Until recently, the prevailing view was that adolescence was a time of 



A. moodiness, rebellion, and stress. 


B. rehearsal of adult roles. 


C. introspection and quiet anxiety. 


D. companionship and love. 


E.


Answer: A 
Early adolescence consists of 



A. the time period from age 9 to 11 years. 


B. the time period from age 11 to 14 years. 


C. the time period from age 14 to 16 years. 


D. the time period from age 15 to 19 years. 


E.


Answer: B 
Those who study adolescents 



A. have recently begun to distinguish between early and late adolescence as separate developmental periods with different developmental issues and tasks. 


B. consider all adolescents from the ages of 11 to 19 years to be facing the same issues and developmental tasks. 


C. believe that adolescents should be treated as children or adults. 


D. believe that adolescence does not begin until the age of 16 years. 


E.


Answer: A 
The time period between ages 11 and 14 years is referred to as 



A. late adolescence. 


B. middle adolescence. 


C. early adolescence. 


D. pre-adolescence. 


E.


Answer: C 
The term adolescence refers to 



A. the time during which sexual maturation takes place. 


B. the time a child is in high school. 


C. the time period between puberty and leaving home. 


D. the developmental period between childhood and adulthood. 


E.


Answer: D 
When did the concept of adolescence as we know it in the United States begin? 



A. during the mid-1800s 


B. during the 1950s 


C. during the late 16th century 


D. during the early 15th century 


E.


Answer: A 
Which of the following contributed to the social acceptance of adolescence as a stage of development in the United States? 



A. the "baby boom" in the 1950s 


B. World War I 


C. increased urbanization in the mid-1800s 


D. World War II 


E.


Answer: C 
Which of the following is NOT one of the reforms that led to the acceptance of adolescence as a stage of development? 



A. child labor laws that removed children and adolescents from factories 


B. changes in criminal laws that allowed the courts to treat juveniles differently from adults 


C. mandatory public education and an age-graded school system 


D. age 18 becoming the minimum age to vote 


E.


Answer: D 
Because of technological advances in the 20th century and the need for specialized skills 



A. the time period of adolescence has increased. 


B. the time period of adolescence has decreased. 


C. the time period of adolescence has stayed the same. 


D. adolescence has practically become obsolete. 


E.


Answer: A 
Mujabi is a 13-year-old African boy who, for the past 6 months, has been thoroughly trained in the basic skills needed for adulthood. In a week, he will be recognized as an adult during a traditional tribal ceremony. What is Mujabi about to experience? 



A. menarche 


B. a rite of passage 


C. pubescence 


D. anointment 


E.


Answer: B 
Initiations that mark a change in status and roles when an adolescent becomes an adult are called 



A. menarche. 


B. rites of puberty. 


C. rites of passage. 


D. personal fables. 


E.


Answer: C 
At the age of 13 years, many Jewish boys have a -------- that marks their status as an adult. 



A. menarche 


B. rite of puberty 


C. rite of passage 


D. bar mitzvah 


E.


Answer: D 
The term -------- refers to the age at which a person becomes sexually mature and capable of having children. 



A. puberty 


B. pubescence 


C. juvenile 


D. teenager 


E.


Answer: A 
Dr. Bonwell is writing a book about families in different cultures. She is having trouble deciding on the most appropriate term to use when referring to older children, adolescents, and young adults. She wants to use the broadest term possible. Which of these would be her best choice of terms? 



A. teenagers 


B. juveniles 


C. youth 


D. adolescents 


E.


Answer: C 
A broad, nonspecific term for the younger generation is 



A. juvenile. 


B. youth. 


C. teenager. 


D. adolescent. 


E.


Answer: B 
The term used to refer to the period of time during which sexual maturation takes place is 



A. puberty. 


B. pubescence. 


C. menarche. 


D. adolescence. 


E.


Answer: B 
The term used to refer to sexual maturity is 



A. puberty. 


B. pubescence. 


C. menarche. 


D. adolescence. 


E.


Answer: A 
-------- is the age at which a person becomes sexually mature, whereas -------- is the time during which sexual maturation takes place. 



A. Pubescence; puberty 


B. Adolescence; pubescence 


C. Menarche, pubescence 


D. Puberty; pubescence 


E.


Answer: D 
Which of the following is a legal term? 



A. juvenile 


B. youth 


C. teenager 


D. adolescent 


E.


Answer: A 
On average, at what age do girls begin their growth spurt? 



A. 8 years 


B. 9 years 


C. 10-1/2 years 


D. 12-1/2 years 


E.


Answer: C 
On average, at what age do boys begin their growth spurt? 



A. 9 years 


B. 10-1/2 years 


C. 12-1/2 years 


D. 14 years 


E.


Answer: C 
Which of the following marks the point at which girls' growth slows down? 



A. puberty 


B. menarche 


C. when they begin to develop primary sex characteristics 


D. when they begin to develop secondary sex characteristics 


E.


Answer: B 
The term used to refer to the onset of the menstrual cycle is 



A. puberty. 


B. menarche. 


C. pubescence. 


D. secondary sexual maturation. 


E.


Answer: B 
Which of the following statements is FALSE? 



A. Most girls reach their adult height and weight at about 15 or 16 years. 


B. On average, boys begin their growth spurt 2 years before girls. 


C. Most boys reach their adult height at about 17 or 18 years. 


D. Boys grow about 4 inches a year during their spurt. 


E.


Answer: B 
Why do girls gain fat during adolescence? 



A. They are storing energy to support pregnancy and nursing. 


B. Adolescent girls are often depressed and eat more. 


C. They become sedentary and fail to exercise. 


D. Adolescent girls eat more fattening foods than boys. 


E.


Answer: A 
Primary sexual characteristics refer to 



A. physical features reflecting the outward manifestation of sexual development. 


B. the onset of sexual maturity. 


C. the growth spurt. 


D. physical features directly related to reproduction. 


E.


Answer: D 
Which is an example of a primary sex characteristic? 



A. breasts 


B. facial hair 


C. ovaries 


D. body hair 


E.


Answer: C 
The growth of a boy's testicles is an example of the development of 



A. a primary sex characteristic. 


B. a secondary sex characteristic. 


C. a tertiary sex characteristic. 


D. a menarche. 


E.


Answer: A 
Secondary sexual characteristics refer to 



A. physical features reflecting the outward manifestation of sexual development. 


B. the onset of sexual maturity. 


C. the growth spurt. 


D. physical features directly related to reproduction. 


E.


Answer: A 
Which is an example of the development of a secondary sex characteristic? 



A. penis 


B. testicles 


C. ovaries 


D. breasts 


E.


Answer: D 
Which of the following is a biological trigger for puberty? 



A. endocrine system 


B. nervous system 


C. gonads 


D. There is no single biological trigger for puberty. 


E.


Answer: D 
Beginning around age 7 years, and lasting 4 to 5 years, -------- are secreted into the bloodstream to act as messengers about changes to the body that will occur in adolescence. 



A. testosterones 


B. gonadotropins 


C. endocrines 


D. estrogens 


E.


Answer: B 
When children reach puberty at a particularly young age, it is called 



A. menarche. 


B. precocious puberty. 


C. a rite of passage. 


D. pubescence. 


E.


Answer: B 
Which is NOT an environmental influence on pubertal development? 



A. estrogen 


B. emotional stress 


C. exercise 


D. nutrition 


E.


Answer: A 
Which pubertal change happens first in girls? 



A. growth of pubic hair 


B. menarche 


C. breast development 


D. deepening of the voice and a tendency to have acne 


E.


Answer: C 
Typically, when do girls begin to ovulate? 



A. immediately after menarche 


B. 1 year before menarche 


C. 1 year after menarche 


D. immediately before menarche 


E.


Answer: C 
Typically, which pubertal change happens first in boys? 



A. growth of pubic hair 


B. growth of the penis and scrotum 


C. growth of facial hair 


D. growth of the testes 


E.


Answer: D 
Puberty is considered precocious when it begin before the age of ---------- in girls and ---------- in boys. 



A. 8; 9 


B. 12; 10 


C. 10; 12 


D. 8; 12 


E.


Answer: A 
Trish is an 8-year-old girl who has developed both primary and secondary sexual characteristics. Trish's usually advanced signs of puberty is referred to as 



A. retro-pubescence. 


B. premature hormonal syndrome. 


C. supra-maturity. 


D. precocious puberty. 


E.


Answer: D 
Twelve-year-old Lila is listening to her great grandmother Mary tell her about her life when she was Lila's age. What is Lila likely to discover? 



A. Lila reached puberty much later than her great-grandmother. 


B. Lila grew to adult height much later than her great-grandmother. 


C. Lila had her growth spurt later than Mary. 


D. Lila reached menarche at a younger age than Mary. 


E.


Answer: D 
For girls, menarche occurs 



A. early in pubertal development. 


B. in the middle of pubertal development. 


C. relatively late in pubertal development. 


D. after pubertal development has been completed. 


E.


Answer: C 
Compared to teens 100 years ago, teenagers today reach sexual maturity -------- years earlier. 



A. 1 to 2 years 


B. 2 to 3 years 


C. 4 years 


D. 5 years 


E.


Answer: B 
The tendency for teens to be taller, stronger, and develop earlier than their peers 100 years ago, is more apparent in 



A. boys. 


B. heavier teens. 


C. more active teens. 


D. girls. 


E.


Answer: D 
Beth is the mother of a 15-year-old boy. Beth has begun to notice that her son has gone girl crazy. Beth should attribute her son's behavior to 



A. the direct influence of raging hormones. 


B. hormones exerting an indirect effect through changes in self-concept and social interactions. 


C. the influence of her son's older brother who is also girl crazy. 


D. sex education classes. 


E.


Answer: B 
What is the nature of the effect of hormones on behavior changes in adolescents? 



A. Hormones exert a direct effect on behavior. 


B. Hormones change the chemistry in the brain that causes adolescents to have less control over their behavior. 


C. Hormones have no direct or indirect effect on behavior. 


D. Hormones contribute to changes in self-esteem and how adolescents interact with others, thus indirectly influencing behavior. 


E.


Answer: B 
Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning the timing of physical and sexual maturation for boys? 



A. Early maturing boys are at an advantage in terms of strength and athleticism. 


B. Later maturing boys tend to be more satisfied and secure with their bodies. 


C. Early maturing boys are at risk for adjustment problems. 


D. Later maturing boys often fail to develop adequate coping skills and values. 


E.


Answer: A 
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning the timing of physical and sexual maturation for girls? 



A. Early maturing girls are at risk for eating disorders. 


B. Girls who develop breasts earlier tend to have better body images. 


C. Early maturing girls are less popular. 


D. Early maturing girls are more likely to be depressed and do less well in school. 


E.


Answer: C 
One reason early maturing boys compared to late maturing boys enjoy enhanced prestige is that 



A. they are more intelligent. 


B. they tend to be followers. 


C. they are not involved in dating. 


D. they are better athletes. 


E.


Answer: D 
According to the text, which of the following groups of early adolescents may have the most advantages associated with the timing of puberty? 



A. early maturing girls 


B. early maturing boys 


C. late maturing boys 


D. late maturing girls 


E.


Answer: D 
Which of the following groups of young adolescents likely have the most problems associated with the timing of puberty? 



A. early maturing girls 


B. early maturing boys 


C. late maturing boys 


D. late maturing girls 


E.


Answer: A 
Late maturing girls may be in the best situation of all adolescents because 



A. they are neither the first nor the last to mature. 


B. they tend to be more popular. 


C. they are the most athletic. 


D. the physical changes associated with puberty are less noticeable. 


E.


Answer: A 
Dysmenorrhea is 



A. menstrual cramps and discomfort. 


B. the absence of a menstrual cycle. 


C. the absence of pubic hair. 


D. unusually heavy menstruation. 


E.


Answer: A 
Lupe, a 15-year-old girl, experiences very intense pain and discomfort from menstrual cramps. Lupe is experiencing 



A. dysphoria. 


B. dysplasia. 


C. dysmenorrhea. 


D. distemper. 


E.


Answer: C 
Which of the following is the likely cause of dysmenorrhea? 



A. too much activity during menstruation 


B. too little activity during menstruation 


C. poor nutrition 


D. the uterus releasing prostaglandin 


E.


Answer: D 
The constellation of symptoms such as headaches, backaches, moodiness, and water retention is referred to as 



A. dysmenorrhea 


B. premenstrual syndrome 


C. depression 


D. dysphoria 


E.


Answer: B 
Lately, Cecilia has been complaining of headaches and backaches. She also is extremely moody. What is Cecilia most likely experiencing? 



A. premenstrual syndrome 


B. depression 


C. mood disorder 


D. the flu 


E.


Answer: A 
The idea that adolescents' sex-role behaviors and attitudes become more traditional in early adolescence is referred to as 



A. gender specificity. 


B. traditionalized gender. 


C. gender intensification. 


D. gender mapping. 


E.


Answer: C 
An example of gender intensification is 



A. when a young girl reaches adolescence and begins spending more time cooking and helping out around the house. 


B. when a young boy reaches adolescence and begins to spend more time cooking and helping out around the house. 


C. when an adolescent girl tends to engage in athletics. 


D. when adolescent boys and girls begin spending more time with peers. 


E.


Answer: A 
What is the most likely cause of death during adolescence? 



A. sexually transmitted diseases 


B. suicide 


C. drug overdose 


D. accidents and injuries 


E.


Answer: D 
Nutritional needs during early adolescence 



A. increase. 


B. decrease. 


C. do not change much. 


D. vary depending on the growth patterns of the individual. 


E.


Answer: D 
About 14 to 15 percent of US adolescents 



A. do not get enough calcium in their diet. 


B. are bulimic or anorexic. 


C. are overweight. 


D. commit suicide. 


E.


Answer: C 
What percentage of overweight adolescents become overweight adults? 



A. 25% 


B. 50% 


C. 75% 


D. 90% 


E.


Answer: C 
Dora is a 14-year-old girl who worries constantly about her weight. She is 5 feet 4 inches tall, weighs about 90 pounds, and has not menstruated in 10 months. Dora considers herself to be overweight and maintains a strict diet of 1000 calories per day. Dora is 



A. anorexic. 


B. bulimic. 


C. pregnant. 


D. experiencing premenstrual syndrome. 


E.


Answer: A 
Some evidence has shown that families of anorexic adolescents have disturbed functioning. According to this evidence, which of the following best describes the parents of an anorexic adolescent? 



A. uninvolved parents who are often working and have little time to spend with their children 


B. overinvolved and intrusive parents 


C. parents who are obese and depressed 


D. low-income parents who are highly stressed 


E.


Answer: B 
Individuals with anorexia tend to be 



A. undercontrolled and extroverted. 


B. highly social and energetic. 


C. sedentary and unmotivated. 


D. shy, overcontrolled, and perfectionistic. 


E.


Answer: D 
What percentage of adolescents in the United States are diagnosed with anorexia? 



A. 1% 


B. 10% 


C. 20% 


D. 30% 


E.


Answer: A 
What is the best treatment for anorexia? 



A. family therapy 


B. psychiatric counseling 


C. medication to counteract the weight loss 


D. nutritional supplements, family and individual therapy, and positive reinforcement for weight gain 


E.


Answer: D 
Bulimia is characterized by 



A. strict dieting and minimal consumption of food. 


B. uncontrolled eating and consistent weight gain. 


C. binge eating and purging. 


D. eating only 1000 calories yet remaining obese. 


E.


Answer: C 
-------- refers to an eating disorder characterized by secret eating binges and purges. 



A. Anorexia nervosa 


B. Bulimia nervosa 


C. Expulsive nervosa 


D. Obesity 


E.


Answer: B 
Family members of bulimic individuals often are 



A. obese and depressed. 


B. from low-income backgrounds. 


C. overinvolved and intrusive. 


D. perfectionistic. 


E.


Answer: A 
According to Piaget, hypothetico-deductive reasoning is associated with which stage of thinking? 



A. operational 


B. formal operational 


C. concrete operational 


D. preoperational 


E.


Answer: B 
Formal operational thought involves 



A. speculation. 


B. rejection of adult values and logic. 


C. reality-based perception. 


D. scientific and logical reasoning. 


E.


Answer: D 
What are the three phases of thinking involved in hypothetico-deductive reasoning? 



A. inductive, deductive, and testing 


B. inductive, deductive, and reverse 


C. deductive, interactive, and testing 


D. inductive, abstract, and concrete 


E.


Answer: A 
Jacob is a 12-year-old boy who has begun to imagine what it would be like to live on Mars and what would happen if everyone in the world recycled. What Piagetian stage of thinking is Jacob in? 



A. hypothetico-deductive 


B. concrete operations 


C. formal operations 


D. preoperational 


E.


Answer: C 
Being able to think about one's thinking is called 



A. abstract intensification. 


B. reflective abstraction. 


C. meta-analysis. 


D. hypothetico-deductive reasoning. 


E.


Answer: B 
While performing the pendulum task, Taylor first hypothesizes that the length of the string as well as the heaviness of the weight will cause the pendulum to swing faster. After testing each factor while controlling for the other, Taylor rethinks her hypothesis and decides, on the basis of her testing, that only the length of the string affects the speed of the swing. What has Taylor demonstrated while performing this task? 



A. hypothetico-deductive reasoning and reflective abstraction 


B. abstract intensification and reflective abstraction 


C. reflective abstraction and heuristic thinking 


D. heuristic thinking and abstract intensification 


E.


Answer: A 
A heuristic is 



A. a way of thinking about things abstractly. 


B. a task used by Piaget to measure formal operational thinking. 


C. a person who has not reached formal operational thought. 


D. a shortcut for thinking or a rule of thumb. 


E.


Answer: D 
When asked if a 1.7-ounce bottle of perfume for $35 was a better value than a 4-ounce bottle for $80, Susan immediately answered that the larger bottle is the better value (without calculating the price per ounce). What did Susan use to solve this problem? 



A. a heuristic 


B. reflective abstraction 


C. hypothetico-deductive reasoning 


D. algebra 


E.


Answer: A 
Fifteen-year-old Myra angrily exclaims to her parents, "You are so stupid, you don't know anything about me or my life!" This statement is an example of 



A. a personal fable. 


B. the idea of imaginary audience. 


C. a heuristic. 


D. adolescent egocentrism. 


E.


Answer: D 
What is adolescent egocentrism? 



A. the belief held by parents that adolescents are uncontrollable 


B. an adolescent's belief that his or her parents are too involved in his or her life 


C. an adolescent's belief that his or her thoughts and ideas are unique to him or her and are not understood by adults, teachers, or parents 


D. the belief that adolescence comprises the best years of one's life 


E.


Answer: C 
The best example of imaginary audience would be an adolescent boy who 



A. believes he will become a famous novelist. 


B. writes a story with a moral message. 


C. fabricates stories about his past to make himself look better. 


D. believes that everyone he meets is critically looking him over for flaws. 


E.


Answer: D 
George, a 14-year-old boy, is getting ready to go out on his first date when he discovers a pimple on his chin. He is devastated and refuses to leave the house because he is convinced that everyone, especially his date, will be disgusted by his pimple. What concept does George's situation exemplify? 



A. imaginary audience 


B. personal fable 


C. reflective abstraction 


D. heuristic thinking 


E.


Answer: A 
An adolescent's tendency to emphasize his or her unique or invulnerable qualities reflects which of the following Piagetian concepts? 



A. imaginary audience 


B. personal fables 


C. reflective abstraction 


D. heuristic thinking 


E.


Answer: B 
A 15-year-old girl who engages in risky behaviors is demonstrating 



A. the personal fable. 


B. formal operational thinking. 


C. individualized operational thinking. 


D. the invincibility fable. 


E.


Answer: A 
Mr. Gerber, an eighth-grade health education teacher, is showing a video to his class about young adults who have contracted AIDS. Mr. Gerber hears one student tell another, "That just doesn't happen to kids like us." What does this comment illustrate? 



A. imaginary audience 


B. personal fables 


C. reflective abstraction 


D. heuristic thinking 


E.


Answer: B 
The best example of a personal fable would be an adolescent girl who 



A. believes she won't get pregnant even if she fails to use birth control. 


B. writes a story with a moral message. 


C. fabricates stories about her past to make herself look better. 


D. believes that every boy she meets is fascinated with her. 


E.


Answer: A 
What is an advantage to personal fables? 



A. Personal fables facilitate abstract thinking. 


B. Personal fables allow adolescents to use heuristic thinking more effectively. 


C. Personal fables are often true. 


D. Personal fables encourage adolescents to experiment with new ideas and behave more independently. 


E.


Answer: D 
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the school transitions young adolescents make? 



A. Many school-related problems appear at this time. 


B. Most adolescents have adjustment problems. 


C. Because schools become more personal, most adolescents quickly make the adjustment. 


D. When problems occur, they are mostly for boys rather than girls. 


E.


Answer: A 
Compared to elementary schools, most junior high schools are 



A. more student-oriented. 


B. less focused on academic skills. 


C. less concerned with rules. 


D. more impersonal. 


E.


Answer: D 
Middle schools serve children in which grades? 



A. fourth to sixth grades 


B. fourth to eighth grades 


C. sixth to eighth grades 


D. sixth to twelfth grades 


E.


Answer: C 
Important changes occur in young adolescents' perceptions of their school-related abilities. These changes reflect 



A. a more realistic view of themselves. 


B. a more pessimistic view of themselves. 


C. a more optimistic view of themselves. 


D. an exaggerated view of themselves. 


E.


Answer: A 
Compared to students from China, Hong Kong, Japan, and Korea, adolescent students from the United Sates generally 



A. perform less well. 


B. perform better. 


C. perform the same. 


D. spend more time studying and doing homework. 


E.


Answer: A 
Which of the following is NOT a reason identified for the differences in academic performance of students from the United States and those from Asia? 



A. the length of the school year 


B. the cultural attitudes towards education 


C. the innate abilities of the students 


D. the amount of time spent doing homework 


E.


Answer: C