World War I 
A. Led to troops from several continents fighting in Europe 
B. Led to trench warfare and very high casualties 
C. Was a factor in causing the Russian Revolution 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: D
The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, the immediate trigger of World War I, took place in 
A. Sarajevo 
B. Vienna 
C. Istanbul 
D. Berlin 
ANSWER: A
Of all the "isms" of the 19th Century, the one most directly involved in the onset of World War I was 
A. Liberalism 
B. Socialism 
C. Conservatism 
D. Nationalism 
ANSWER: D
The era preceding the outbreak of World War I 
A. Saw a decline of nationalist sentiment 
B. Saw the formation of an alliance system that pitted Germany, Austria, and Italy against Great Britain, France, and Russia 
C. Saw Scandinavia become a dangerous flash point for unrestricted nationalism 
D. Saw a strong tendency towards international disarmament 
ANSWER: B
After the assassination of the Archduke Ferdinand 
A. Germany gave Austria an unconditional offer of support, the "blank check" 
B. Russia immediately declared war on France 
C. The United States entered the war on the side of Germany 
D. An international Congress was held in Vienna to resolve the tensions 
ANSWER: A
At the beginning of World War I 
A. Socialists who had always declared their opposition to any war strongly supported established governments and even canceled strikes 
B. Young men went enthusiastically to war, expecting the thrill of a lifetime and a return home by Christmas 
C. Feminists suspended their political demands and supported the all-male governments 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: D
The Schlieffen Plan 
A. Was a last minute effort to avoid war in 1914 
B. Led to the German capture of Paris in 1914 
C. Was the plot to assassinate the Archduke Ferdinand of Austria 
D. None of the above 
ANSWER: D
The Western Front during World War I 
A. Saw a quick German victory over the outnumbered British 
B. Saw trench warfare and high casualties 
C. Was not decisive; Russian victories in the east ended the war 
D. Saw the French defeat Austria 
ANSWER: B
In 1916, Germans tried to bleed French manpower through a massive assault on 
A. Verdun 
B. Tannenberg 
C. The Marne 
D. Paris 
ANSWER: A
Russia in World War I 
A. Switched sides, joining Austrian and Germany 
B. Suffered a series of defeats by Germany and ultimately collapsed 
C. Rescued Serbia from Austrian domination 
D. Conquered the Ottoman Empire 
ANSWER: B
World War I is often considered a total war because 
A. Every nation in the world was involved 
B. Because of the great variety of weapons used 
C. The war had major effects on the home front as well as on the battlefield 
D. Because all European countries became totalitarian dictatorships, anticipating Hitler and Stalin 
ANSWER: C
The home front during World War I 
A. Was irrelevant to the battlefield 
B. Saw governments end economic regulation in order to stimulate wartime production 
C. Saw government undertake major regulations of production, consumption, wages, and prices 
D. Saw women confined to their homes, ostensibly in order to protect them from the war 
ANSWER: C
World War I affected women by 
A. Giving them jobs previously reserved for men 
B. Causing many women to feel torn between the demands of service to the country and to the family 
C. Making the idea of female suffrage more palatable to men 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: D
Germany ultimately lost World War I because 
A. The United States' entry into the war gave the British-French alliance enough manpower and materiel to halt the final Germany offensive and stage a winning counterattack 
B. The British succeeded thorough the convoy system in frustrating German u-boat attacks in the Atlantic 
C. The collapse of the Austrian and Ottoman Empires in October and November of 1918 left Germany dangerously isolated 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: D
Kthe Kollwitz was 
A. An important German female musician of the early 20th century 
B. An important German artist, doing propaganda a work for the German government during World War I 
C. A German artist who erected memorials to the fallen of World War I 
D. None of the above 
ANSWER: C
World War I was ended by the 
A. Peace of Westphalia 
B. Peace of Versailles 
C. The Congress of Vienna 
D. The Council of Trent 
ANSWER: B
The American president who participated at the peace conference of Versailles was 
A. Abraham Lincoln 
B. Dwight D. Eisenhower 
C. Woodrow Wilson 
D. John F. Kennedy 
ANSWER: C
Woodrow Wilson advocated all of the following at the Versailles conference except 
A. Open [diplomatic] covenants openly arrived at 
B. A permanent American presence in Europe 
C. A general association [league ] of nations to insure the maintenance of peace 
D. A just, non-vindictive peace with Germany 
ANSWER: B
At the peace settlement of Versailles after World War I 
A. Clemenceau, the French prime minister, desired a harsh peace to keep Germany harmless 
B. Wilson wished to divide Germany into several smaller republics 
C. Austria emerged with the greatest territorial gains 
D. Germany was declared not guilty for starting World War I 
ANSWER: A
The League of Nations after World War I 
A. Failed to include Germany and Russia as initial members 
B. Was warmly supported by the United States 
C. Had a small but well-trained peace keeping force 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: A
Which of the following best connects the Russian Revolutions of 1905 and 1917? 
A. Lenin and the Bolsheviks carefully planned both; 1905 was really a dress rehearsal for 1917 
B. Nicolas II basically went back on his liberal promises of 1905 and did nothing to change Russia's basic social and economic problems 
C. Both revolutions started with military coups by disaffected generals 
D. None of the above 
ANSWER: B
The Russian revolution of 1905 resulted in 
A. The abdication of Tsar Nicholas II 
B. The seizure of power by the Bolsheviks 
C. The calling of the Duma, a parliament 
D. None of the above 
ANSWER: C
During the First World War 
A. Nicholas II took command of the Russian armies, but only made the desperate military situation worse 
B. Lenin ordered the Bolsheviks to support the war and the Russian government 
C. Nicholas II liberalized the Duma in order to obtain support for the government 
D. Russian troops defeated the Germans, permitting Russian generals to state a coup against Nicholas II 
ANSWER: A
The Russian revolution of March, 1917 began 
A. In part because of Russian government failures during World War I 
B. With riots in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) because of food shortages 
C. In March, 1917; the Bolshevik seizure of power, making Russia Communist, occurred later, in November 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: D
The Bolsheviks 
A. Were a faction of the Russian Social Democratic party 
B. Were only a minor party in Russia until the revolution of March, 1917 
C. Were led by Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov, who used the revolutionary name of Lenin 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: C
The Provisional Government in Russia in 1917 failed because 
A. Nicholas II staged a successful countercoup, restoring autocratic rule 
B. The Austrian army captured Petrograd (St. Petersburg), dispersing the revolutionary government 
C. It could neither get out of an unpopular war nor satisfy the demands of the peasants for land 
D. None of the above 
ANSWER: C
The Bolsheviks in 1917 
A. Replaced the Provisional Government by winning democratic elections 
B. Seized power from the weak Provisional Government by a coup organized by Trotsky 
C. Rejected Lenin as their leader and turned to Stalin instead 
D. Joined with the German army in an effort to defeat the Triple Entente 
ANSWER: B
To consolidate Bolshevik power, Lenin did all of the following except 
A. Expropriate all the lands of the Russian Orthodox church 
B. Nationalize the land for distribution to the peasants 
C. Take over the system of soviets, or councils, democratic in theory but in practice dominated by a Communist minority 
D. Call a Constituent Assembly which provided a constitution giving the Bolsheviks a monopoly of political power 
ANSWER: D
The Communist primarily responsible for the Bolshevik military victory in the civil war that followed the Russian revolution was 
A. Trotsky 
B. Lenin 
C. Stalin 
D. Kerensky 
ANSWER: A
The Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia in November 1917 was followed by 
A. A civil war won by the Bolsheviks who consolidated their victory 
B. An alliance between Russia and Germany, dividing Eastern Europe between them 
C. The total collapse of the Communist regime 
D. The establishment of democracy in Russia 
ANSWER: A
The military alliance between Germany, Austria, and Italy in the early 20th century is called the Triple Alliance.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
Nationalism in the Balkans was complicated by the rivalry between Russia and Austria-Hungary for control of the area.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
In 1914, Germany had not counted on fighting France and Russia at the same time.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
Most Socialists, consistent with their Marxism and internationalism, opposed their country's involvement in World War I.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
One reason for the enormous number of casualties in World War I was that the generals ignored the defensive advantage of trenches.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
Demands for military equipment during World War I led governments to ration raw materials, fix prices, and lengthen the hours of work by factory workers.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
In World War I, men welcomed women into the work force, even into occupations traditionally held by men.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
The entry of the United States into World War I compelled German generals to gamble that they could defeat Britain and France before American manpower and materiel arrived in significant quantity.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
Marshal Foch of France easily repulsed the German offensive of the spring and summer of 1918.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
Kthe Kolwitz was a German propagandist who wrote several pamphlets glorifying war.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
At Versailles, Clemenceau, the French Prime Minister, wanted a harsh peace that would render Germany harmless.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
Some of the contemporary ethnic divisions and conflicts outside of Europe have some of their origins in the colonial rearrangement that resulted from World War I.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
The League of Nations was provided with a small but well-trained peace keeping force.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
John Maynard Keynes, a critic of the Versailles settlement, argued that the peacemakers had made no provision for the economic rebuilding of Europe.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
The Russian loss of the 1904-5 war with Japan was one of the triggering events of the 1905 revolution.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
A major mistake by Nicholas II in World War I was his refusal to direct military affairs.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
The inability of the Russian government during World War I to assure an adequate food supply for the major cities was an important immediate cause of the revolution of March, 1917.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
The Russian government that followed the end of the monarchy undertook an immediate socialist program.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
Even before the November, 1917 revolution that placed the Bolsheviks in power, there had been major popular demonstrations against the Provisional government and its Socialist leader, Kerensky.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
The Constituent Assembly in Russia, dominated by the Bolsheviks, produced a constitution that was a thinly disguised Communist dictatorship.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
In the Russian civil war the "Reds" defeated the "Whites" because of the brilliant efforts of Trotsky.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
