**Ethical Egoism***~Normative theory- how we out to be.
~*Arguments for Ethical Egoism:
1)Society would be more productive and
happier if so much time and energy
weren't waisted on "useless eaters,"
the unproductive, mediocre, weak,
and stupid.
2)Not enabling the weak, but making
them more self-reliant.
3)True altruism harms the give and the
receiver
-Swanders the givers resources
-The receiver becomes resentful,
lazy, and has a lower self-esteem.
4)You know how best to fulfill your
desires.

~*Criticism towards Ethical Egoism:
1)Clashes with moral intuitions
-Right and wrong
2)Pro-arguments seem to assume
utilitarianism.
-Rebuttal: A better society will
benefit me!
3)Egoism isn't universal. An
egoists best policy is to be "in the
closet".
4)You'd have no reason to help anyone.
5)Turns selfishness into a moral view.
-Takes selfishness and makes it
morally right.

~*Cultural Relativism: Normative/ moral:
PRO:
1)Promotes tolerance and acceptance.
2)Morality is relative to culture.
CON:
1)"Immoral" Cultural practices
(examples: female "circumcision";
being burned alive on husbands
funeral pyre; and slavery)
2)Can't make sense of moral progress
3)What counts as Culture? (Social
class, racial group, national origin,
religion, lifestyle, political
boundaries?)Any way of defining it
seems arbitrary.
4)Minority protest is always wrong.
(Martin L. King and Rosa Parks were
immoral??)

Note:
1)Relativism says it implies tolerance, but does it?
- No, in order to say everyone should be tolerant, you would have to be a universalist/ absolutist
2)Descriptive: States facts
Normative: The way things should be
Emperical: No moral judgement, how things are.