Pacifism:
1) absolutist, non-violence position
2) war is never justified
3) "An eye for an eye" makes the whole world blind--M.K. Gandhi

Just War Theory:
1) self-defense
2) to protect others (humanitarian concerns-e.g. Kosevo)--cynical people would say: why don't we do this everywhere? North Korea, Rwanda, Sudan, Cuba, China, Saudi Arabia
3) promote freedom and democracy
4) defend national interests (e.g. oil)

For exam: read page 557, the bullets

animal rights--animal welfare
Utilitarian approach: animals experience pain and thus have "interests" which deserve consideration

Pro:
1) animals are factory farmed, treated inhumanely
2) human beings don't need to eat mean--they eat it for the taste
3) causes health problems