The French Revolution was in part precipitated 
A. By the ambitions of Napoleon Bonaparte 
B. By a conspiracy headed by Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau 
C. By a major financial crisis that weakened monarchical government 
D. By the defeat of the French army in America by George Washington 
ANSWER: C
The king of France at the beginning of the French Revolution was 
A. Louis XVI 
B. Louis IX 
C. Henry IV 
D. Charles V 
ANSWER: A
The most important cause of the French financial crisis of the late 1780's was 
A. Growing poverty caused by the collapse of trade with Canada 
B. An inadequate taxation and banking system 
C. A massive refusal to pay taxes, caused by the spread of Enlightenment ideas 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: B
On the eve of the French Revolution, the nobility, the middle classes, Enlightenment intellectuals, and peasants all had disagreements with the monarch. Which of the following sets of disagreements is not accurately described? 
A. The nobility resented the loss of their privileges and the ending of serfdom because of the Enlightened Absolutism of Louis XV and Louis XVI 
B. The middle class, growing in size and wealth, wanted reforms and access to offices and privileges enjoyed by the nobility 
C. Enlightenment intellectuals, by popularizing words such as "nation", "citizen", and "general will" questioned long-established political and social institutions 
D. Peasants (and many townsmen) were hurt by food shortages, high prices, and growing unemployment 
ANSWER: A
Because of fiscal problems and rising discontent, Louis XVI of France was forced to summon 
A. The Senate 
B. The House of Commons 
C. The Council of Trent 
D. The Estates General 
ANSWER: D
The Third Estate at the Estates General of 1789 
A. Cooperated fully with the nobility 
B. Demanded that all three estates meet together and vote individually, assuring that the Third would dominate the Estates General 
C. Cooperated with the king in enacting needed fiscal reforms 
D. Demanded that France be organized like England, with a House of Lords and a House of Commons 
ANSWER: B
Those in the Estates General who took the Tennis Court Oath vowed to 
A. Elect one of their members mayor of Paris 
B. Not to separate until they had written a constitution for France 
C. To expel all nobles and clergy from the Estates General 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: B
The Parisian fortress captured by the populace on July 14, 1789 was the 
A. Notre Dame 
B. Htel Dieu 
C. Bastille 
D. Versailles 
ANSWER: C
In spite of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen 
A. Women did not receive political rights 
B. Sovereignty still resided in the person of the king 
C. Freedom of religion was still restricted 
D. Press criticism of the National Assembly was forbidden 
ANSWER: A
The famous motto of the French Revolution was 
A. "Liberty, Democracy, Property" 
B. "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" 
C. "Liberty, Freedom of Religion, Pursuit of Happiness" 
D. "Freedom, Equality, Constitution" 
ANSWER: B
The Constituent or National Assembly in France 
A. Replaced the Catholic Church with the Protestant Church 
B. Converted France into an Enlightened Absolutist monarchy 
C. Converted France into a constitutional monarchy 
D. Converted France into a republic 
ANSWER: C
The Civil Constitution of the Clergy 
A. Was approved by the pope 
B. Divided the French Catholic population 
C. Established Protestantism in France 
D. Was the idea of Napoleon Bonaparte 
ANSWER: B
The major accomplishments of the National Assembly [Estates General] during the French Revolution included 
A. A written constitution 
B. The abolition of monarchy 
C. Voting rights for women 
D. The adoption of a four estate rather than a three estate division 
ANSWER: A
The Parisian sans-culottes 
A. Joined with the aristocracy to oppose the Revolution 
B. Were Girondins rather than Jacobins 
C. Were the backbone of Parisian radicalism and egalitarianism during the French Revolution 
D. Were strong supporters of the Enlightenment 
ANSWER: C
The war that broke out in 1792 between France and much of Europe was caused by 
A. The threatening attitudes of European monarchs, egged on as they were by exiled French aristocrats, toward the Revolution 
B. The belief of the French royal family that defeat would mean the restoration of the old monarchy 
C. The hope of French radicals that the war would expose the inefficiency and disloyalty of the king, paving the way for a republic 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: D
The immediate result of the major European war that broke out in 1792 was 
A. The occasion for the overthrow of the monarchy in August, 1792 
B. The crushing of Parisian radicalism by the victorious Prussians 
C. That Napoleon Bonaparte used the chaos of this war to proclaim himself emperor 
D. The French were able to prevent the partition of Poland 
ANSWER: A
The Jacobins and the Girondins 
A. Opposed the proclamation of the Republic by the Convention 
B. Were rival revolutionary political factions in the National Convention 
C. Supported the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte 
D. Were important religious movements in the 18th century 
ANSWER: B
Under the direction of the Mountain, the National Convention 
A. Expelled and arrested the leaders of the Gironde 
B. Enacted a law of the Maximum to control the price of bread and flour 
C. Selected a Committee of Public Safety to carry out radical revolutionary programs 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: D
Manon Roland 
A. Was the wife of a prominent opponent of the French Revolution 
B. Became the power behind her husband when he was a government minister in 1792-1793 
C. Was the wife of Robespierre and supported the Terror 
D. Helped Napoleon end the Revolution 
ANSWER: B
The major purpose of the Terror during the French Revolution was 
A. To protect the new French Republic from its enemies and to satisfy the demands by the sans-culottes for immediate action against those enemies 
B. To enact the feminist program of Manon Roland and Olympe de Gouges 
C. To favor the political ambitions of Danton and Robespierre 
D. To secure the rule of Napoleon after he seized power 
ANSWER: A
The Republic of Virtue 
A. Was an attempt to infuse all aspects of French life with revolutionary politics 
B. Was a sham designed to hide the blatant dictatorship of Napoleon 
C. Was another name for the United States during the 18th Century 
D. Abolished the Committee of Public Safety 
ANSWER: A
Such developments in the French Revolution as the attack on the Catholic Church, new laws on marriage and divorce, and the adoption of the Revolutionary calendar were part of the phase of the Revolution called 
A. The Estates General 
B. The Directory 
C. The Republic of Virtue 
D. The Gironde 
ANSWER: C
In the New World, the French Revolution inspired a major slave revolt in 
A. South Carolina 
B. Mexico 
C. Brazil 
D. St. Domingue (Haiti) 
ANSWER: D
A sign of growing discontent in France with the Terror and the Republic of Virtue was 
A. The anti-Revolutionary revolt in the Vende 
B. The assassination of Marat 
C. Danton's advice that the Revolution take a more moderate course 
D. All of the above 
ANSWER: D
The "Thermidorian Reaction" during the French Revolution came when the Convention overthrew and executed 
A. Danton 
B. Robespierre 
C. Marat 
D. Madame Roland 
ANSWER: B
The Thermidorian Reaction 
A. Was a chemical term from the Scientific Revolution 
B. Was the result of Louis XVI's attempt to flee France in 1791 
C. Was the overthrow and execution of Robespierre and the end of the Terror 
D. Was Napoleon's seizure of power 
ANSWER: C
The immediate results of the overthrow of Robespierre were all of the following except 
A. A successful counter-revolt by the sans-culottes 
B. A reopening of many Catholic churches, especially in small towns and rural areas 
C. A new constitution that established a five-man executive board, the Directory 
D. A royalist uprising in Paris in May, 1795 
ANSWER: A
The French Revolutionary regime that followed the overthrow of Robespierre was called 
A. The Estates General 
B. The Civil Constitution of the Clergy 
C. The Republic of Virtue 
D. The Directory 
ANSWER: D
Napoleon Bonaparte made his early military reputation with early victories in 
A. A successful invasion of Great Britain 
B. A successful repression of the Haitian slave revolt 
C. A successful invasion of Italy followed by the Egyptian expedition 
D. A successful invasion of Spain 
ANSWER: C
Upon seizing power in France, Napoleon Bonaparte 
A. Consolidated his rule by employing and seeking support from a combination of Jacobins, Old Regime Officials, returning emigrant nobles, and Catholics 
B. Imposed ruthless military rule over all parts of France 
C. Announced he was repudiating the French Revolution 
D. Immediately invaded the British Isles 
ANSWER: A
As part of his effort to consolidate his rule in France, Napoleon Bonaparte did all of the following except 
A. Enact the Napoleonic Code, which secured equal rights for all French men, but left women subordinate 
B. Establish a Bank of France to handle government funds 
C. Sign a Concordat with the Papacy to end religious problems caused by the Revolution 
D. Establish free, democratic elections 
ANSWER: D
In his military career, Napoleon invaded all of the following except 
A. Russia 
B. Spain 
C. Austria 
D. Britain 
ANSWER: D
The basic purpose of Napoleon's Continental System was 
A. To promote the development of industry in Europe 
B. To shut out potentially ruinous economic competition form the United States 
C. To harm the British economy by preventing Britain from exporting its manufactures to Europe 
D. To undertake the alliance of all European states against Great Britain 
ANSWER: C
In those parts of Europe directly ruled by Napoleon or by his relatives, the following occurred 
A. The imposition of serfdom on the peasantry, if this had not already been done 
B. The closing of all Catholic Churches 
C. Major tax cuts 
D. The imposition of the Napoleonic Code 
ANSWER: D
Napoleonic rule in Europe led directly or indirectly to all of the following events in the Americas except 
A. The ultimate triumph of the slave revolt in St. Domingue (Haiti) 
B. The independence of Canada from Great Britain 
C. The Spanish American revolutions led by Bolivar and others, that led to independence for Hispanic countries 
D. The War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain 
ANSWER: B
A major uprising against Napoleon's brother Joseph Bonaparte, who had been made king by Napoleonic decree, took place in 
A. Austria 
B. Portugal 
C. Spain 
D. Prussia 
ANSWER: C
Point out the incorrect reason for growing European resistance to Napoleonic rule 
A. Dissatisfaction with the Napoleonic Code because it embodied the principles of the French Revolution of 
B. Dissatisfaction with the growing number of annexations of traditionally independent areas such as Holland to France 
C. Dissatisfaction with the rule of Napoleon's relatives such as Joseph in Spain 
D. Dissatisfaction with the economic restrictions of the Continental System 
ANSWER: A
Napoleon's invasion of Russia failed for several reasons, including 
A. Russia was a vast desert, and his armies soon got lost 
B. He brought too few men into Russia, not even 100,000 
C. His army was crushed by the Russian army at Borodino 
D. He faced a lack of adequate supplies and a hard, cold winter 
ANSWER: D
The military defeat of Napoleon was accomplished in 1813-1815 at the following battles 
A. Borodino-Saratoga 
B. Leipzig-Waterloo 
C. Hastings-Cannae 
D. Trafalgar-Midway 
ANSWER: B
The major problem that led the king of France to convoke the Estates General was the threat of royal bankruptcy if nothing was done.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
A major factor in the social-political scene in France in 1789 was that the middle classes would not side with the monarchy against the aristocracy as they had often done in the past.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
The Tennis Court Oath was taken by the noble delegates to the Estate General, vowing to resist the demands of the Third Estate for a change in the voting procedure.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
Among the rights enumerated in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen were "Liberty, equal rights for women, and resistance to oppression." 
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
The idea of equality in the French Revolutionary triad of Liberty, Equality, Fraternity meant full civil and political rights for women.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
The war that broke out between France and Austria and Prussia in 1792 was an important cause of the overthrow of the French monarchy.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
In the National Convention during the French Revolution the Jacobins sat on the right and the Girondins sat on the left.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
The Committee of Public Safety during the French Revolution had two principal goals: to secure the republic against internal and external enemies and to carry out a program of revolutionary radicalism.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
As part of revolutionary radicalism, the French National convention introduced a new calendar and the system of metric measurements.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
Robespierre and the Terror were overthrown in part because the defeat of both internal and external enemies of the French Revolution had led many persons to favor more moderate policies.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
The Directory, which succeeded the Republic of Virtue in France, soon had a firm and unchallenged control over the country.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
Napoleon's second victorious military campaign culminated with the defeat of the British at the Battle of the Nile.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
The Napoleonic Code, although written at the behest of an authoritarian, nonetheless affirmed such important Revolutionary gains as equality of all before the law.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
Napoleon believed that his power in France and in Europe could be maintained only by additional conquests.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
The year 1805 saw the French navy defeated at Austerlitz while Napoleon won a brilliant land victory at Trafalgar.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
The purpose of Napoleon's "Continental system" was to form a firm alliance with Great Britain.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
South American revolutionaries, when seeking independence from Spain, rejected the Napoleonic Code.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
The application of the Continental System by Napoleon started to bring about a growing European dissatisfaction with the emperor.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
Only slightly more than half of the troops that marched with Napoleon into Russia returned to Western Europe.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
Napoleon's attempt to come back from exile in St. Helena led to his final defeat at Leipzig.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
