mitc
21
qumc

What is the first step to take when an emergency occurs?
Assess the environment.
Correct. Always assess the environment before approaching a victim.
Obtain the victim's consent to treat.
Incorrect. Assess the environment first.
Try to determine what happened.
Incorrect. Assess the environment first.

Which of the following are done with CPR?
cardiac compressions and rescue breathing
Correct. CPR is cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
rescue breathing only
Incorrect. This is referred to as rescue breathing, not CPR.
cardiac compressions only
Incorrect. CPR also includes rescue breathing.

The Heimlich maneuver is performed when the patient:
has an obstructed airway
Correct. This is a method to relieve an obstructed airway.
is not breathing
Incorrect. If the airway is not obstructed, then rescue breathing is done.
is not breathing and has no pulse
Incorrect. If the patient is not breathing and has no pulse, CPR is performed.

When a victim is stung and you see the stinger, what is the best action to take?
Remove it by scraping it with your finger.
Correct. This method removes the stinger while minimizing the release of any venom.
Remove it with tweezers.
Incorrect. Using tweezers forces more venom into the victim.
Leave it intact for later identification.
Incorrect. Attempt to remove the stinger by scraping it with your finger or a credit card.

If internal bleeding is suspected, the best treatment is to do which of the following?
Call EMS.
Correct. Internal bleeding must be evaluated and treated by medical personnel.
Apply a tourniquet.
Incorrect. Never apply a tourniquet, not even for external bleeding.
Apply direct pressure to stop the bleeding.
Incorrect. This is appropriate for external bleeding, not internal bleeding.

Pressure points are valuable to know when treating what condition?
arterial bleeding
Correct. Press on the appropriate artery until no pulse is felt.
venous bleeding
Incorrect. Pulse points refer to arterial bleeding in the arm or leg.
muscle spasms
Incorrect. Pulse points refer to arterial bleeding in the arm or leg.

Which of the following is the best treatment option when giving first aid to someone with a broken bone?
immobilize the broken bone
Correct. Immobilizing the broken bone helps prevent further injury.
realign the broken bone
Incorrect. Never realign a broken bone, as this may cause further tissue injury.
position broken bone to patient comfort, but do not immobilize or realign it
Incorrect. Immobilizing the broken bone helps prevent further injury.

What type of burn involves damage to the fat layer?
third-degree
Correct. A third-degree burn involves fat, muscles, bones, and nerve tissue.
second-degree
Incorrect. A second-degree burn goes through the dermis.
first-degree
Incorrect. A first-degree burn involves the epidermis.

Which of the following is the best first aid for a burn to the lower leg?
Run cool water over the burn area.
Correct. This helps cool the area.
Apply ice.
Incorrect. Ice can freeze the tissues and cause further damage.
Apply a salve or ointment.
Incorrect. Ointments can hold the heat in and cause further damage.

Which of the following is an example of ingesting a poison?
swallowing gasoline
Correct. Ingest means to swallow.
inhaling a toxic fume
Incorrect. Ingest means to swallow, and inhaling is breathing.
splashing an acidic solution onto the arms
Incorrect. Ingest means to swallow.

Which of the following is true regarding first aid for frostbite?
Do not thaw out the area unless it can be kept thawed.
Correct. Refreezing would increase damage.
Massage the area to warm it.
Incorrect. Massage can increase damage to the tissues.
Apply direct heat to thaw the area.
Incorrect. Direct heat thaws the area too quickly.

What is the first step in first aid for someone complaining of heartburn as a pain in their chest?
Call EMS.
Correct. Any chest pain needs to be evaluated medically to rule out a heart attack.
Give him or her an antacid.
Incorrect. This increases the work on the heart and may cause nausea and vomiting.
Give him or her something to eat to absorb the excess acid.
Incorrect. Give no food or fluids.

Which of the following is the best treatment for a diabetic who is not sure whether he or she is hyperglycemic or hypoglycemic?
Give him or her something sweet to eat.
Correct. Always treat the diabetic as if his or her blood sugar is too low when unsure.
Hold all food and fluids.
Incorrect. Always treat the diabetic as if his or her blood sugar is too low when unsure.
Give him or her a protein to eat.
Incorrect. Treat with quickly absorbing sugars, not protein.

