Elizabeth Hamilton
Thursday, February 06, 2003
Ethics Notes

Utilitarianism:
Founded by Bentham

Theory of Value- “Hedonism” only pleasure is intrinsically valuable (or happiness).
(Hedonism + Egoism is our everyday definition of Hedonism)

Theory of Action- “Consequentialism” maximize total value for everyone.
(Greatest good for the greatest number.)

Intrinsic Value:
Good in it’s self (pleasure)

Extrinsic Value:
Good as a means of something else (ex. Money)

Q: Is pleasure the only thing of intrinsic value?

Other Candidates:
- Achievement
- Scientific
- Artistic
- Literary
- Humanitarian
- Knowledge
- Beauty
- Freedom
- Aesthetic
- Power

Bentham’s Hedonistic Calculus: These are the ideas that Bentham suggests we way before committing any act
1. Intensity
2. Duration
3. Certainty
4. Remoteness (how difficult to achieve)
5. Fecundity (how fertile to produce…ex. Being nice, working, etc.)
6. Purity (the sensations followed)
7. Extent (how many affected)