The four basic goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict, and _________________ behavior and mental processes.    
 A. discover and treat   
 * B. control and/or influence   
 C. research   
 D. direct   
    

The Hockenbury textbook tells us that scientists use the _________________ to achieve these goals.    
 * A. scientific method   
 B. antisurgery method   
 C. vegetarian subsidies   
 D. health department   
    

The steps in the scientific method include formulate a testable hypothesis, design the study and collect the data, analyze the data and draw conclusions, and    
 A. advise the participants of their best answers.   
 * B. report the findings.   
 C. file the findings in your disk.   
 D. start another research project.   
    

The scientific method entails a series of steps. After the first step (formulate a hypothesis), which of the following is the next step?    
 A. replicate the study   
 * B. design a study and collect data   
 C. analyze the data and form conclusions   
 D. apply the findings to solve human problems   
    

We can say that the scientific method is a set of assumptions, attitudes, and _________________ that guide researchers.    
 A. theories   
 * B. procedures   
 C. policies   
 D. concepts   
    

In the video, Dr. Elaine Vaughan explained that the scientific method could be viewed as a way of _________________ problems.    
 A. theorizing about   
 B. promulgating   
 C. ignoring   
 * D. thinking about   
    

A hypothesis could be described as a(n)    
 A. conclusion of your research.   
 * B. tentative statement of the relationship between two or more variables.   
 C. research design.   
 D. operational definition.   
    

When we look for evidence that is based on observation and measurement, we are using _________________.    
 A. pseudoscience   
 * B. empirical evidence   
 C. a case study   
 D. naturalistic research   
    

We call the rational method of evaluating evidence while trying to minimize the influence of preconceptions and biases    
 A. naturalistic research.   
 B. experimental method.   
 * C. critical thinking.   
 D. case studies.   
    

We could also describe a hypothesis as the formulation of a question that can be    
 * A. tested.   
 B. observed.   
 C. discussed.   
 D. criticized.   
    

By the concept of descriptive methods of research, textbook authors Don and Sandra Hockenbury mean that    
 A. the research is designed to find causation.   
 B. the final report will describe the researcher.   
 * C. this is a research method selected to observe and describe behavior.   
 D. the research will limit the number of hypothesis described.   
    

The three basic types of descriptive research are    
 A. experimental, case study, and observational.   
 B. experimental, naturalistic observation, and surveys.   
 * C. naturalistic observation, case studies, and survey method   
 D. experimental, surveys, and assessment instruments.   
    

In comparing descriptive research to experimental research, we might state that descriptive research is used to observe and describe behavior and experimental research is used to demonstrate _________________ relationships.    
 A. correlational relationships   
 B. assessments of   
 * C. cause-and-effect   
 D. control group   
    

The three categories of descriptive research include    
 * A. naturalistic observation, case studies, and surveys.   
 B. naturalistic observation, laboratory experimentation, and case studies.   
 C. laboratory observation, naturalistic observation, and meta-analysis.   
 D. placebo control, case studies, and surveys.   
    

One category of descriptive research involves systematically observing and recording behaviors in their natural setting. This descriptive research method is called    
 A. the conduct of case studies.   
 B. the conduct of surveys.   
 * C. naturalistic observation.   
 D. laboratory observation.   
    

A category of descriptive research that involves studying one individual intensely is termed    
 A. naturalistic observation.   
 B. laboratory observation.   
 * C. case study.   
 D. experimental method.   
    

Craig Anderson, a researcher in the video, explained that one of the main advantages of ________________ methodologies is that the results can lead to real insights.    
 A. naturalistic observation   
 B. experimental research   
 * C. descriptive research   
 D. scientific   
    

The correlational research method seeks to    
 A. establish a cause-and-effect relation.   
 B. establish ethical guidelines.   
 * C. examine how strongly two variables are related to one another.   
 D. a, b, and c.   
    

The textbook authors propose that a good example of the use of the ________________ study is to answer the question regarding the relationship between stress and our likelihood to catch a cold.    
 A. naturalistic   
 B. experimental   
 * C. correlational   
 D. case study   
    

The textbook authors tell us that research indicates that a _______________ correlation exists between years of education and average annual earnings; in other words, as years of education increase, so do the average yearly earnings.    
 * A. positive   
 B. negative   
 C. insignificant   
 D. significant   
    

The correlational research design differs from experimental in that    
 * A. a correlational study examines the strength between two variables, while the experimental method seeks a cause-and-effect relationship.   
 B. a correlational study examines seeks a cause-and-effect relationship, while the experimental methods examines the strength between two variables.   
 C. the experimental method verifies that two factors are related, while the correlational study examines the strength between two variables.   
 D. a correlational study is not an ethical research method, whereas the experimental method is highly ethical.   
    

Anderson and Dill reported in the video that they had used the following two research methods to study video games and aggressive behavior:    
 A. naturalistic and case study methods.   
 B. case study and laboratory observation methods.   
 C. assessment instruments and case study methods.   
 * D. correlational and experimental methods.   
    

Statistics are an intrinsic tool in research because they summarize the data they collect and    
 A. employ statisticians.   
 B. use personal opinion to help in determining conclusions.   
 C. are manipulated by the researcher.   
 * D. draw conclusions about the data.   
    

