Again, sorry for this being late

Read Ch. 5 "What is knowledge" by Thursday.

Perceptual Knowledge
1. Direct (naive) realism
2. Representationalism
3. Phenomenalism

Direct Realism
Common Sense view: The objects of perception are external, material things which have independent existence from our minds.

Problems with it: Unjustifiable because
1. No way to get outside of our perception and see if it's accurate
2. Because we seem to see stars as they are, but we're seeing them many years in the past- some stars may not exist anymore.
3. Doppler effects with sound.
4. We see all objects at least a little in the past (due to light)
5. So called "solid" objects are mostly empty space.

Russell States: You start with naive realism, move to Science, then reject naive realism.
Do colors really exist?

Representationalism
Objects of perception are sense data. (sense data are mental images which represent the real world to our minds)
Thing: (substance) exists or not. Has or possess qualities.
Quality: A way in which a thing exist.
Example of a thing: Shoe.
Example of Qualities: Brown, made of leather, metal, rubber, etc.
Primary Qualities: Shoe. Made of leather and size 11 are considered a _primary quality_-Real properties in the thing itself; size, shape, solidity, temperature, etc.
Secondary Qualities: Powers of objects to affect us through their primary qualities. Example of not in the object themselves, like color.
The surface structure(shape) is in the shoe, the browness isn't.
Taste: is a secondary quality and subjective qualities can exist by themselves. There must be some substance to them which creates them and holds them together (the Force;)
Substance: Matter. Material substance.
"Substance is a something I know not what" which supports qualities.