announcements: Fri-Ch 16 (free will and belief)
For final: Ch 8, 16, 17, 19

Externalism ch 8- tries to escape the subjectivity of internalism
contrast Internalism and Externalism
INT- -foundationalism
-coherentism
"reflective access to reason is necessary for justification"
-not enough to be good reason's: have to know what they are + be able to explain them
If can't explain-> not justified in belief
=responsibility, blame, "the right to have a belief in X"
-normative: justification graded on a curve-"did you do your best to believe the truth?"

EXT-If you come to a conclusion in a reliable manner, it's justified even if it cannot be explained
-reliablism: beliefs are justified if they come about as a result of a reliable process
-justification: is a matter of objective states of affairs which make your belief likely to be true, not a subjective state of mind.

Externalism criticism of Internalism: any belief can be justified-> internalism
based on superstitions, bad authority
ex-belief in evil spirits
-white supremacy
-we never went to the moon
Internalism is too weak to call justification

Externalism-> need some objective standard if your belief comes from a reliable
ex- idiot savant-> reflective access to the reasons for their consistently correct beliefs are not necessary for justification.
ex2- Intuitions, reliable psychic
-beliefs you've carefully formed whose reasons you've forgotten
some people say: maybe these are different forms/senses of justification

Combination theories :Foley and Alston
-Externalism + Internalist constraint
-> reliable process (ex) +
- must know it's reliable (int)
ex- plane wreck-> psychic= premonitions of falling ladder, grabs ladder- kept from falling= reliable if psychic abilities have been shown to be consistently reliable.

Fri=ch 16 Belief and Free Will