The era 1945-1980 in European history can be described as the era of 
A. Imperialism 
B. Global disarmament 
C. The Cold War 
D. Enlightenment 
ANSWER: C
Immediately after World War II 
A. The Soviet Union installed Communist governments in Eastern Europe 
B. The United States installed capitalist governments in Eastern Europe 
C. The Soviet Union annexed all former German colonies in Africa and Asia 
D. The United States annexed all former German colonies in Asia and Africa 
ANSWER: A
The Cold War can be said to have begun when 
A. A major military clash between American and Soviet troops occurred in Germany 
B. Stalin refused to permit freely elected governments in areas of Eastern Europe controlled by his troops 
C. The Untied States used military force to prevent a Communist takeover of Great Britain 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: B
The American idea for massive economic aid to Europe after World War II was called 
A. The Marshall Plan 
B. The Triple Alliance 
C. NATO 
D. The Triple Entente 
ANSWER: A
The Cold War spread because 
A. The ideological clash between Capitalism and Communism 
B. Of major disagreements between the United States and the Soviet union over the economic and political fate of Germany 
C. Of the development of two important alliances, NATO and the Warsaw Pact 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: D
In Asia the Cold war 
A. Led to a Japanese economic collapse 
B. Led to the collapse of Communist China 
C. Led to the Korean War and the Vietnam War 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: C
The Vietnam War began as a conflict opposing the colonial rule of 
A. Britain 
B. France 
C. The Netherlands 
D. The United States 
ANSWER: B
The American action during the Cold War that led to the greatest internal dissent in and criticism of the United States in other countries was 
A. The Korean War 
B. The Marshall Plan 
C. The Vietnam War 
D. The Cuban Missile Crisis 
ANSWER: C
Under the rule of Mao Zedong, communist China did all of the following except 
A. Undertake economic decentralization and free-market activities 
B. Became embroiled in a border dispute with the Soviet Union 
C. Attempted a program of forced industrialization called the "Great Leap Forward" 
D. Attempted to regenerate revolutionary spirit with the "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution" 
ANSWER: A
Choose the statement that best describes the situation in post-World War II Asia 
A. China, under Mao Zedong, was able to conquer Korea and Vietnam 
B. The United States was able to dominate all the major Asian countries 
C. Japan rebuilt its economy to become a major economic, though not a major political, power 
D. Russia expanded its Asian power by controlling Afghanistan 
ANSWER: C
Pick out the statement that best describes the course of the Cold War 
A. It started with a Soviet invasion of West Germany 
B. It continued until the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990's 
C. It ended after the Cuban missile crisis because neither the Soviet Union nor the United States wished to repeat that situation 
D. It started with Stalin and died with Stalin 
ANSWER: B
The Cold War in Latin America 
A. Revolved especially around the Marxist government of Castro's Cuba 
B. Was virtually nonexistent 
C. Involved only countries in South America 
D. Led to a Communist takeover of the Panama Canal 
ANSWER: A
Stalin's plans for Eastern Europe after World War II included 
A. Cooperation with the West and with the Marshall Plan 
B. Imposition not only of Soviet-style governments but also of Soviet economic planning and agricultural collectivization 
C. Opening of Eastern Europe to capitalist development 
D. None of the above 
ANSWER: B
The real successor of Stalin, after two years of collective rule, was 
A. Gorbachev 
B. Rasputin 
C. Khrushchev 
D. Yeltsin 
ANSWER: C
As the real successor of Stalin, Khrushchev 
A. Denounced Stalin's repression 
B. Permitted authors to publish works somewhat critical of the Soviet regime 
C. Brutally suppressed a revolt in Hungary, hanging its leader 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: D
The Berlin Wall 
A. Was built by the United States to keep Russian troops out of West Berlin 
B. Was built by the Soviet union and East Germany to prevent East Germans from leaving for the west 
C. Was Built by Hitler as part of his racist policies 
D. None of the above 
ANSWER: B
The reforms in Communist Czechoslovakia in 1968 
A. Were crushed by massive Soviet intervention 
B. Were initiated by the Soviet Union 
C. Led to the immediate breakup of the Soviet Union 
D. Were actively promoted by the United States 
ANSWER: A
Many post-World War II western European countries 
A. Nationalized banks, insurance companies and electrical utilities, placing them under the direction of government bureaucrats 
B. Developed a welfare state with health care benefits, family allowances, and government-run nursery schools 
C. Undertook government-sponsored economic planning 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: D
The post World War II organization that united the economies of most Western European countries was 
A. NATO 
B. The Triple Alliance 
C. The Common Market 
D. The League of Nations 
ANSWER: C
The European Common Market 
A. Forced its members to abandon the welfare state 
B. Alienated the United States, which raised its tariffs in opposition 
C. Led to Communist takeovers in France and Italy 
D. None of the above 
ANSWER: D
Within Soviet Eastern Europe 
A. The Communist Party developed a privileged elite with special access to a higher standard of living 
B. Women were more likely to be engaged in heavy manual labor than their Western counterparts 
C. The countries were unable to meet the demands of their citizens for a higher standard of living and more individual freedoms 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: D
Western Europe between 1955 and 1980 
A. Failed to keep pace with the economic development of Eastern Europe 
B. Saw unprecedented levels of prosperity and abundant consumer goods 
C. After a struggle, regained most of the European colonies 
D. None of the above 
ANSWER: B
After World War II, Asia and Africa 
A. Became totally subject to the United States, which replaced European colonial powers 
B. Engaged in their own great wars, which led to immense destruction on both continents 
C. Obtained their independence from European colonial powers 
D. Saw Communist regimes established in the great majority of Asian and African countries 
ANSWER: C
Which of the following areas did not have a history of serious colonial conflicts after World War II? 
A. Southeast Asia 
B. South America 
C. Africa 
D. The Middle East 
ANSWER: B
The man who developed the idea of passive resistance in order to achieve Indian independence from Britain was 
A. Gandhi 
B. Mao Zedong 
C. Ho Chi Minh 
D. Saddam Hussein 
ANSWER: A
After independence from Britain, India 
A. Became a dictatorship under Gandhi 
B. Had serious strife with Pakistan, especially over Kashmir 
C. Became a Communist state 
D. None of the above 
ANSWER: B
Which of the following was not a major colonial power in Southeast Asia? 
A. Great Britain 
B. France 
C. Spain 
D. The Netherlands 
ANSWER: C
The state of Israel 
A. Was a product of a Jewish nationalist movement, Zionism 
B. Was established in Central Africa 
C. Was welcomed by its Arab neighbors 
D. Was not supported by any European country 
ANSWER: A
Arab reaction between 1945 and 1980 to the creation of Israel led to 
A. Four wars between Egypt and Israel 
B. An early diplomatic recognition of Israel by most Arab states 
C. An offer to share control of the Suez Canal with Israel 
D. None of the above 
ANSWER: A
French control of Algeria 
A. Was supported by European settlers in Algeria and by the French military, stung by its defeat in Vietnam 
B. Was opposed by virtually the entire Arab population of Algeria 
C. Was ended by Charles de Gaulle after he returned to power in France 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: D
The first Black president of South Africa was 
A. Mohandas Gandhi 
B. Martin Luther King 
C. Mao Zedong 
D. Nelson Mandela 
ANSWER: D
For much of the period 1948 to 1990, South Africa was characterized by 
A. A very rigid racial segregation called Apartheid 
B. A very strong, anti-Israel, Arab nationalism 
C. By an open, multiracial society while the United States sill practiced racial segregation 
D. None of the above 
ANSWER: A
It can be said of decolonization 
A. That in many countries, especially in Africa, it led to instability and rule by military dictators 
B. That the illogical boundaries left by colonial powers helped generate many ethnic conflicts in Asia and Africa 
C. That most of the new countries remained poor, trying to sell raw materials to the industrialized countries 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: D
A popular philosophy after World War II, exemplified by Jean-Paul Sartre was 
A. Altruism 
B. Existentialism 
C. Scholasticism 
D. Libertarianism 
ANSWER: B
The student movements of the 1960s and 1970s 
A. Supported the United States in the Vietnam War 
B. Overthrew de Gaulle in France 
C. Did not criticize the fundamentals of Western Society 
D. None of the above 
ANSWER: D
A very important feminist, author of The Second Sex, was 
A. Mary Wollstonecraft 
B. Simone de Beauvoir 
C. Emmeline Pankhurst 
D. Margaret Thatcher 
ANSWER: B
Simone de Beauvoir 
A. Was the author of The Second Sex 
B. In spite of her later feminism, spent most of her intellectual life as a advocate of Socialism 
C. Was famous for her long-term relationship with Jean-Paul Sartre 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: D
The major cause of the "stagflation" of the 1970s-slow economic growth accompanied by inflation-was 
A. The major increase in the price of oil engineered by OPEC 
B. Excessive government spending on social welfare programs 
C. Excessive government taxation 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: A
The oil crisis and "stagflation" of the 1970's led to 
A. Major political gains by Communist parties in Western Europe 
B. A growing discrimination in Europe against immigrants, especially those from outside of Europe 
C. The dissolution of the Common Market 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: B
During the 1970s and 1980s the political climate in many European countries shifted leftward. An exception was 
A. West Germany 
B. France 
C. Britain 
D. Spain 
ANSWER: C
The first female Prime Minister of Britain was 
A. Emmiline Pankhurst 
B. Margaret Thatcher 
C. Mary Wollstonecraft 
D. Jane Austen
ANSWER: B
 
The part of Europe that probably suffered the most from domestic terrorism in the 1970's and 1980's was 
A. Norway 
B. Northern Ireland 
C. Belgium 
D. Switzerland 
ANSWER: B
The term "Post-Industrial Society" meant in a post-World War II context 
A. Traditional manufacturing became less important in the economies of the major countries 
B. There was a major shift of population from urban to farm life 
C. The number of inventions began to decline, rapidly slowing industrial progress 
D. None of the above 
ANSWER: A
Society in recent, or "post-industrial" Europe 
A. Saw a major increase of the agricultural population 
B. Saw a major increase in the birth rate immediately after World War II, followed by an equally major decline 
C. Saw major housing problems and a lack of household appliances 
D. Saw fewer women entering the work force 
ANSWER: B
Pick out the incorrect statement about family changes between 1960 and 1980 
A. Greater employment of women led to greater gender equality 
B. Children spent much more time in school 
C. The number of children in the families declined 
D. The divorce rate declined 
ANSWER: D
The "Sexual Revolution" of "Post-Industrial" society in Europe 
A. Led to a major increase in birth rates 
B. Was often suppressed by religious authorities 
C. Was mostly confined to the middle aged rather than to the youth 
D. None of the above 
ANSWER: D
Which of the following was not developed by "Big Science" during or after World War II 
A. The structure of DNA 
B. The Moon landings 
C. Radio 
D. The personal computer 
ANSWER: C
Twentieth century medicine has accomplished all of the following except 
A. Eradicating a major disease, smallpox 
B. Undertake organ replacement 
C. Find a cure for cancer 
D. Develop expensive new machines such as CAT scanners for improved diagnosis of diseases 
ANSWER: C
Stalin refused to permit freely elected governments in Eastern Europe.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
The Berlin Blockade of 1948-1949 was initiated by the United States.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
American military aid to countries threatened by Communist takeovers was called the Marshall Plan.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
By 1955, two hostile military alliances, NATO and the Warsaw Pact, had been formed in Europe.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
The Korean War began with an invasion of Korea by the Soviet Union.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
Through his "Great Leap Forward" and "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution" Mao Zedong tried to communize China more thoroughly than the Soviet Union had ever attempted to do.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
The dtente demonstrated in the Helsinki accords lasted well into the 1980s.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
Khrushchev erected the Berlin Wall not to keep out invaders but to keep East Germans from leaving.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
In 1964 Brezhnev replaced Khrushchev as the supreme Soviet leader.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
Post-World War II western European countries rejected government economic planning.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
Jean Monnet is deservedly famous as the architect of the Common Market.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
Both the United States and the Soviet Union, though for different reasons, favored the end of European colonial empires after 1945.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
Gandhi was assassinated in part because he refused to quell the Hindu-Moslem violence in India.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
Great Britain was able to regain control of the Suez Canal in 1956 because of Israel's defeat of Egypt.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
The newly independent African countries were generally democratic in both form and spirit.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
During the era 1940-1990 South Africa was notorious for its very rigid racial segregation.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
The existential world was an amoral purposeless world where individuals had to take personal responsibility for their actions.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
France was unusual in the 1960s for its lack of student protests.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
Simone de Beauvoir's book The Second Sex, has been considered the twentieth century's pivotal book about the conditions of women.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
The oil crisis of the 1970s had its origins in a Southeast Asian War.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
Margaret Thatcher, as Prime Minister of Britain, followed a leftward, socialist economic policy.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
France was nearly torn apart by terrorist activities in the 1970s and 1980s.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
"Post-industrial" society meant that the service sectors of the economies of the United States and many western European states were becoming more important than the manufacturing sector.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
By the 1980s in the major industrial countries, the agricultural population was about ten percent of the total, almost the reverse of what usually prevailed throughout the history of most civilizations.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
Post-1945 science was usually carried out by individuals working in isolation.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
The voyages to the moon demonstrated how powerful the combination of government, science, and nationalism could be.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
