2. Choose the incorrect statement concerning Ptolemy's model of the universe.

His system was complex.
Planets moved with a perfect circular motion.
Planets had epicycles to create their motion
The sun was stationary.

3. We realize today that retrograde motion (see diagrams p.44,48 text)

was an erroneous idea that the Greeks had about the motion of planets.
was an idea used for explaining epicycles.
is the special ability of planets to actually move in a westward direction at will.
is an apparent east to west motion of planets against a background of stars.

4. Copernicus believed

that the sun was in the center of the universe and retrograde motion was not possible.
in a heliocentric system which simplified the explanation of retrograde motion.
in a heliocentric system that was about as complex as the geocentric system.
that the sun was in the center of the universe and epicycles were unnecessary.

5. Copernicus assumed the apparent motion of the stars was caused by the

revolution of stars around the sun.
rotation of the celestial sphere.
Earth's rotation.
motion of constellations.

6. According to Ptolemy and Copernicus the motions (orbits) of planets were

perfectly circular and uniform.
perfectly circular but not uniform.
elliptical and uniform.
elliptical but not uniform.

7. Which of the following was not "a first" for Galileo?

He was the first to show the Earth moved.
He was the first to see the phases of Venus.
He was the first to clearly see blemishes on the moon.
He was first to see the four, large moons of Jupiter.

8. Galileo believed in a

geocentric model of the universe.
heliocentric model of the universe.
geoheliocentric model of the universe.
heliogeocentric model of the universe.

9. Tycho Brahe was able to

develop a very popular model of the universe.
calculate the distance to a supernova.
discover several comets.
accurately determine the positions of stars and planets.

10. Johannes Kepler used the data of ___?___ to prove that the heliocentric theory was correct.

Ptolemy
Copernicus
Tycho Brahe
Galileo

11. In simplified terms Kepler's First Law of Planerary Motion states that:(see p.54)

Planets orbit the sun.
Planets orbit the sun in elliptical orbits.
Planets orbit the sun in epicycles.
Planets orbit the sun in epicircles.

12. A simplified versions of Kepler's Second Law states that:

The speed of a planet is greater when it is farthest from the sun.
The speed of planet varies; being faster during retrograde motion.
The speed of planet varies with its distance from the sun.
The shape of the orbit varies with a planet's speed.

13. The most complete statement of Kepler's Third Law is:

A planet's orbital period is proportional to its average distance from the sun.
A planet's orbital period squared is proportional to its average distance from the sun.
A planet's orbital period is proportional to its average distance from the sun cubed.
A planet's orbital period squared is proportional to its average distance from the sun cubed.

Lesson 7 "Atoms and Starlight"

14. The spectra or patterns of light from the stars gives information directly about their

temperature and distance.
composition and distance.
size and distance.
temperature and composition.

15. The three major tyes of spectra are

continuous, emission or brightline and brightline absorption.
continuous, absorption and brightline absorption.
continuous, absorption and emission or brightline.
darkline, absorption and emission.

16. A rarified, thin gas cloud (nebula) if glowing would give what type of sprectrum? (see Kirchoff's Laws p.100)

continuous
emission or brightline
absorption
darkline

17. A spectral type that is somewhat of a combination of two other spectral types is

an absorption spectrum which is basically a combination of a continuous and brightline(emission) spectra.
an absorption spectrum which is basically a combination of a continuous and darkline spectra.
an emission spectrum which is basically a combination of a continuous and brightline spectra.
an emission spectrum which is basically a combination of a continuous and darkline spectra.

18. Spectral lines are like fingerprints that tell us what kind of atoms (elements) are producing them. These lines are produced mainly by (see Helps & Hints)

atoms jumping up and down.
electrons within an atom "jumping" up and down.
atoms spinning.
a star's rotation.

19. The sun is composed mainly of what element?

helium
carbon
gas
hydrogen

20. Which of the following spectral classes contains stars with the hottest temperatures?

G
M
K
R

21. If the spectral lines from an object are shifted slightly toward the blue end (blue colors) the object is probably

spinning.
moving towards the Earth.
moving away from the Earth.
composed of a new, undiscovered element.

22. The spectral lines for an object that is moving away from the Earth are shifted

toward the red end (redder colors).
toward the blue end (bluer colors).
either way depending on speed.
less as the speed increases.

23. Because of the Doppler effect, the amount of shift in the spectral lines of a luminous object is an indication of the object's

color.
speed.
motion towards the Earth.
motion away from the Earth.

24. The Doppler effect can give us direct information about the

speed, direction of motion and composition of a star.
speed, size and composition of a star.
speed and direction of motion of a star.
direction of motion, size and rotation of a star.

25. Two glowing objects are moving relative to the Earth. Object A has its spectral lines shifted slightly towards the red end of the spectrum. Object B has its spectral lines shifted a greater amount towards the blue end of the spectrum. Choose the correct statement concerning the motion of these objects.

Object A is moving away from us and faster than B.
Object A is moving toward us and faster than B.
Object B is moving away from us and slower than A.
Object B is moving towards us and faster than A.

Prepared by: Mike Mitchell

Be sure to review your quizzes before taking the test.