensations    
E.      
ANSWER: A

Sensation is first received in the    
A.  A. muscles.    
B.  B. brain.    
C.   C. sense receptors.    
D.  D. nerves.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

________________ is a process by which a form of physical energy is converted into a signal that can be processed by the nervous system.    
A.  A. Sensation    
B.   B. Transduction    
C.  C. Perception    
D.  D. Selective attention    
E.      
ANSWER: B

Sensation refers to the detection and basic sensory experience of environmental stimuli, while ___________________ refers to our integration, organization, and interpretation of sensory data to meaningful information.    
A.   A. perception    
B.  B. selective attention    
C.  C. sense receptors    
D.  D. recoding phenomenon    
E.      
ANSWER: A

In the video, Dr. Bagrash informed us that the transforming, or recoding, of information from the language of the physical world into the language of the nervous system is called    
A.  A. recoding phenomenon.    
B.   B. transduction.    
C.  C. sensory reorganization.    
D.  D. the physical-neural connection.    
E.      
ANSWER: B

As explained in the video, ________________ are specialized nerve cells that allow us to extract information from the environment.    
A.  A. neurons    
B.  B. glial cells    
C.   C. sensory receptors    
D.  D. transduction nerves    
E.      
ANSWER: C

Weber's law is the principle that the size of the ________________ will vary depending on its relation to the strength of the original stimulus.    
A.  A. figure-ground reversal    
B.  B. top-down processing    
C.   C. just noticeable difference    
D.  D. perceptual set    
E.      
ANSWER: C

________________ refers to the smallest possible strength of a stimulus that can be detected, for example, one teaspoon of sugar in two gallons of water or the tick of a watch at 20 feet.    
A.  A. Figure-ground reversal    
B.  B. Perceptual set    
C.   C. Absolute threshold    
D.  D. Sensory receptors    
E.      
ANSWER: C

The just noticeable difference is also called    
A.   A. difference threshold.    
B.  B. top-down processing.    
C.  C. transduction.    
D.  D. sensation.    
E.      
ANSWER: A

You live within a few blocks of a busy freeway, and after the first week or so you become unaware of the constant hum. We could say this is an example of    
A.  A. selective attention.    
B.  B. sensory deprivation.    
C.  C. auditory blending.    
D.   D. sensory adaptation.    
E.      
ANSWER: D

Olfactory receptor cells respond to    
A.  A. vibrations in the air.    
B.  B. wavelengths of light.    
C.   C. chemical molecules in the air.    
D.  D. chemical molecules in the mouth.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

In the video, when food critic Kelly von Hemert inhaled odor molecules, they stimulated her    
A.   A. olfactory receptors.    
B.  B. nasal cavity.    
C.  C. taste buds.    
D.  D. neural pathways.    
E.      
ANSWER: A

The process of sensory adaptation includes the gradual ________________ in sensitivity to a constant stimulus.    
A.  A. increase    
B.   B. decrease    
C.  C. leveling off    
D.  D. equalizing    
E.      
ANSWER: B

The receptor cells for smell and taste respond to    
A.  A. the electromagnetic spectrum.    
B.  B. neural stimulation in the same way as other sensory receptors.    
C.   C. chemical stimulation.    
D.  D. airborne, water-based chemicals.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

The __________________ is the opening in the middle of the iris that changes size to let in different amounts of light.    
A.   A. pupil    
B.  B. hammer    
C.  C. optic nerve    
D.  D. glial cell    
E.      
ANSWER: A

The __________________ is that thick bundle of axons that carries information from the back of the eye to the brain.    
A.  A. pupil    
B.  B. hammer    
C.   C. optic nerve    
D.  D. glial cell    
E.      
ANSWER: C

We could say that _________________ is a process of detecting airborne chemical molecules through the use of olfactory receptor cells.    
A.  A. sense of hearing    
B.   B. sense of smell    
C.  C. sense of taste    
D.  D. sense of vision    
E.      
ANSWER: B

___________________ are the specialized sensory receptors that are located on the tongue and inside the mouth.    
A.  A. Hair cells    
B.  B. Semicircular canals    
C.   C. Taste buds    
D.  D. Optic nerves    
E.      
ANSWER: C

Information processing that emphasizes the importance of the observer's knowledge and expectations in forming perceptions is called    
A.  A. bottom-up processing.    
B.   B. top-down processing.    
C.  C. perceptual set.    
D.  D. perceptual constancy.    
E.      
ANSWER: B

In the video, a Christmas tree was used to help explain the concept of    
A.   A. bottom-up processing.    
B.  B. top-down processing.    
C.  C. visual discrimination.    
D.  D. the Gestalt principle of organization.    
E.      
ANSWER: A

As illustrated in the video, a computer could be used to stimulate various sensations; this process is called    
A.   A. virtual reality.    
B.  B. figure-ground.    
C.  C. the computer-generated sensory input model.    
D.  D. fourth-dimension production.    
E.      
ANSWER: A

__________________ processing emphasizes the importance of the raw sensory data in detecting perception, whereas _________________ processing emphasizes the importance of the observer's cognitive processes in arriving at meaningful perceptions.    
A.  A. Top-down; bottom-up    
B.   B. Bottom-up; top-down    
C.  C. Figure-ground; top-down    
D.  D. Visual discrimination; sensory reorganization    
E.      
ANSWER: B

The process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensory information in a way that is meaningful is called    
A.  A. hearing.    
B.  B. sensation.    
C.   C. perception.    
D.  D. top-down processing.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

As we interact with our environment, many of our perceptions are shaped by ________________, which is also referred to as conceptually driven processing.    
A.  A. hearing    
B.  B. sensation    
C.  C. perception    
D.   D. top-down processing    
E.      
ANSWER: D

As you walk down a street, the shape, size, and location of everything around you keeps changing, yet you experience your surroundings as stable. This stability is called     
A.  A. figure-ground.    
B.  B. binocular cues.    
C.   C. perceptual constancy.    
D.  D. perceptual set.    
E.      
ANSWER: C

The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging despite changes in sensory input promotes a stable view of the world and is called    
A.  A. perceptual law of similarity.    
B.  B. figure-ground.    
C.  C. binocular cues.    
D.   D. perceptual constancy.    
E.      
ANSWER: D

According to the laws of perceptual grouping, we tend to group elements together to arrive at the __________________ of forms, shapes, and figures.    
A.  A. sensation    
B.  B. perceptional grouping    
C.   C. perceptual constancies    
D.  D. depth perception    
E.      
ANSWER: C

Which sense lets you know if you are moving?    
A.  A. equilibrium    
B.   B. kinesthesis    
C.  C. olfaction    
D.  D. somatic nervous system    
E.      
ANSWER: B

The ability to perceive the distance of an object as well as the three-dimensional characteristics of an object is called    
A.   A. depth perception.    
B.  B. perceptional grouping.    
C.  C. top-down processing.    
D.  D. sensory receptor.    
E.      
ANSWER: A

________________ refers to the perceptual principle that states that we automatically separate the elements of a perception into the feature that clearly stands out and its less distinct background.    
A.  A. Perceptual constancy    
B.  B. Equilibrium    
C.   C. Figure and ground    
D.  D. Middle ear    
E.      
ANSWER: C

_________________ explain(s) how perceptions become organized, and includes the principles of similarity, closure, good continuation, and proximity.    
A.  A. Weber's law    
B.   B. Gestalt principles    
C.  C. Parallax    
D.  D. Absolute threshold    
E.      
ANSWER: B

In the video, the narrator explained that the German word _________________ roughly translated, means unified whole, form, or shape.    
A.  A. Prägnanz    
B.   B. Gestalt    
C.  C. Müller    
D.  D. Duncker    
E.      
ANSWER: B

Our ________________ usually lead us to reasonably accurate conclusions. If they didn't, we would soon develop new ones so that the world would make sense to us.    
A.  A. sensory receptors    
B.   B. perceptual sets    
C.  C. perceptual illusions    
D.  D. sensory receptors    
E.      
ANSWER: B

When viewed on the horizon, the moon appears considerably larger than when it is viewed higher in the sky. This is an example of ________________.    
A.   A. perceptual illusion    
B.  B. perceptual set    
C.  C. perceptual grouping    
D.  D. perceptual constancies    
E.      
ANSWER: A