The study of child development involves the span on time from 
A. birth to adolescence. 
B. birth to death. 
C. conception to death. 
D. conception to adolescence. 
Answer: D 
What are the three developmental domains identified in the textbook? 
A. physical, cognitive, and social-emotional 
B. emotional, intellectual, and physical 
C. social, emotional, and physical 
D. intellectual, mental, and emotional 
Answer: A 
Which developmental domain includes the study of perception and memory? 
A. physical 
B. cognitive 
C. social 
D. emotional 
Answer: B 
Cognitive development refers to 
A. processes related to one's interactions with others. 
B. mental processes involving awareness and problem-solving. 
C. changes in a person's body. 
D. the unfolding of one's genetic code. 
Answer: B 
Claudia is a child development student and has become interested in how children make friends and the factors that influence their relationships with other children. On the basis of her interests, the developmental domain that is most relevant to Claudia is 
A. physical. 
B. cognitive. 
C. social. 
D. emotional. 
Answer: C 
Which developmental domain includes the study of growth and change in motor development? 
A. physical 
B. cognitive 
C. social 
D. emotional 
Answer: A 
According to the text, the three developmental domains 
A. are separate areas of development that have little influence on one another. 
B. interact and influence each other. 
C. are influenced by completely different processes. 
D. vary for different individuals. 
Answer: B 
A child learning the concepts of sharing and caring for others is an example of which developmental domain? 
A. physical development 
B. cognitive development 
C. social-emotional development 
D. maturational development 
Answer: C 
Which of the following is NOT a controversial issue in the study of child development? 
A. the reasons why children are different from one another 
B. the extent to which heredity and experience influence development 
C. is development continuous or does it occur in stages 
D. why development occurs 
Answer: D 
Which of the following is most likely due to learning? 
A. the time at which a child utters his or her first words 
B. a child's ability to grasp an object 
C. the child's ability to count to 10 
D. how a child's skeletal structure changes 
Answer: C 
The process which results in lasting changes in behavior that are brought about by the environment is called 
A. maturation. 
B. learning. 
C. socialization. 
D. heritability. 
Answer: B 
Which of the following involves learning values, beliefs, and customs of society? 
A. socialization 
B. maturation 
C. heritability 
D. ethnicity 
Answer: A 
Which of the following is not influenced by one's environment? 
A. prenatal development 
B. school achievement 
C. aggressiveness 
D. heredity 
Answer: D 
Some parents send their children to private school because they believe their children will receive more individual attention. These parents are emphasizing the importance of ---------- in their children's intellectual development. 
A. nature 
B. nurture 
C. continuity 
D. discontinuity 
Answer: B 
Tracy and Kim are raised in almost identical environments. Their parents expose them to the exact same discipline and provide both of them with the exact same educational programs. Before they enter first grade, they are given a test of their knowledge of numbers and letters. On the basis of this information, we could predict 
A. both would score identically on these tests. 
B. they would score the same on some tests but not on others. 
C. they would not score identically on these tests because genetics must be considered. 
D. they would score identically on these tests because they possess the same intelligence. 
Answer: C 
Itard's desire to study and educate Victor was 
A. to show the importance of genetics. 
B. to show that the environment was a critical factor in development. 
C. to become famous. 
D. to test his newly developed educational methods. 
Answer: B 
From the results of Itard's work with Victor, we can conclude 
A. that Victor was mentally impaired. 
B. that the education of Victor was a complete failure. 
C. that the environment was of little consequence. 
D. very little because of inadequate background information. 
Answer: D 
Which of the following provides the best broad description of the relationship between heredity and environment in determining development? 
A. Heredity is the primary influence with environment affecting development only in severe situations. 
B. Heredity and environment contribute equally to development. 
C. The environment is the major influence on physical characteristics. 
D. Heredity determines the individual's potential and the environment determines whether and to what degree the individual reaches that potential. 
Answer: D 
Although it appears clear that nature and nurture interact to influence human behavior, the controversy about the effect of each continues because 
A. certain learned behaviors often change genetic structure. 
B. nature has a greater influence than nurture in certain populations. 
C. how much each shapes particular behaviors is still not clear. 
D. past research on the effects of nature versus nurture has been largely disproved in the last few years. 
Answer: C 
---------- refers to a person's unique behavioral, motivational, and mental styles of responding. 
A. Personality 
B. Intelligence 
C. Inheritance 
D. Socialization 
Answer: A 
Your textbook describes several examples of children found living with animals in the wild. Although the genetic makeup of these children are similar to that of other children, the lack of human contact early in development is unique for these children. These cases of wild children are most interesting to child development researchers who study 
A. prenatal development. 
B. transactional development. 
C. cognitive development. 
D. the nature-nurture controversy. 
Answer: D 
Cases of children growing up in the wild 
A. provide strong evidence that the environment plays the major role in development. 
B. provide strong evidence that biology plays the major role in development. 
C. are intriguing but provide only limited evidence of the roles of nature and nurture. 
D. should be rejected outright and not considered valid. 
Answer: C 
If a behavior has a strong environmental component and a weak genetic component 
A. MZ twins should not be any more alike than DZ twins. 
B. MZ twins should be more alike than DZ twins. 
C. Adopted children should be more like their biological parents than their adoptive parents. 
D. Twins raised apart from each other should behave in similar ways. 
Answer: A 
When she was 1, Laura was adopted. At the age of 20, she participated in a study of personality. Laura's biological and adoptive mothers also participated in the study. It was found that Laura's personality was much more similar to her adoptive mother than to her biological mother. This result indicates that for Laura 
A. personality has a strong genetic component. 
B. personality has a strong environmental component. 
C. personality is formed at birth. 
D. Laura is a twin. 
Answer: B 
In a study of twins, it was found that MZ twins raised together were no more alike in personality than MZ twins reared apart from each other. This suggests 
A. that non-shared environments have a large effect on personality. 
B. that shared environment has a strong effect on personality. 
C. that shared environment does not have a great effect on personality. 
D. genetics does not have a great effect on personality. 
Answer: C 
According to researchers, what percentage of personality can be attributed to genetics or biology? 
A. 70% 
B. 50% 
C. 30% 
D. 10% 
Answer: B 
If a person's weight has a heritability estimate of 90%, this tell us that 
A. weight is mostly determined by genetics. 
B. weight is mostly determined by one's environment. 
C. height has a heritability of 10%. 
D. the person's weight is out of the control of the individual. 
Answer: A 
An infant kicking his legs rhythmically before he learns to walk provides evidence that 
A. development is discontinuous. 
B. development is continuous. 
C. the infant has a problem. 
D. cognitive development is occurring. 
Answer: B 
The type of development that is best represented by a staircase is 
A. discontinuous. 
B. continuous. 
C. socialization. 
D. heritability. 
Answer: A 
If a child development researcher believes that once children reach the period of adolescence they develop different abilities that they did not have before reaching adolescence, this researcher's developmental perspective is most consistent with the belief that development is 
A. characterized by discontinuity. 
B. determined by one's environment. 
C. determined by one's genetic makeup. 
D. characterized by continuity. 
Answer: A 
Stage theories emphasize the ---------- of development. 
A. continuity 
B. consistency 
C. learning 
D. discontinuity 
Answer: D 
Those who maintain that dramatic and abrupt shifts occur during development believe that 
A. development is discontinuous. 
B. development is continuous. 
C. development is purposeful. 
D. stage theories are not useful. 
Answer: A 
Those who believe that development is continuous would agree with which of the following statements? 
A. Development occurs in stages that are characterized by very specific abilities. 
B. When a child gains the ability to walk, it happens abruptly. 
C. The ability to walk is the end result of a gradual process. 
D. When an adolescent reaches puberty, it causes a sudden, dramatic change in self-image. 
Answer: C 
The finding that rubella affects prenatal development during the first months of pregnancy but not in the later months is an example of 
A. maturation. 
B. learning. 
C. a critical period. 
D. a socialization period. 
Answer: C 
What is the major criticism of the concept of a critical period? 
A. It does not account for the resiliency of humans. 
B. There is no evidence from the animal kingdom to support it. 
C. It is defined too broadly. 
D. There is absolutely no evidence to support its existence. 
Answer: A 
The strongest evidence for a critical period in humans comes from studies of 
A. physical development. 
B. personality development. 
C. perceptual development. 
D. language development. 
Answer: D 
Mona and Peter believe that if they do not expose their newborn son to music he will not grow up to be a musician. As a result, they play music for him constantly. Their belief regarding the need for exposure to music reflects which developmental concept? 
A. sensitive period 
B. critical period 
C. maturation 
D. socialization 
Answer: B 
Lorenz found that ducklings will follow the first moving object they see immediately after birth. This finding 
A. prompted the study of twins to determine environmental and genetic effects. 
B. contradicted findings from studies of human language development. 
C. provided evidence for a critical period. 
D. provided evidence for socialization. 
Answer: C 
Studies have shown that foreign languages are easier for children who are under the age of six to learn. This is an example of 
A. a critical period. 
B. a sensitive period. 
C. strong genetic influence. 
D. a stage theory. 
Answer: B 
Child development as a science is how many years old? 
A. 20 
B. 50 
C. 100 
D. 1000 
Answer: C 
Historically 
A. the treatment of children has changed from century to century as attitudes and philosophical beliefs about children have changed. 
B. attitudes and philosophical beliefs about children have changed little. 
C. the treatment of children has changed little from century to century even though attitudes and philosophical beliefs about children have changed. 
D. the special needs of children have always been recognized. 
Answer: A 
Jeremy believes that raising children should be left to professionals who are trained in child development. His belief matches closely which historical figure? 
A. Plato 
B. Locke 
C. Darwin 
D. Rousseau 
Answer: A 
The Greek philosopher Plato believed that 
A. parents in ancient Greece were the only good role models for their children. 
B. raising children should be a community effort with neighbors and friends helping out. 
C. children were merely miniature adults. 
D. children should be raised under state control to ensure the future of society. 
Answer: D 
During the European Middle Ages, people did not recognize children as special individuals with needs that were different from those of adults. This lack of distinction may have been due to the fact that 
A. life was so hard and children were a burden. 
B. so many children did not survive. 
C. there were too many babies born. 
D. they did not have any special affection for children. 
Answer: B 
Compared to earlier centuries, contemporary developmentalists are more likely to view children as 
A. having similar needs as adults. 
B. having needs that are different from adults. 
C. being influenced by factors that differ from adults. 
D. miniature adults. 
Answer: B 
Which of the following statements best describes the beliefs of John Locke? 
A. Children are born with a personality that is uniquely their own. 
B. Early experiences do not have a large effect on children. 
C. The environment and nurturing a child experiences from birth is the sole influence on the child's development. 
D. Children are born with an intrinsic goodness that is tainted by their environment. 
Answer: C 
Which of the following best describes the beliefs of John Locke? 
A. Children are born with an intrinsic goodness. 
B. A child is like a blank slate. 
C. Children are merely miniature adults and should be treated as such. 
D. Children should be raised under state control. 
Answer: B 
Tabula rasa is associated with which philosopher? 
A. Hall 
B. Rousseau 
C. Locke 
D. Plato 
Answer: C 
Some preschools today promote the philosophy that children should be left to explore their own interests and the role of teachers is merely to encourage the interests of the child. Which of the following would be the most likely to agree? 
A. John Locke 
B. Jean-Jacque Rousseau 
C. Plato 
D. Charles Darwin 
Answer: B 
Which two philosophers set the stage for the modern study of human development? 
A. Locke and Rousseau 
B. Rousseau and Plato 
C. Plato and Socrates 
D. Hall and Darwin 
Answer: A 
Which of the following best describes the beliefs of Jacques Rousseau? 
A. Children are born with an intrinsic goodness. 
B. A child is like a blank slate. 
C. Children are merely miniature adults and should be treated as such. 
D. Children should be raised under state control. 
Answer: A 
Darwin's theory of natural selection challenged the view that 
A. children's development was created in a fixed and perfect form. 
B. children's development resulted from biological and genetic forces. 
C. children's development was continuous. 
D. behavior changes over time. 
Answer: A 
Darwin's belief that nature selects individuals who are best suited for their environment is referred to as 
A. critical adaptation. 
B. behavioral adaptation. 
C. generational evolution. 
D. natural selection. 
Answer: D 
Who pioneered the transition from child development as a philosophy to human development as a science? 
A. John Locke 
B. Jean-Jacque Rousseau 
C. Charles Darwin 
D. G. Stanley Hall 
Answer: D 
The contemporary view of adolescence as a prolonged period separating childhood from adulthood was defined by 
A. Rousseau. 
B. Locke. 
C. Darwin. 
D. Hall. 
Answer: D 
The period of prolonged adolescence as a developmental stage separating childhood from adulthood has been studied since 
A. ancient times. 
B. medieval times. 
C. the 18th century. 
D. the 20th century. 
Answer: D 
In recent years, which of the following is the fastest growing type of family? 
A. nuclear family 
B. single-parent family 
C. stepfamily 
D. extended family 
Answer: B 
Christy and Ron are husband and wife. They live together with their two biological children. Christy and Ron's family is defined as a 
A. nuclear family. 
B. blended family. 
C. stepfamily. 
D. extended family. 
Answer: A 
A family that consists of a husband and wife who have children from former marriages is called a(n) 
A. nuclear family. 
B. single-parent family. 
C. stepfamily. 
D. extended family. 
Answer: C 
By 2007, estimates project that ------------ families will outnumber nuclear families.		 
A. blended 
B. extended 
C. divorced 
D. single-parent 
Answer: A 
Currently, it is estimated that about ---------- of all children can expect to live with a stepfamily for at least 1 year before the age of 18. 
A. one-tenth 
B. one-quarter 
C. one-third 
D. one-half 
Answer: C 
Roland and Terry are husband and wife. They live together with their two biological children and Roland's parents. Roland and Terry's family is defined as a(n) 
A. nuclear family. 
B. blended family. 
C. stepfamily. 
D. extended family. 
Answer: D 
A blended family is formed when 
A. a widowed or divorced person remarries. 
B. the children in the family are not the biological offspring of both parents in the family. 
C. two single parents are living together but are not married. 
D. other relatives such as grandparents live with a nuclear family. 
Answer: A 
Which of the following statements is false? 
A. Compared to 1970, there are now more people who are delaying marriage. 
B. Compared to 1970, birth rates have increased. 
C. Compared to 1970, there are now more divorced people or people who have never been married. 
D. The U.S. population today is more diverse than it was in 1970. 
Answer: B 
Julie is a 28-year-old mother of a 3-year-old son. Compared to her mother, Julie is more likely to 
A. have more children. 
B. work outside of the home. 
C. get divorced. 
D. live in a nuclear family. 
Answer: B 
In most cases, children born to gay or lesbian parents 
A. were artificially conceived. 
B. were carried by a surrogate mother. 
C. were conceived in the context of a heterosexual relationship. 
D. were adopted. 
Answer: C 
Research on children from gay and lesbian homes suggest that 
A. they are more likely to be abused than children reared in heterosexual homes. 
B. they are shy and withdrawn. 
C. they are embarrassed of their parents. 
D. they are no different from children reared in heterosexual homes. 
Answer: D 
According to recent estimates, which segment of the United States is the slowest growing? 
A. Caucasian American 
B. African American 
C. Mexican American 
D. Asian American 
Answer: A 
Most of the growth in minority populations in the United States has been due to 
A. increased birthrates. 
B. immigration. 
C. lower birth rates among Caucasian Americans. 
D. economic changes. 
Answer: B 
Most immigrant children to the United States come from 
A. Africa 
B. Europe 
C. Central America 
D. Russia 
Answer: C 
Many of the beliefs held about immigrant children and families are based on 
A. immigrants that are in the United States illegally. 
B. immigrants that are in the United States legally. 
C. immigrants who look to the United States to improve their standard of living. 
D. immigrants who are criminals. 
Answer: A 
Models of development for children of color differ from those for Caucasian, middle-class children in researchers' recognition of 
A. different developmental domains. 
B. the influences of nature and nurture. 
C. the influence of racism, prejudice, and discrimination. 
D. the influence of schooling. 
Answer: C 
Behavior that denies individuals or groups of individuals the equality of treatment is referred to as 
A. discrimination. 
B. elitism. 
C. inequality. 
D. prejudice. 
Answer: A 
---------- refers to a group whose members share a common genetic heritage, whereas ---------- refers to a group whose members share a common cultural heritage. 
A. Race; diversity 
B. Ethnicity; race 
C. Ethnicity; diversity 
D. Race; ethnicity 
Answer: D 
The term African American refers to a person's 
A. ethnicity. 
B. race. 
C. birthplace. 
D. country of origin. 
Answer: A 
---------- is the term used to refer to people of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central and South American, and other Spanish culture or origin. 
A. Hispanic 
B. Chicano 
C. Spanish 
D. Latino 
Answer: A 
Michelle is the daughter of an Asian American mother and an African American father. For people like Michelle, a single racial category does not reflect their racial status. Michelle's racial status is referred to as 
A. multiracial. 
B. polygenetic. 
C. polyethnic. 
D. ethno-racial. 
Answer: A 
Today, about ---------- percent of the US population is multiracial. 
A. 2 
B. 12 
C. 20 
D. 25 
Answer: A 
The exact number of gay and lesbian parents is difficult to determine because 
A. of fear of discrimination and prejudice if they are found out. 
B. there is no way to identify them. 
C. gay and lesbian parents do not classify themselves as such. 
D. the government is not interested in identifying them. 
Answer: A 
A researcher taking a transactional perspective of development examines 
A. the interplay between the qualities individuals bring to their environments and the diversity of environments people experience. 
B. the effect the environment has on individuals. 
C. the effect biology has on individuals. 
D. the effect individuals have on their environments. 
Answer: A 
Which of the following statements best characterizes the conceptual basis of your textbook? 
A. Although biology plays a significant role in development, influences of environment on development are considerably more important and easily studied. 
B. Development is a product of an interaction between an individual and his or her environment. 
C. Diversity in humans makes the study of human development virtually impossible. 
D. Although there are three domains of development, studying each one separately is the most effective way to gain a clear picture of the process of development. 
Answer: B 
According to the authors of your textbook, children develop and learn about themselves through their 
A. relationships with others. 
B. intellectual abilities. 
C. physical qualities. 
D. maturational tendencies. 
Answer: A